Izvo zvinogadzirisa zvinounza zvinowanzoita zvakanaka
Izwi rinotorwa neshoko rechiLatini nokuda kwemukati usina kudya. Kunyange zvazvo inowanzoreva nezvemakemikari anoita, patina inogona kureva kushembera kunokonzera kuora kwemhuka kana kupera.
Makomikari Akaitika muPatina
Sezvo zviitiko zvemhangura zvakasikwa kana kuti zvinokonzerwa nevanhu-zvinokonzera kuparadza, ruvara rwayo runoshanduka kubva kune chinyorwa, denderedzwa yegoridhe inowanzobatanidzwa nemhangura yakachena kune yakasvibira, uye, pakupedzisira, kune mavara ebhuruu uye ruvara.
Maikemikari anoita izvo zvinounza patina zvinowanzoita sewaini uye cupric sulphide kutendeuka mafirimu inobudirira ne cupric oxide pamusoro pesimbi, nokudaro, inosvibisa nzvimbo yacho.
Kuenderera mberi kusvibiswa kwe sulfuri nemafuta inoshandura sulfide mafirimu kusvika kumhangura sulfate, iyo iri bhuruu yakasiyana muvara. Munzvimbo ye saline, kana maritime, nzvimbo, nzvimbo patina inogonawo kuva nemhangura yechloride, iyo iri mumvuri wegorosi.
Kuchinja uye ruvara rwetina rinowanzogadziriswa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kutonhora, urefu hwekutsvaira, humidity, makemikari uye nzvimbo yepamusoro yemhangura. Zvisinei, kazhinji, kushanduka kwebhuruu-green patina mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana kunogona kuiswa muchidimbu sezasi:
- Mvura yemunyu: 7-9 makore
- Mamiriro ezvematunhu: makore mashanu nemashanu
- Mamiriro ekumaruwa: makore gumi nezviviri
- Chenesa nzvimbo: kusvika makore makumi matatu
Chengetedza munzvimbo dzakarongedzerwa, kuburikidza kwekushandiswa kwepa patina hakugoni kudzivirirwa zvakakwana nevarnishes kana zvimwe zvipfeko zvisingagadziviriri.
Patina muGeology
Mumunda we geology, patina inogona kureva zvinhu zviviri zvinogoneka. Ndiyo yakarongedzwa yakaonda kunze kwepamusoro kana firimu iyo inoumba padombo remvura, zvichienderana nekunaya ganda rekuchenesa (rinopfekedzwa machena) kana kunyura kwemhepo. Dzimwe nguva patina inobva mukubatanidzwa kwemamiriro maviri aya.
Patina mu Architecture
Nemhaka yekutaridzika kwetina kunofadza, mhangura nemhangura emhangura, kusanganisira ndarira, zvinowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira mapurani.
Zvivako zvinozivikanwa zvinoratidzira tani temavara-bhuruu patina zvinosanganisira Statue of Liberty muNew York City, yeCanada Paramende Buildings muOttawa, NEMO Science Center muAmsterdam, Minneapolis City Hall, Peckham Library muLondon, Capital Museum muBeijing, uye Kresge Auditorium kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Zvishandiso zveKubata Patina
Sezvo inoda chivakwa chekuvakira, kukura kwe patina kunowanzokurudzirwa kuburikidza nekurapwa kwemakemikari yemhangura kuvezwa kana kupisa. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa sekunamatira. Maererano neCopper Development Association (CDA), kurapa kunotevera kwave kushandiswa kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemakemikari kunotungamirira kukura kwekutanga kwetina:
Nokuda kwemavara epepuru ekupedzisira:
- Ammonium sulfide base
- Potassium sulfide base
Nokuti veritini patina inogumisa:
- Ammonium sulfate base
- Ammonium chloride base
- Nhamba ye chloride / hydrochloric acid base