Zinc inogadzirwa sei?
Inenge dzose zinc yakanatswa nhasi (inopfuura 95 muzana) inotorwa kubva kune sphalerite (ZnS), zvichida inonzi ziinc blende.
Sphalerite ores inowanzova pakati pe5 ne15 muzana zinc. Kuti uwane izvi munzvimbo yakachena inogona kushandiswa nevatengi, simbi inofanira kuparadzana, yakanyatsogadziriswa uye yakanatswa muine fomu yakachena yesimbi. Chero inonzi hydro-metallurgical kana pyro-metallurgical zvinogona kuita izvi, zvisinei, zvinopfuura 90 muzana zvekugadzirwa kwezvino iko zvino inobva ku hydrometallurgical plants.
Kana imwe nguva yakasungwa, zinc ore inopwanyika kuva mupfu uye yakasarudzwa kubva kutungamira kuburikidza ne froth flotation. Utungamiri nedzimwe simbi, zvakadai sesirivha, iyo inogona kunge iripo mumutoro mune zvakawanda zvinogadziriswa ichabudiswa uye inobatwa zvakasiyana.
Izvo zvakasara zvinogadziriswa zvichava pakati pe1 kusvika ku15 muzana zinc, asi kuchengetedza zvakasvibiswa zvine sulfur (inenge 30 peresenti) iyo inofanira kubviswa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekucheka maori anopwanyika pamatambo anosvika 1652 ° F (900 ° C), zvichibudisa zinc oxide (ZnO) uye sulfur dioxide.
Kana maitiro e-hydro-metallurgical anoshandiswa, zinc oxide inobva yatumirwa kubva kune imwe calcin iko kushandisa sulfuric acid. Kunyange zvazvo zinc inoputika muidyidhe, mutungamiri uye sirivha hazvina kushandiswa uye simbi inopera.
Zincuru guru rinowanikwa kuti ribatsire kuchenesa mhinduro kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwegadziriro isati yasarudzwa.
Achishandisa lead alloy anodes uye aluminium cathodes, zinc-rich solution is electrolysed zvichiita kuti zinc iise paaluminium.
Izvi zvinobva zvabviswa, zvakanyungudutswa uye zvinokandirwa muzviputi nezvitsvene zve 99.95 kusvika 99.995 kubva muzana kana zvakananga zvakashandiswa nemhangura, aluminium kana magnesium .
Zinc yepanyama inoshandiswa paLondon Metal Exchange (LME) inofanira kusangana nepamusoro-grade zinc tsanangudzo ye 99.995 muzana.
Kunyange zvazvo maitiro e-pyro-metallurgical achiri kushandiswa mumiti yakasiyana-siyana, iyo nzira inowedzera simba yakawanda uye inodhura.
Imperial Smelting Corporation yakagadzira nzira mukati ma1940 nema1950 iyo yakaderedza zinc uye inotakura simbi kuburikidza nekasi mukati mekugadzirwa kwevira.
Iyo nzira, inonzi iyo Imperial Smelting, inosanganisira kunya zinc uye kutungamirira sulphide, iyo inowanzoitika pamwechete, kuitira kuti ibudise maoriji. Iyo zinc nematafura emutobvu zvino inopomerwa muhuni yevira nekabivha.
Sezvo mhepo inopisa inopinda muvira, carbon carbon monoxide uye dioxide mhepo ine zinc inokwira mumumvuri uye inotonhora mumutobvu inopisa ganda. Iyo zinki inobatwa nemutambo wakanyungudutswa, uyo unenge wavhenekera, zvichibvumira kuti zinc dzifambe pamusoro.
Iyo zinc yakatsetseka inodururwa uye inokandwa apo mutungamiri anotumirwa kudzokera kumudzidzi.
Maererano neHome International Zinc Association, zvipenga zve Imperial Smelting zviripo zvino zvichishanda muChina, India, Japan, uye Poland.
Kunze kubva pakuchenesa zinc kubva kunotora (primary production), simbi inogona zvakare kushandiswazve kubva kune zvisikwa (sechutu yekugadzira). Chinenge chikamu chimwe chete kubva kune zinc yose inoshandiswa iko zvino inobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Simba reArc magetsi, iro rinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zvishandiso zvesimbi , rinogonawo kutora zinc iripo mu galvanized steels.
Sezvo muImperial Smelting zvivako, kutonhora kwakanyanya mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi kunopisa vaporize zinc, zvichiita kuti ikwire nemagasi anogona kuunganidzwa. Kubudirira mu rotary kiln (Waelz kiln) inobereka zinc oxide iyo inogona kudyidzwa zvakare muchigadzirwa cheloop.
Zincinyika yepasi rose yezvigadzirwa zvemitengo yaiva mamiriyoni 13,7 mamiriyoni muna 2013, asi nyika yose yakanatswa zinc metal yakabuda yaive mamiriyoni 13,0 mamiriyoni panguva imwecheteyo. Inenge mamiriyoni matatu ematoni, kana zvishoma nechechina chikamu chechina chekugadzirwa kwepasi rose, yakabva kune zvinyorwa zvakare.
Nenyika, mucheri mukuru weincini yakanatswa iri China, inotora makumi mana kubva muzana yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwenyika, inoteverwa neEurope neKorea.
Nekambani, vaparidzi vakakurumbira veincini yakanatswa ndeye Nyrstar, Glencore uye Korea Zinc.
Nzvimbo dzakakura zvikuru dzezinc ores dziri China, Australia nePeru.
Sources:
International Lead & Zinc Study Group. Kudzokorora kweTends muna 2013: Zinc . February 17, 2014.
International Zinc Association. Zinc Kuchengetedza Zvinhu: Zvinhu Zvokushandisa . 2011.
URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20140802220949/http://www.zinc.org/basics/zinc_recycling
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