Iko ndarama inowanikwa

Kunze kwebasa rayo sesimbi kana chinhu, ndarama ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekare dzekutsinhanisa dzinozivikanwa kuvanhu. Zvechokwadi, ndarama ine basa reviri sezvose zviriko uye mari. Ndarama ine zvinhu zvinoshamisa, sesimbi, iyo inonyorera, yakaoma, inopenya, inobwinya, ductile uye inogona kumira. Nguva yeNeolithic, makore gumi nezviuru nemazana akapfuura apfuura, yakaratidza kuwanikwa kokutanga kwegoridhe mune maitiro ayo chaiwo mumvura.

Zvishongo zvegoridhe, kunyanya zvipfeko zvakavezwa zvakavezwa zvakagadzirwa nemapuranga akavezwa, zvakadzokera kuChete Age.

Nhoroondo & Symbolism

Kubvira kare, mararamiro akachiva goridhe. Kunyange nanhasi, ndarama inoramba iri mubayiro mukuru. Ndarama haisi mubayiro chete uye chiratidzo cheupfumi ndiyo chirevo. Mukukwikwidza uyo anopedzisa munzvimbo yekutanga anogamuchira medari yegoridhe. Mwoyo wegoridhe ndewevanhu vane mutsa. Kadhi rechikwereti chegoridhe rine huwandu hwakawanda kupfuura kadhi. Kushandiswa kwezvikwata zvegoridhe kunomiririra rudo uye muchato munzanga dzakawanda. Goridhe ndiyo chiratidzo chikuru chekupedzisira kwekubudirira kwevanhu. Nhasi ino inoramba iine bharometer yepfungwa yemusika manzwiro. Ndarama isimbi isina kuwanikwa. Munhoroondo yenyika, migodhi yakabudisa matani 165 000 chete. Ichokwadi chokuti hurumende kumativi ose enyika inoita goridhe sechinhu chekutsinhanisa kune dzimwe nyika inoratidza kukosha kwesimbi. Pamusoro pezvakaitika kare, hurumende dzakawanda dzakashandisa goridhe kuti dzidzorere mari dzavo dzichigadzira chiyero chegoridhe.

Zvisinei, nhasi hurumende dzichichengetedza masheji esimbi, hapana anoishandisa kuti adzorere mapepa emari. Dhora reUnited States ndiyo inofanirwa kutengesa maitiro emucheka wejena. Nokudaro, kune ukama hunokosha pakati pemutengo wegoridhe uye kukosha kwemari yeUnited States.

Ndarama vs. Dollar

Ndarama inokosha. Sezvo zvakadaro, ine chinhu chinokosha. Zvisinei, kukosha ikoko kunogona kuchinja kwechinguva - imwe nguva mufashoni. Sezvo mutemo, apo kukosha kwedhora kunowedzera kune dzimwe nyika mari pasi rose, mutengo wegoridhe unowedzera kuwira mumadhora e US. Nokuti ndarama inodhura yakawanda mune dzimwe mari. Sezvo mutengo wezvimwe zvinhu zvinowedzera zvakakwirira, ikoko kunowanzova nevatengi vashomanana, mune mamwe mazwi, vanoda kutorwa. Kusiyana naizvozvo, sezvo kukosha kwedhora reUnited States kunofambisa pasi, ndarama inowanzoyemura sezvo inodhura mune dzimwe mari. Chido chinowedzera kuwedzera pamatengo akaderera.

Imwe nzira yekutarisa ukama uhwu ndeyekuti kune vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 320.5 muUnited States apo huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu huri pasi pe7.2 bhiriyoni. Vanodarika 5% yenyika vanogara mune imwe nyika umo dhora reU.S. ndiyo mari yenyika. Basa regoridhe seari mari inowanikwa munyika yose. Kunyange zvazvo mari yeAmerica yemari yegoridhe ndiyo inofanirwa kubvumirwa, 95% yenyika inofanira kushandura kukosha kwesimbi kune zvekunze kwenyika.

Munyika yose, munhoroondo uye nhasi, ndarama mari. Muzivi wekare Aristotle akanyora kuti mari inofanirwa kuva yakasimba, isingaoneki, isingagumi, yakagadzikana uye inowanikwa inayo pachayo.

Ndarama inosangana nezvose izvi. Kunyange zvazvo ukama huri pakati pehuwandu hwemadhora eAmerica negoridhe hunokosha, dhora harisi iro chete rinoita kuti mutengo wesimbi inokosha. Nharaunda dzinofadza dzinobatawo mutengo wegoridhe. Ndarama haibvumiri kuzvifarira; saka, inofanira kukwikwidzana nemari inotakura zvinhu zvekuda. Kana zvikwereti zvinokwira zvichikwirira, mutengo wegoridhe unowedzera kuwira sezvazvinodhura zvakawanda kutakura simbi - mune mamwe mazwi, zvimwe zvinhu zvinotayira kudiwa kwakawanda nekuda kwechido chavo chekuita.

Ndarama inyanzvi yakawanda. Mutengo wegoridhe unowanzotarisana nehuwandu hunofanirwa hunoonekwa hwemafi kana mapepa emari mumashoko akawanda. Munguva dzenguva dzekutya kana kugadzirisa mhirizhonga, mutengo wezvakaitika zvesimbi zvinowanzosimudza sekutenda hurumende dzinowa.

Munguva dzekudzikama, mutengo wegoridhe unowanzowa. Sezvo zvichida mari yekare kare uye yakawanda yakawanda, ndarama inokosha kuburometer maererano nehupfumi hwepasi pose uye zvematongerwo enyika. Nokudaro, mutengo wegoridhe unogona kuenda kumusoro kana pasi zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinhu. Ichokwadi chokuti dhora reU.S. ndiyo chiratidzo chekutengeserana kwegoridhe munyika yose chinotungamirira kuhukama hwakakosha hwahwo huna nesimbi. Mazuva ose mari yekutengesa mutengo mubhadharo yeUnited States inowanzokonzera mutengo wegoridhe.