Cobalt , iyo inonyanya kubudiswa sechinhu-chigadzirwa nickel nemhangura ores, inodyiwa yakawanda muDemocratic Republic of the Congo, China, Russia, Canada neAustralia.
Cobalt yokugadzira zvinhu, zvisinei, hazviwanzowani pedyo pedyo nemigwagwa yemigodhi. Pane kudaro, vakuru vanogadzirisa vanotenga cobalt kuisa pfungwa kubva kumigodhi yakasiyana-siyana uye ngarava kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo.
Muna 2014, chibage chepasi rose chakaita 91,754 metric tonnes (MT). Vane mapfumbamwe vakakurumbira kune vashandi, pamwe neChina, vakatora zvikamu zvinopfuura makumi mana zvezvikamu izvi.
Asi, kubudisa mashamba kubva kune vanhu vazhinji vekuChinese vanogadzirisa zvakaoma kuwana. Chiito chekushandura chiChinese, saka, chakabatanidzwa pasi pehurukuro imwe chete muurongwa huri pasi apa.
Nhamba dzezveruzhinji dzakabva pane nhamba dzakapiwa neCobalt Development Institute.
Zvigadziriswa cobalt zvikwereti zvekugadzira zvegore ra2014 zvinoratidzwa mumataundi ematanhatu kune zita rimwe nerimwe rekambani.
01 China (Various) - 39,292MT
Kuwedzerwa kwakakura mune simba reChinese cobalt kuchenesa pamusoro pemakore gumi apfuura kwaita kuti nyika ive nyika yakakura yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, kuverenga kwemakore makumi mana kubva muzana pasi rose zvakabuda.
02 Freeport Cobalt (Finland) - 11 452MT
Freeport yaKokkola cobalt yekuchenesa muFinland inonyanya kubudisa makemikari emakemikari ye pigment, ceramic, metallurgy powder, bateri uye mamwe maitiro emakemikari.
Kuvandudzwa kwakawanikwa kubva kuW OM Group, Inc. muna 2013 nehurumende yakatungamirirwa na Freeport-McMoRan uye kusanganisira Tenke Fungurume Mining, Lundin Mining Corp, uye Gecamines. Iko zvino inoshanda seFreeport Cobalt.
Iri boka rinewo danda guru redziyo uye rinoshandisa Tenke Fungurume Mine muDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Izvi zvinopa maKokkola nehuwandu hwekugovera cobalt.
03 Glencore (Various) - 9,300MT
Basa reGlencore muNikkelverk, Norway ndiyo inoshambadza zvikuru nickel yekuchenesa kumavirira. Nickel inotarisa ine cobalt, pamwe negoridhe, platinum , uye palladium , inotengeswa kubva kumigodhi muCanada (Sudbury uye Raglan) uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzekudya zvinowanikwa pakugadzirisa.
Iyo kambani inewo nzvimbo yakakura yekodalt yokugadzira zvinhu muMinara, Australia, uye Katanga, DRC.
Kambani yakagadziriswa cobalt yakawanikwa inenge 10 muzana yehuwandu hwepasi rose muna 2014.
04 Umicore (Belgium) - 5,850MT
Specialty metal refiner Imicore inonatsa cobalt yeCobalt yayo uye Specialty Materials (CSM) pamakamuri ayo muBelgium neChina. Iyo kambani iri kuchenesa uye kutengesa michero ye cobalt kubva muna 1912 uye inopfuura kudarika mbiri yakabuda yakabuda kubva muna 2010.
05 Chambishi / ENRC (Zambia) - 4,317MT
Chambishi Metals PLC mutori wenyika yeZambian uye cobalt inoshandiswa ne ENRC Group (90% pfuma). Dhizimisi yezvemigodhi, kubhadhara, uye kuchenesa zvose zviri mukati meZambia, apo kutengesa nekushambadzira kunochengetwa ne Dubai-based Comit Resources FZE.
Chambishi's 2014 cobalt production yakaderera ne14 kubva muzana kubva muna 2013 kusvika 4,317MT.
06 Sumitomo (Japan) - 3,654MT
Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. (SMM) inoshandiswa neSititomo Group, imwe yenyika yeJapan yainzi keiretsu , kana mabhizinesi ebhizinesi.
Imwe tsvina yakawanda uye inonatsa yemhangura, nickel negoridhe, SMM ine 27.5 muzana yehuwandu muImbatovy Nickel Project muMadagascar, pamwe chete naSherritt International uye Korea Resources Corp.
Iihama Nickel Refinery yekambani iyi electrolytic nickel uye cobalt muJapan. Ndihwo huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwegore ra2015 kupfuura 25 kubva mugore kubva mugore risati rasvika 3654MT.
07 Sherritt / ICCI (Canada) - 3,210MT
Sherritt International yeCanada ine chikamu che50 muzana muMoa Joint Venture (Cuba) uye inenge 40 muzana mubato reAmbatovy (Madagascar).
Iko Moa Joint Venture iyi inobatanidza-nickel pamwe nekushanda kwecobalt inosanganisira makambani matatu: The Cobalt Refinery Company (CRC), International Cobalt Company Inc. (ICCI) uye Moa Nickel SA.
Zvinyorwa zvinodhindwa nemachirongwa eSherritt naGeneral Nickel Company SA pane imwe gomba rakazaruka remasiteliti emagetsi kuCuba. Inogadziriswa nickel uye cobalt inotumirwa kunzvimbo yeSherritt's Fort Saskatchewan yekuchenesa.
08 Ambatovy (Madagascar) - 2,915MT
IU US $ 7 biliyoni dollar Ambatovy mami uye kunatswa kwakaisa Madagascar pamapuraneti epasi rose. Kutengeserana kwemabhizimisi kwakatanga muna 2014, asi Ambatovy ichiri kukwira kusvika kune zvakakonzerwa gore negore yekugadzirwa kwe 60 000 tonnes yeanickel yakanatswa uye tani 5,600 yekunatswa kobalt.
Ambatovy ishamwari yekambani ina - Sherritt International Corporation (40%) uye SNC-Lavalin Incorporated (5%) kubva kuCanada, Sumitomo Corporation (27.5%) kubva kuJapan, neKorea Resources Corporation (27.5%) kubva kuKorea.
09 Queensland Nickel PL (Australia) - 2,519MT
Queensland Nickel inoshandisa Palmer Nickel uye Cobalt Refinery (inozivikanwawo kuti Yabulu), iri makiromita anenge 25 (16 mi) kuchamhembe kweKedsville, Queensland.
Kushanda kubva muna 1974, kunatswa kwave kwakatenderera kune imwe yenyika inobva kuNew Caledonia, Indonesia, nePhilippines kubvira muna 1986.
Ore inotakuriswa kuburikidza nePort of Townsville kusvika kunatsirizwa nechitima apo cobalt inonatswa uye inotengeswa secheneswa feedstock kune cobalt makemikari makhizha.
10 Norilsk Nickel (Russia) - 2,186MT
Norilsk Nickel ndiyo inokonzera guru guru renyika uye palladium uye imwe yevashandi vakakura ve cobalt, platinum, uye mhangura.
Imwe nyanzvi yekambolt yekambani ndiyo Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company, nePolar Division uye Norilsk Nickel Harjavalta (Finland).
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