Tungsten chii?
Tungsten isimbi yakasvibirira ine sirivha ine nheyo yakanyunguduka yakakura yeyese yakachena.
Iyo inozivikanwawo seWolfram, iyo iyo inotora iyo chiratidzo, W, tungsten inonyanya kurwisana ne fracturing kupfuura diamond uye yakaoma zvikuru kupfuura steel. Iyo ndiyo inoratidzika yesimbi yakasiyana-siyana-simba rayo uye kukwanisa kumira kunzvimbo dzakakwirira - izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune zvizhinji zvekutengeserana uye zvemabhizimisi.
Properties:
- Atomic Symbol: W
- Atomic Number: 74
- Element Category: Transition Metal
- Kuwandisa: 19.24g / cm 3
- Melting Point: 6192 ° F (3422 ° C)
- Boiling Point: 10031 ° F (5555 ° C)
- Kuoma kwaMos: 7.5
Kugadzirwa:
Tungsten inonyanya kubviswa kubva kumarudzi maviri emaminerari, wolframite, uye scheelite. Zvisinei, kudzorerwazve kwetungsten kunobatanidzawo ne30% yehuwandu hwepasi rose. China ndiyo inonyanya kubudisa muchengeti wesimbi, inopa kudarika 80% yenyika yose.
Kana imwe nguva tungsten ore yakashandurwa uye yakaparadzaniswa, chimiro chemakemikari, ammonium paratungstate (APT), inobudiswa. APT inogona kupisa nehydrogen kuti igadzire tungsten oxide kana kuti inogona kuita neakubhoni pane kutonhora kupfuura 1925 ° F (1050 ° C) kuti iite tungsten simbi.
Applications:
Chikumbiro chekutanga cheTungsten kwemakore anopfuura zana chave chakafanana nemafungiro ekudzivirira kwechiedza chechiedza. Doped with small amounts of potassium-aluminium silicate, tungsten powder inotungidzirwa pahutano hwepamusoro kuti ibudise tsvina yemhepo iri pakati pekuvhenekera kwechiedza inoita mamiriyoni edzimba kumativi ose enyika.
Pamusana pekugona kwetungsten kuchengetedza maitiro ayo pamatambo akakwirira, tungsten filaments iko zvino inoshandiswawo mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa kwemumba, kusanganisira marambi, mafungiro emvura, kupisa zvinhu mumagetsi emagetsi, mavheni e microwave, x-ray tubhu uye macathode-ray tubes (CRTs) ) mumakombiyuta vatariri uye terevhizheni.
Kushivirira kwesimbi kushandiswa kwakanyanya kunoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune thermocouples uye magetsi mabhii mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye kushambadzira midziyo. Zvikumbiro zvinoda kuisa zvakanyanya, kana uremu, zvakadai semagetsi, zvikepe zvehove, uye marara zvinowanzoshandisa tungsten nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo.
Tungsten Carbide:
Tungsten carbide inobudiswa kana kusunga atomu imwe yema tungsten ine imwe carbon atomu (inomiririrwa nemakemikari yerikiti WC) kana maatomu maviri e tungsten ane carbon imwechete (W2C). Inopedzwa nekupisa kwetungsten powder nekoni pamadziro ekupisa kwe 2550 ° F kusvika ku 2900 ° F (1400 ° C kusvika 1600 ° C) mumvura ye hydrogen gas.
Maererano nekuoma kwaMoh (chiyero chekukwanisa kwekugadzirisa chimwe chinhu), tungsten carbide ine urema hwe 9.5, zvishoma zvishoma kudarika diamond. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, iyi yakaoma yakasanganiswa yakazara, iyo inoda kudzvinyirira uye kupisa fomu yeupfu pahutambo hwepamusoro, kuita michina inoshandiswa mukugadzira nekucheka. Mhedzisiro ndeyezvinhu zvinogona kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu ekupisa kwepamusoro uye kushungurudzika, zvakadai semabheji, zvishandisi zvishandiso, kugadzira milling cutters uye kuputira zvombo zvombo.
Cemented carbide inobudiswa uchishandisa musanganiswa we tungsten carbide uye cobalt powder, uye inoshandiswa kugadzira zvishandiso zvisina kushandiswa, zvakadai sezvinoshandiswa mumabhizimisi emigodhi.
Mushonga-kubhadhara wakashandiswa kugadzira Channel Tunnel kubatana neBritain kuEurope, chaizvoizvo, wakagadzirirwa anenge 100 cemented carbide tips.
Tungsten Alloys:
Tungsten simbi inogona kusanganiswa nedzimwe simbi kuwedzera simba ravo nekudzivirira kupfeka nekuora . Sirasi zvinyorwa zvinowanzove zvine tungsten yezvinhu izvi zvinobatsira. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinokurumidza-dzinomhanya-dzinoshandiswa mukucheka nekugadzira zvishandiso zvakafanana nemaona anoona - zvine mhepo inenge 18 muzana tungsten.
Tongsten-steel alloys inoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwemarobhoti ejini, iyo inofanirwa kuva nehupamhi hunopisa simba. Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvema tungsten zvinosanganisira Stellite (cobalt, chromium, uye tungsten), iyo inoshandiswa pakubata uye pistoni nekuda kwekugara kwayo uye kusagadzikana kupfeka, uye Hevimet, iyo inogadzirwa nokukanda tungsten alloy powder uye inoshandiswa muzvombo, mabheti , uye gorofu makirasi.
Zvipfeko zvinoumbwa ne cobalt, simbi kana nickel , pamwe ne tungsten, zvinogona kushandiswa kubudisa mahwendefa emagetsi emagetsi.