IFOMC inogadzirisa chinangwa chekudyidzana kwemari mari mushure mekuongorora nezvezvino mari yehupfumi. Iyo inodyidzwa mari inotengeswa iyo inotora chikwereti mari inoshandiswa kune mumwe kune imwe nguva yezvikwereti. Izvo zvikwereti zvinonzi kudyidzwa mari . Mabhangi anoshandisa mari iyi kuti asangane ne federal reserve inotarisirwa usiku humwe.
Kana vasina zvikwaniro zvakakwana, vachakwereta mari yakadyiwa inodiwa.
Sezvo mabhenji akaisa chiyero, Fed inenge ichigadzirisa chinangwa chechidimbu ichi chinokosha. Nomutemo, mabhenji anogona kugadzirisa chero zvavanoda. Asi izvi hazviwanzo chinetso cheFed. Mabhangi anosangana neChirongwa cheFed nokuti Fed inovapa mitemo yakawanda yakasimba yekuita kudaro.
Maonero Ekuti Fed Convinces Mabhenji Anokwidza Mari Yadzo
Chinhu chinonyanya kukurudzira chikafu chemakambani yakasununguka . Ndiyo apo Fed inotenga kana kutengesa zvigumisiro, kazhinji US Treasurys, kubva kumabanki ayo. Mukudzoka, inowedzera chikwereti kune, kana kubvisa chikwereti kubva, mabhangi 'emari.
Kana Fed yaida kuderedza mari yakadyiwa mari, inotora zvigadziro kubva kunze kwebhengi uye inoshandiswa nekwereti. Izvo zvakaita semari kubhengi. Iye zvino bhangi ine zvigadziri zvakakwana kuti zvizadzise zvido zvayo. Bhizinesi rinotadzisa kudyidzana kwekubhadhara mari yekutengesa kubhadhara zvimwe zvigadziro kune mamwe mabhangi.
Icho chichaderedza chiyero chakadzika sezvakakosha kuti ibvise zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Zvinogona kunge zvichiita mashomanana mashoma achikweretesa kupfuura kuti akagara pamutsara wayo asina kuwana chinhu.
Iko mari inopesana iyo inoda kusimudza mitero. Inowedzera zvikwereti kumabhangi emabhangi uye inotora chikwereti. Iye zvino bhangi inofanira kukwereta mari yakawanda kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti yakwana zvakakwana pamaoko kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa usiku ihwohwo.
Kana mabanki akakwana ari kukwereta, avo vanogona kukweretesa mari yakawedzerwa mari ichasimudza mari yakadyiwa mari.
I Federal Reserve Bank yeNew York ine dhipatimendi rekutengesa rinoita izvi zuva rimwe nerimwe. Madzi maviri evatengesi nevatsvakurudzi vanocherechedza kufarira kwemazuva ose. Kwemaminitsi makumi matatu ekutanga mangwanani oga oga, vanogadzirisa huwandu hwekuchengetedza uye chikwereti mumabhengi emari kuitira kuchengetedza mari inodyidzana nehuwandu mukati mezvakatarwa.
IFed inogadzirisa denga rekudyidzana mari inoshandiswa nehuwandu hwekutengesa . Ndizvo zvinotambirwa neFed mabhanki anokwereta zvakananga kubva pahwindo rekudzikinura . Iyo Dhenda inotarisa kuderedza kwemazinga ekukwirira kudarika iyo inodyidzwa mari inowanikwa Inosarudza mabhengi ekubhadhara kubva kune mumwe. Iko kunotswa kwemadiresi inogadzirisa chikamu chepamusoro pane chekudya mari inowanikwa. Hapana bhengi rinogona kutengesa muzinga wepamusoro. Kana vakadaro, mamwe mabhengi achangokwereta kubva kuFed.
Nzira Iyo Financial Crisis Yakachinja Nzira Iyo Fedha Inomutsa Mitengo
IFed yaifanira kushandisa matanho asinganzwisisiki ekudzosera mararamiro muna 2007 Banking Crisis . Mukupera kwegore ra2008, Fed yakaderedza mari yakabhadharwa kusvika ku 0.25 muzana. Izvozvo zvinoshanda zero. Yakachengeta iyo ipapo kusvikira kuderedza kwaive kwakachengeteka. MunaDisemba 2015, yakasimudza chiyero kusvika ku 0.50 muzana. Gore rakatevera, rakawedzera kusvika ku 0.50 muzana.
Muna 2016, yakamutsira ku 0.75 muzana. Komiti yakasimudza chikamu katatu muna 2017. Ikozvino yakadyidzwa mari yakawanda inenge 1.5 muzana. Komiti yakati ichasimudza mitero kusvika ku 2.00 muzana muna 2018, 2.50 muzana muna 2019, uye 3.00 muzana muna 2020.
Dambudziko muna 2008 raive rakaoma zvokuti Fed yaidiwa kuti iwedzere zvakanyanya mashizha ayo ega kuwedzera kuwedzera. Kwemakore matanhatu anotevera, kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kunowedzera $ 2.6 triliyoni mukwereti kumabhengi emari. Mabhanki akanga asati aine chikwereti kubva kune mumwe nemumwe kuti asangane nechisarudzo chinodiwa. Munhu wose aiva nemari yakawanda. Izvi zvakachengetedza chiyero chekunenge 0.13 muzana, zvakanaka mukati meChit targets.
Sezvo mabhengi ane mari yakawanda, haaine chikonzero chikuru chekukweretesa kune mumwe nemumwe kuti asangane nechisarudzo chinodiwa. Nokudaro, Dheta ichaita zvimwe zvinhu zviviri kusimudza mitero.
Kutanga, ichasimudza chikwereti chaanotora icho chairipa pane zvinodiwa uye zvakanyanya. Mabhanho haazokweretesa mari kune mumwe nemumwe nekuda kwechikwereti chechidari kudarika ivo vari kutogamuchira kare nekuda kwekuchengetwa kwavo. Iko inogadzirisa pasi kune iyo yakadyidzana mari yakawanda.
Congress yakapa Fed ichi chiremera muChechi yeReferencing Regulatory Relief Act ya2006 . Mabhanki akanetseka kuti aive akapara mhosva nokuti havana kuwana chido chekuchengetedzwa kwavo. Pakutanga, yakatanga kushanda musi waOctober 1, 2011. Asi Emergency Economic Stabilization Act ya2008 yakasimudza kusvika munaOctober 1, 2008, mukupindura kwematambudziko emari.
Chechipiri, Fed inokwidza chikwereti chechibereko pamusana pokugara . Icho chigadziro chitsva cheFed chakagadzirirwa kutarisa kudyidzana kwemari. Nheyo "inokwereta" mari kubva kumabhanga ayo evanhu usiku hwose. Inoshandisa Treasurys inenge iripo sechibvumirano. Haisi chikwereti chaicho nokuti hapana mari kana Treasurys anochinja maoko. Asi, Fed inoisa mukana wezvinyorwa mumabhangi 'mabhii mangwana acho. Izvi zvinodzora kudyidzana mari inotengeswa nokuti mabhanga haazokweretesi kune mumwe nomumwe muzinga rakaderera kupfuura zvavari kuwana pakudzoka kwakatarisa.