Dzidza Nezvemhangura

Chii chinonzi mhangura?

Mhangura isimbi yakagadzirwa neductile uye isingasviki iyo inokosha nokuda kwehupfumi hwayo uye magetsi . Zvinonyatsozivikaniswa nekuda kwechirwere chacho, goridhe mutsvuku, mhangura uye zvinyorwa zvaro , zvakashandiswa nevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore.

Pamusana pekubudirira kwayo semutungamiri wemagetsi, mhangura yava kunyanya kuwanika mumashandisirwo akafanana, kusanganisira pakutsvaira kwemisha yedu nemahofisi, uye mumatunhu, zvibatanidza, uye zvikamu zvinoita kuti zvese zvemagetsi zvinoshanda.

• Mamiriro
• Nhoroondo
• Kugadzirwa
• ASTM Dhidhiyo
• Mitengo
• Applications

Mamiriro

Mhangura yakachena isimbi yakajeka yakatsvuka-ine tsvuku iyo, iyo yakazarurirwa munzvimbo dzakashata, inogona kutora patina -rweded patina . Izvi zvakasvibirira zvemhangura sulphate (kana mhangura carbonate) inoguma kubva pamakemikari anoitwa nea alkalis, ammonia, sulfate makungu uye mvura inonaya yemvura.

Apo patina pamhangura chiratidzo chekuora , inoshanda kuchengetedza simbi kuti iwedzere kuora. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mhangura nemhangura zvendarira zvinowanzoshandiswa mumakungwa uye kushandiswa kwekugadzira.

Nhoroondo

Mhangura inofungidzirwa seimwe yezvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvinoshandiswa nevanhu. Chikonzero chikuru chekutsvaga kwayo uye kushandiswa kwekutanga ndechokuti mhangura inogona kuitika nenzira dzakachena.

Kunyange zvazvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvishandiso zvemhangura uye zvishongo zvekushongedza zvichibva kare kusvika 9 000 BC zvakawanikwa, uchapupu hwezvokuchera matongo hunoratidza kuti ndivo vaMeopotamiya vekare, avo vanenge makore 5000 kusvika 6000 apfuura, ndivo vakatanga kugadzirisa zvakakwana kukwanisa kubvisa nekushanda nemhangura .

Kusina ruzivo rwemazuva ano rwemasallurgy, mapoka ekutanga, kusanganisira vaMesopotamiya, vaIjipita uye vaAmerica vaAmerica, vakakoshesa simbi zvikuru pamusana pezvakanaka zvayo zvekunakidza, vachishandisa segoridhe nesirivha yekugadzirisa zvinhu zvekushongedza nemishonga.

Kugadzirwa

Mhangura inowanzobviswa kubva mumakisidi uye sulfide ores ari pakati pe 0.5 ne 2.0 muzana yemhangura.

Nzira dzokuchenesa dzinoshandiswa nevarimi vemhangura dzinoenderana nehuwandu hwemafuta, pamwe chete nedzimwe zvezvematongerwe enyika uye zvakatipoteredza. Parizvino, inenge 80 kubva muzana yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemhangura inobva pane sulfide.

Pasinei nehuwandu hwemafuta, mined yendarira ore inofanira kutanga yanyanya kuiswa kuti ibudise gangue, zvinhu zvisingadiwi zvakaputirwa mumutambo. Nhanho yekutanga mune iyi nzira iri kupwanya uye kupinzisa mafuta mubhokisi kana tsvimbo. Zvinenge zvose sulfide-yakadaro yemhangura yora, kusanganisira chalcocite (Cu ₂ S), chalcopyrite (CuFeS ₂ ) uye covellite (CuS), inoshandiswa nekufuta.

Mushure mekupwanya hura kusvika kuhupfu hwakatsetseka, iyo inobva yasungirwa ne froth flotation, iyo inoda kusanganisa mafuta ane pfumbu ne reagents zvinosanganisira nemhangura kuti iite hydrophobic. Musanganiswa wacho unoshambidzwa mumvura pamwe chete neine mhepo inopupuma, iyo inokurudzira kudonha.

Applications

Kubva pamagetsi edzimba magetsi ekugadzira zvikepe uye kubva kumasero e photovoltaic kuenda kune saxophones, mhangura uye zvinyorwa zvaro zvinoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvekupedzisira-kushandiswa. Kutaura zvazviri, kushandiswa kwesimbi mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakambani emakambani kwakaguma mune hutano hwekutsvaga huri kutendeukira kumatanda emhangura sechiratidzo chehutano hwehupfumi, zvichiita kuti moniker 'Dr. Copper '.

Kuti unzwisise zviri nani mapurisa akasiyana-siyana, Copper Development Association (CDA) yakarongedza mumagetsi mana ekushandisa: magetsi, kuvaka, kutakura nezvimwe. Iko yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemhangura pasi rose inoshandiswa nechikamu chimwe nechimwe inofungidzirwa neCDA kuva:

• Electrical 65%
• Kuvaka 25%
• Kutakura 7%
• Zvimwe 3%

Kunze kubva kune sirivha, mhangura ndiyo inonyatsoshanda mutori wemagetsi. Izvi, zvinosanganiswa nehuori hwekudzivirira, ductility, kusagadzikana, uye kukwanisa kushanda mukati mehutano hwakawanda hwemasimba, inoita simbi yakakosha yegetsi wiring.

> Sources

> European Copper Institute. Applications.
URL: http://copperalliance.eu/
The Copper Development Association Inc. Zvikumbiro
URL: https://www.copper.org/applications/
Schoolscience.co.uk. Mhangura - Inokosha Element. Copper Mining.
URL: http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/cda/14-16/cumining/copch2pg2.html