- Kuchinja Kwemagariro
- Metal Selection uye Mamiriro Ezvinhu
- Cathodic Kudzivirirwa
- Corrosion Inhibitors
- Kupfeka
- Kupera
Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Ezvinhu
Kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nekubatana kwemakemikari pakati pematare uye inopera munzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Nokubvisa simbi kubva, kana kuchinja, rudzi rwemamiriro ezvinhu, kupera kwesimbi kunogona kuderedzwa pakarepo.
Izvi zvingave zvakajeka sekudzivirira kusangana nemvura kana mvura yegungwa nekuchengetedza midziyo yesimbi mukati maro kana kunogona kuva nenzira yekutsinhira zvakananga kwezvakatipoteredza zvine chokuita nesimbi.
Nzira dzokuderedza sulfuri, chloride kana kuti oksijeni zvayo munharaunda yakapoteredza zvinogona kukonzera kukurumidza kwesimbi yakashata.
Semuenzaniso, mvura yekupa mvura yemvura inoshandiswa inogona kurapwa nevadziviriri kana mamwe makemikari ehupenyu kuti agadzirise uoma, hukalinity kana kuti oksijeni zvakagadziriswa kuitira kuti kuderedza kuora mukati memuniti.
Metal Selection uye Mamiriro Ezvinhu
Hapana simbi inorasikirwa nehutachiona munzvimbo dzose, asi kuburikidza kuburikidza nekuongorora uye kuchinzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza izvo zvinokonzera kupisa , kushanduka kune rudzi rwesimbi kushandiswa kunogona kutungamirirawo pakugadziriswa kwakanyanya kwehurosi.
Dhigirii inonzi corrosion resistance data inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nemashoko pamusoro pezvakatipoteredza kuita zvisarudzo maererano nekukodzera kwesimbi imwe neimwe.
Kuburikidza kwezvitsva zvitsva, zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kurwisana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, zvinogara zvichigadzirwa. Hastelloy® nickel alloys, Nirosta ® steels , uye Timetal® titanium alloys ndeye mienzaniso yearroys yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kutura.
Kuongororwa kwemamiriro emamiriro ezvinhu kunotsvaga mukudzivirira pakurwiswa kwesimbi kuburikidza negorosi. Matanda, zvipfeko kana nzvimbo dzakashata, zvingava nemigumisiro yezvinodiwa zvekushanda, kupfeka uye kubvarura, kana kuti zvikanganiso zvekugadzira, zvose zvinogona kukonzera huwandu hwehutera hwekuguma.
Kuongorora kwakanaka uye kuparadzwa kwemazuva ano asingabviri, pamwe nekutora matanho ekusimbisa kuti zvirongwa izvi zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kushandiswa kwesimbi yakasanganiswa uye kuti zvinogadziriswa hazvisi kushandiswa pakuchenesa kana kuchengetedza nhengo dzesimbi zvosewo chikamu cherongwa hwekugadzirisa kupisa .
Cathodic Kudzivirirwa
Galvanic corrosion inowanikwa apo zvigadzirwa zviviri zvakasiyana zvakagadzikana pamwechete mumhepo inoputika.
Iyi dambudziko rinowanzoitwa nesimbi yakanyonganiswa pamwe chete mumvura yegungwa, asi rinogonawo kuitika apo maviri masimbi akabatanidzwa anosvibiswa pedyo pedo nenzvimbo isina mvura. Nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi, galvaniy corrosion inowanzotambudza ngarava, zvinyorwa zvekumavirira, uye mafuta nemafuta emagetsi.
Kudzivirira kweCathodic kunoshandiswa nekushandura nzvimbo dzisingadadi (dzinoshandiswa) nzvimbo panzvimbo yesimbi kusvika kune cathodic ((passive) nzvimbo kuburikidza nokushandiswa kwezvino. Izvi zvinopesana zvinopa magetsi emasikironi uye kushandisa maitiro anowanikwa munzvimbo ino kuti awedzere kugadziriswa kune zvingave zvekodhi dzemunharaunda.
Kudzivirira kweCathodic kunogona kutora maitiro maviri. Yokutanga ndiyo kuiswa kwe galvanic anodes. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa senzira yezvibayiro , inoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, zvichitaurirwa kumagetsi e electrolytic, kuzvipira (corrode) kuitira kuchengetedza cathode.
Kunyange zvazvo simbi inoda kuchengetedzwa inogona kusiyanana, zviyero zvezvibayiro zvinowanzogadzirwa nezinc , aluminium , kana kuti magnesium , zvishandisi zvinenge zvisinganyanyi kushandiswa magetsi. Iyo galvanic series inopa kuenzanisa kwemajairo e-electro-kana-masimba-akasiyana-esimbi uye alloys.
Muchibairo chezvibayiro, ion metal inotama kubva kune anode kusvika kune cathode, iyo inotungamirira anode kuratidzira nokukurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura zvingaita. Somugumisiro, anode inofanira kugara ichidzorerwa.
Chechipiri nzira yekudzivirirwa kwechigadziro inotumidzwa sechishamiso chekudzivirirwa ikozvino .
Iyi nzira, iyo inowanzoshandiswa kuchengetedza mapipayipi akavigwa uye ngarava dzinotakura, inoda imwe nzvimbo inotungamirirwa nehuwandu hwemagetsi kuti igoverwe kune electrolyte.
Izvo zvisingaiti zvachose zvisizvo zvinobva zvinobatana nesimbi, asi iyo yakagadzirirwa yakasungirirwa yakaiswa kune anode anobatsira, iyo inowedzerwa kugadzirisa dhigiriyuta. Kusiyana ne galvani (chibayiro) anode system, mumusangano unochengetedzwa wakadzivirirwa, inodeary anode haina kupiwa.
Corrosion Inhibitors
Corrosion inhibitors ndeye makemikari anoita nesimbi yevhu kana kuti zvipembenene zvakatipoteredza zvinokonzera kupisa, nokudaro, kukanganisa kemikari inokonzera iyo inokonzera kupisa.
Inhibitor inogona kushanda nekuzvitsvaira pamusoro pevhu resimbi uye kugadzira firimu inodzivirira. Aya makemikari anogona kushandiswa segadzirisheni kana sekudzivirira nekudzivirira kuburikidza nemaitiro ekupararira.
Iyo inhibitor nzira yekuderedza kupisa inobva pane:
- Kuchinja maitiro anodidicasi kana cathodic polarization
- Kugadzirisa kuparadzaniswa kweion kune zvesimbi
- Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwevhu resimbi
Mazuva ekupedzisira-kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi ekugadzirisa inhibitor ndeye petroleum refining, mafuta uye gasi kutsvaga, chigadzirwa chemakemikari uye nzvimbo dzokurapa mvura. Kubatsirwa kwehuroti inhibitor ndeyekuti inogona kushandiswa mu-situ kune zvishandiso sechigadzirisho chekugadzirisa kurwisa kusingatarisirwi.
Zvipfeko
Paints nezvimwe zvipfeko zvakashandiswa zvinoshandiswa kuchengetedza simbi kubva pakukanganisa kwemhepo inopisa. Zvipfeko zvakagadzirwa nehuwandu hwema polymer yakashandiswa. Zvose zvinowanikwa zvipfeko zvinosanganisira:
- Alkyd uye epoxy ester kupfeka iyo, kana mweya wakaoma, kukurudzira cross-link oxidation
- Zviviri-chikamu urethane kupfeka
- Yese acrylic uye epoxy polymer mazai anogadziriswa kupfeka
- Vinyl, acrylic kana styrene polymer pamwe nevhu rakaputika
- Kuzvishongedza kwemvura
- Yakasimba-yakashongedzwa
- Zvokuputira
Kupera
Kupfekedzwa kwesimbi, kana kupetera, kunogona kushandiswa kudzivirira kutura uye kupawo zvigadzirwa zvekushongedza, kupedza kupedza. Kune mavara mana akaenzana emarudzi ekupfekedzwa kwesimbi:
- Electroplating: Inenge yakaonda yesimbi - kazhinji nickel, tin , kana chromium - inosungirirwa pane substrate metal (kazhinji simbi) mumushamba we electrolytic. I electrolyte kazhinji inosanganisira mvura inogadzirisa ine simbi yesimbi inofanira kuiswa.
- Mechanical plating: Simba resimbi rinogona kutonhorera kusvibiswa kune imwe substrate metal nekudonha chikamu, pamwe chete nehupfu uye hurasi yegorosi, mune chirwere chinoputika. Mechanical plating inowanzoshandiswa kushandisa zinc kana cadmium kune zviduku zvesimbi
- Kusasvibiswa: Simbi yakashongedzwa, yakadai se cobalt kana nickel, inosungirirwa pasimbi ye substrate kushandiswa kwekemikari mune iyi isiri yemagetsi.
- Kupisa kwakatsva: Kana wakabhabhatidza mubhati rakanyungudutswa rekudzivirirwa, simbi yokuputika tsvina yakaoma inonamatira kune substrate metal.
Sources
Corrosionist.com. Kudzora Kudzora Nzira.
Kunobva: www.corrosionist.com
Nhungamiro Yekudzivirira Kuchengetedzwa . Auto / Steel Partnership. 1999.
Chinhu: http://www.a-sp.org/database/custom/cprotection/corrosionprotection.pdf