Ndezvipi zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuora?
Zvinyorwa pasi apa ndezvi 10 zvinowanzosiyana zvehuroti:
General Attack Corrosion:
Iyo inozivikanwa seyunifomu inorwisa kupisa, kurwisa kwechirwere yakawanda ndiyo inonyanya kurudzirwa kwegorosi uye inokonzerwa nekemiksi kana electrochemical reaction iyo inokonzera kuora kwezvose zvakaratidzwa pamusoro pesimbi.
Pakupedzisira, simbi inowedzera kusvika pakuguma kwekukundikana.
Zvose zvinorwisa kurwisa zvinokonzera kuparadzwa kukuru kwesimbi kuburikidza nekuora asi kunofungidzirwa senzira yakachengeteka yekuora, nemhaka yekuti inotarisirwa, inogadziriswa uye inowanzodzivirirwa.
Localized Corrosion:
Kusiyana nehuwandu hunorwisa hurosiro, nzvimbo yakarongeka inokonzera zvakananga imwe nzvimbo yesimbi yakagadzirwa. Localized corrosion inorondedzerwa seimwe yemhando mitatu:
- Pitting: Pitting zvinoguma kana gomba duku, kana kuti ganda, rinoumba musimbi, kazhinji semugumisiro we-de-passivation yenzvimbo duku. Iyi nzvimbo inova anodic, asi chikamu chesimbi yakasara inova cathodic, ichigadzira galvaniic inoitika. Kuparara kwenzvimbo iyi duku kunopinda nesimbi uye kunogona kutungamirira kukundikana. Ichi chimiro chegorosi chinowanzomesa kuonekwa nekuda kwekuti kazhinji kazhinji kacho chiduku uye chingave chakafukidzirwa uye chakavanzwa nemakemikari anogadzirwa
- Kunokonzera kuora: Sezvakaita pitting, crevice corrosion inoitika pane imwe nzvimbo. Urwu ruvara rwegorosi runowanzobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwemhepo-yakasvibirira, sezvakawanikwa kune pasi pegasikets uye maashers uye zviputi. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kana kuti kupera kwe okisijeni munharaunda kunogona kukonzera kupisa.
- Filiform kurwisa: Kuita pasi pependi kana kuti yakafukidzwa apo mvura inoputsa kupfeka, filiform inouraya inotanga pane zviduku zvishoma pakuvhara uye inopararira kuti iite chimiro chisina simba.
Galvanic Corrosion:
Galvanic corrosion , kana kuti yakawanda masimbi endarira, inowanikwa apo zvigadzirwa zviviri zvakasiyana zvinowanikwa pamwechete mu-electrolyte inogadzirisa. A galvanic inoumba pakati pematare maviri, apo imwe simbi inova anode uye imwe iyo cathode. Iyo anode, kana simbi yezvibayiro, inoputika uye inowedzera nokukurumidza kupfuura iyo inenge iri yoga, asi cathode inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura iyo ingadai isina kudaro.
Zvinhu zvitatu zvinofanira kunge zviripo kuti galvanic corrosion iite:
- Electrochemically dissimilar metal inofanira kuvapo
- Iyo simbi inofanira kunge iine magetsi, uye
- Iyo simbi inofanira kubudiswa kune electrolyte
Kuchengetedza Kwemagariro:
Kudengenyeka kwepakati pemugodhi inzira inopisa inogona kuguma nekubatana kwezvakatipoteredza zvine chokuita nesimbi. Makemikari, kupisa uye kushungurudzika zvinokonzera kushungurudzika zvinogona kukonzera mhando dzinotevera dzekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro okunze:
- Kushungurudzika Kurohwa Kuchengeta (SCC)
- Corrosion fatigue
- Hydrogen-induced cracking
- Liquid iron embrittlement
Kuyerera-Kubatsira Kurwisa (FAC):
Kuyerera-kubatsirwa kukora, kana kuyerera-kukurumidza kuora, kunoguma apo kuvharidzirwa kwehuni yakasvibira pamusoro pensimbi kunoparara kana kubviswa nemhepo kana mvura, ichiisa danda resimbi kuti rirambe richinya uye richiderera.
- Kuora-kubatsira rubrosiro
- Kudzingirira
- Cavitation
Intergranular corrosion
Intergranular corrosion ikemikari kana electrochemical kurwisa pamiganhu yezviyo zvesimbi. Inowanzoitika nekuda kwezvisina kuchena mukati mesimbi, iyo inowanzove iripo mune zvakakwirira zviri pedyo nemiganhu yezviyo. Iyi miganhu inogona kuva yakanyanya kuchinetseka kurara kupfuura yakawanda yesimbi.
De-Alloying:
De-alloying, kana kusarudza leaching, ndiko kusarudzwa kwechinhu chimwe chezvinhu mumagariro. Rudzi rwakawanda kwazvo rweku-alloying is--incincification yendarira isina kusimbiswa. Mugumisiro wekuora mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro ndeyendarira yakashata uye yakazara.
Fretting corrosion:
Kushungurudza kwakashata kunowanzoitwa nekuda kwekudzokorora kupfeka, kuyerwa uye / kana kudengenyeka pamusoro pekusawirirana, pamusoro pemvura. Kuora, kunounza mumakomba uye grooves, kunoitika pamusoro.
Kurwisana kwekasa kunowanzoonekwa mukukwikwidza uye kushandiswa kwemichina, kusungirirwa magungano uye kutakura, uyewo kune nzvimbo inotaridzirwa kudengenyeka panguva yekufambisa.
High-Temperature Corrosion:
Mafuta anoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi, injini dzedizieri nemimwe mitambo, ine vanadium kana sulfates inogona, panguva yekuvhenekera, chimiro chinosanganiswa nechosefu chinoputika. Izvi zvinokonzera zvakanyanya kune zvinyorwa zvesimbi zvinowanzogadzikana nekukwirira kwepamusoro uye kupisa, kusanganisira simbi isina kusina chinhu .
High-kutsika corrosion inogonawo kukonzerwa nehupamhi-kutakisa oxidization, sulfidation, uye carbonization.
Sources:
The Corrosion Technology Laboratory (NASA)
https://corrosion.ksc.nasa.gov/index.htm
NACE International
https://www.nace.org/home.aspx
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