Tin, First Alloying Element

The First Alloying Element

Tin (Sn) yakatanga kushandiswa sechinhu chinoshandiswa chechigadziko nemhangura kuti igadzire bronze, iyo inonyanya kukonzerwa kupfuura mhangura uye yakagonesa kusikwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma. Icho chinyoro chinopfava nemucheka wakajeka wesirivha uye yakanyanya kupisa mumhepo nemvura. Tin's corrosion resistance inobatsira kushanda mumhangura uye kuvhara mashizha, sechinhu chinogara kwenguva refu chekugadzirisa magetsi, uye sekudzivirira kune zvimwe zvimbi.

Proper Properties

• Simba : Tin ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakashata zvakanyanya. Iwe unogona, semuenzaniso, bendai kana kupwanya tini rinogona nemaoko enyu asina maoko. Iyi pfuma haina kubvumira tini kuti ishandiswe payo sechimiro chesimbi.
• Ductility : Tin isimbi yakanyanya ductile muchitonho chemukati, uye inogonawo kunetseka . Kana ichinyorova pasi pemasero makumi mashanu Fahrenheit, tin tinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kune imwe zita rinonzi "beta tin" kune "alpha tin," iyo isiri duku ductile. Tin inowedzerawo ductile inopfuura 392 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Kubudirira: Tin uye mamwe emasero ayo anonyanya kufambisa magetsi. Inopfuura hafu yesimbi yakashandiswa mukushanda inopera mukugadzirisa pakugadzira magetsi.

Nhoroondo

Nzira yekutanga, yendarira, yakawanikwa yakapoteredza 5000 BC. Inoumbwa nemhangura uye 5-12% yeatini kuburikidza nekuyera uye yakashandura nzira yakashandiswa nemhangura yemhangura. Kuwedzerwa kwetini kunoita kuti bhhironi riwedzere uye rakaoma kupfuura mhangura yakajeka.

Pewter, imwe tini alloy, yakashandiswa zvikuru kusvikira makore mazana maviri nemaviri akapfuura mukubika nokudya midziyo. Pakati pepakati, tini yaizivikanwa se stannum, iyo ndiyo yakatanga chiratidzo chemazuva ano, Sn.

Muzana remakore rechi19 ne20, mamwe maitiro akasiyana eatini akabuda. Electroplating yakatanga kusimbiswa munenge muna 1850 uye inoshandiswa kuchengetedza michina yakasvibiswa iyo yakanakisisa muviri kupfuura tin.

Muenzaniso weiyi ndeyekudya kwemazuva ano kunogona, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vavo vachigadzirwa nhasi kubva kune-less-expensive aluminium. Muma1950, Sir Alastair Pilkington akagadzira nzira iyo girazi rakanyunguduka rinotenderera pamusoro peti tini yakanyungudutswa, zvichigadzira girazi rakajeka pamusoro pehwindo.

Tin muMusika

ITRI, boka rezvitini rinokurudzira boka, rinoshuma kuti 340,000 matani mafupi ematini anodyiwa pasi gore negore. Maererano nekutsvakurudza kweITRI, zvikumbiro zveatini zviri mukutengesa uye sekutengesa, zvichienzanisa 60% yehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwematin.

Tin haisi kuitika zvakasununguka uye inofanira kubviswa kubva kune ores. Mirivha yeirivha inonyanya kuitika muChina, Indonesia, Peru, Brazil, uye Bolivia. LME inoshandisa tini yakachena nepaundi. Maererano neCentralPrices.com, 15 000 maitiro mashoma ematini akadzokidzwa zvakare muna 2008.

Common Alloys

• Mhangura: 5-12% Sn kuburemu. Inoshandiswa mumari yemari, makandira nemifananidzo.1

• Pewter: 85-99% Sn nekurema. Rinoshandiswa kunyanya nhasi muzvinhu zvekushongedza.
• Tin-lead lead solder: 5-70% Sn nekurema.

Mashoko Anofadza

• Tin-plated teyii yaionekwa seimwe dzakanakisisa munyika kubva pakati pemakore ekuma1800 kusvika kuma1950 apo mapepa epurasitiki akapinda mumusika.
• Chinhu chinonakidza pamusoro peti tin ductility chiitiko chinonzi "tin kuchema." Apo tini iri kuvhara, inobva yatora misungo yakanyanyisa-pa-bhodhi rwiyo. Izvo zvinowanzoitika nokuti zvikamu zvemasikorole mumatare zviri kutaridzirana pane imwe uye nekugadzirisazve, zvinonziwo sejinga, zvichibvumira simbi kupfugama pasina kuputsa.