Chii chinonzi metalloids?
Metalloids, kana semi-metal, iboka rezvikamu zvine zvinhu zvose zvesimbi uye zvisiri zvesimbi.
Izvi zvinotevera zvitanhatu zvinowanzoonekwa sedsimbiloids:
Properties:
Metalloids inobhururuka, inoyevedza metallic elements inoratidza semiconductive properties.
Kusiyana nesimbi, zvisinei, hazvirevi kana kuti ductile. Uye, kunyange zvazvo vasingakurumidzi kusungirira nesimbi, imwe metalloid inosanganiswa inosanganiswa nemamwe mativi esimbi kuti aumbe alloys.
Applications:
Kuva wakanyanyisa uye usina simba pamabasa ekugadzirisa, metalloids inowanzoshandiswa mumakemikari, emagetsi, uye kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi.
Germanium uye silicon zvaive zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwekutanga kwekushandura kwemakore ekupedzisira kwema1940 uye, kusvikira nhasi, chikamu chinokosha che semiconductors uye yakasimba-state electronics.
Metallic antimony inowanzoshandiswa mune zvinyorwa zvakadai sepewter uye babbitt, asi maitiro emakemikari antimony anoshandiswa sechiedza chinopisa moto muzvipurastiki nezvimwe zvinhu.
Tellurium inoshandiswa senhengo inoshandiswa kuti ivandudze kushandiswa kwemamwe mapurisa, uyewo mune electro-thermal uye photovoltaic yekushandisa nemhaka yehutano hwakasiyana hwehutsika hunoita.
Boron, chinhu chakaoma kwazvo, chinoshandiswa se dopant mu semiconductors, senhengo yekubatanidza mune zvisingaperi zvisingaoneki magasi enyika, uyewo mune zvinyorwa uye chemikisi (eg Borax).
Uyewo inoshandiswa sedopant mune dzimwe semiconductors, arsenic inowanzowanika musimbi yealloys ine mhangura uye mutungamiri iyo inoshanda semushandi anosimbisa.
Etymology:
Izwi rokuti 'metalloid' rinobva kuLatin metallum , rinoreva simbi, uye oeides , zvinoreva 'kufanana nenzira uye maitiro'.