Iyo mishonga yemishonga inofamba inopera
Zinc is metallic chemical element. Mukutengeserana, izwi rinoreva kuti zinc is spelter kunyange zvazvo izwi rinowanzoreva zinc alloy kana musanganiswa we zinc neimwe simbi. Iyo simbi ndeye makumi maviri nechina yakawanda yakawanda inowanikwa munyika. Zinc ine isotopes shanu dzakasimba. Isotopes ndiwo maitiro ehumwechete ane nhamba yakaenzana yeprotoni asi nhamba dzakasiyana dzeeutronti mumoyo yavo.
Saka, dzakasiyana neatomu asi kwete mumakemikari.
Mumwe musayendisiti weGermany, Andreas Margraf akawana zinc sesimbi muna 1746. Zvisinei, mazana emakore zvisati zvawanikwa kuwanikwa zinc ores zvakabudisa ndarira uye zinc makemikari. Izvi zvinokonzera mishonga yekurapa maronda anonyaradza uye maziso akaipa uye anoramba ari kushandiswa nhasi. Nokudaro, zinc yaiva yechisere yesimbi yakazivikanwa nevanhu. Kubvira panguva yegumi nembiri kusvika kumazana nemakore gumi nemazana matanhatu, India yakabudisa zinc ores uye zinc oxide. Nzvimbo yekutanga yeZinc smelter yakazarurwa muUnited Kingdom muBristol muna 1743.
Kugoverwa kwegore kamwe kwegore kune gore. Makumi makumi mashanu nemashanu kubva muzana ye zinc yakagadzirwa inoenda kugadzirisa simbi senzira yekudzivirira kurwisa. Zvigumi nezviviri kubva muzana zvinopinda mukugadzirwa kwendarira uye bhandi. Iyo yakasara inogadzirwa inoenda kune zinc-based alloys kuti igovera mhizha yekufa-kukanda uye yakashongedza zinc, kushandiswa kwemvura, sedenga, mapaipi, mari uye pamwe nekugadzirwa kwemakwenzi eZinc.
Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemigodhi dziri pasi pevhu. Zinc ore inofanira kunge yakanyanyiswa pamberi pevateleri vasati vabata. Kushungurudzika kunowanzoitika panzvimbo yeimiti kuitira kuti kuchengetedza kutakura mari pasi. Kazhinji, zinc concentrates dzine 55% zinc pamwe nemhangura, mutungamiri uye simbi zviripo. Zinc concentrates zvino yakagochwa uye inotungidzirwa kushandisa hydrometallurgical kana pyrometallurgical techniques.
Iyo yekucheka inobvisa sulfur kubva pane inogumira. Iko kusveta kunobvisa zvinyorwa kubva kune kuisa pfungwa, iyo inosanganisira iron, mutungamiri, sirivha uye mamwe emaminera.
China ndiyo inokonzera guru reZinc inoteverwa nePeru, Australia, United States, Canada neIndia. Iyi nyika nhanhatu inotarisa makumi manomwe kubva muzana yehuwandu hwegore rose hwekugadzira zinc. China ndiyo yakashambadzira zinciti yepasi pose. China inodya 30% yehuwandu hwegore negore rekugadzira, katatu kupfuura United States- mutengo wechipiri wepasi rose. Kuvaka zvivako zvekuChina zvinoda kushandiswa kwesimbi yakagadzirwa. Saka, apo hupfumi hweChina huri kukura mitengo yeZinc inowanzoenda mberi.
Misika yemakore akawanda yemakore mumatengo emitengo yakatanga kumativi ose ekutsva kwemireniyamu itsva yakatora zinc mitengo kubva pa $ 1 000 pamatani muna 2004 kusvika kune yepamusoro ye $ 4,000 neatani muna 2007. Muna 2014, mutengo wezinc wakapinda pakati pe $ 2 000 uye inenge madhora 2 400 per metric ton.
Ikozvino pane kukanganisa mumusika weZinc unovandudzwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kudiwa kuri kudarika zvinhu zvezvino izvozvi zvezvinhu. Mamwe mapoka makuru, ekukwegura achavhara muna 2015 uye vashandi vanoda minda yakakwirira kuti varuramise mari yekuwana nekuvandudza mitsva yeZinc.
Vashandi vangave vasingakwanisi kubudisa zinc yakakwana kuti vawane zvido zvemakambani ematare nevashandi vemari kusvikira muna 2018. 97.5% yepenari imwe yakaitwa neAmerican mint is zinc. Munguva iyi, misika yemasimba yakasimba muUnited States uye kuwedzera kwenyika yekutengesa motokari inowedzera kudiwa kwesimbi yakagadzirwa. Zvigadzirwa zve zinc paLondon Metal Exchange (LME) zvivigiro zvinodarika 21% gore rino zvichikwira kusvika kune matatu nehafu gore rinosvika munaJuly 2014. Kukundikana kwekugadzira kunogona kukonzera kudiwa kubuda kunze kwekutanga kubva muna 2007 apo mitengo yakasimuka kune vose -iyo yakakwirira. Kuwedzera kwekutsvaga uye kugoverwa kwekugadzirisa inowanzove muchengeti wemitengo yakakwirira.
Zinc ndiyo yechitatu inoshandiswa sedhimwe isina kushandiswa simbi paLME shure kwealuminium nemhangura. Misika yekutengesa yezinki inoreva zvakanyanya kuti inowanzo nyore kutengesa yakawanda yematare mumutengo wakaoma.
I- LME inopa mberi uye kusarudza zvibvumirano muZinc. Chibvumirano chimwe nechimwe chinomiririra makumi maviri nemashanu matani emhando yeLME brand yakagamuchirwa zinc pakuberekwa pazvigadzirwa zveLME zvinogamuchirwa pasi pose. ILME inopawo chibvumirano chechidiki chinomiririra matani mazana mashanu eZinc.
Zinc inowanikwa; tinowona muzvishongo zvesirivha, mumatairi emotokari uye kunyange muzuva. Zinc isimbi inoshandiswa zvakasiyana siyana uye kushandiswa.
Update on Zinc
Mutengo weZinc paLondon Metal Exchange yakavharwa musi waDecember 4 pa $ 1550 pamatani. Ichi chinokosha chesimbi chinotengeswa munguva yegore remakore matanhatu. Chikonzero chekushaya simba muzincini isimba reDhora reU.S. uye kushaya simba kune mutengi mukuru wepasi rose wesimbi, China .
Neine mutengo weZinc unowa, varairi vazhinji vanocheka michina yesimbi. Nyrstar, gurukota guru reEurope akazivisa kuti vari kupedza kubudisa mumigodhi mitatu yeUnited States. Izvi zvinogadziriswa pamigodhi yekambani yekambani iri muTennessee inoderedza zinc kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvinosvika mazana makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu pagore. Muna Gumiguru, izvo zvinotambudza kambani Glencore vakati ivo vari kuderedza zinc yakagadzirwa nematoni 500 000 pagore uye vane gumi vanochera veChinese vati munguva pfupi vanoti vaizoderedza michina yakaenzana muna 2016.
Mutengo wezvinhu zvishoma unokonzera kubudiswa kwezvokudya kana zvasvika kune zvinhu zvakawanda. Sezvo mutengesi webhebhu mune zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa, kupera kwekugadzira kuchapedzisira kwapa rubatsiro rwemisika. Kugovera uye kudai zvakakosha zvakakonzera kuti mitengo iwire mumisika zhinji yematare. Sezvo mutengo uchiwa, imwe yepamusoro mari yakabuda inova uneconomic. Kana mutengo wezvimwe zvinhu unowira pasi pekubhadhara mari, kukwira kunoderera. Zvisinei, chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mari yekugadzira simba. Sezvo mafuta uye gasi rechisikigo zvinowanikwa saizvozvo kuita mari yekugadzira. Izvi zvakaguma nekuenderera mberi kwezvinhu zvakaderera muZinc uye zvimwe zvematengesi uye zvekutengeserana.