Ndiani Chaizvo Ari Kutonga Mari?
The Federal Reserve System inoshandisa mari yemitemo iyo inotarisira mari inowanikwa uye inowanikwa . Izvo zvakasarudzwa nehurumende ndeyokudzora kutengesa kwezvinhu uye kuderedza kusakosha kwebasa .
Mukuwedzera kubhodhi, Fed inosanganisira gumi nematanhatu Federal Federal Bank uye Federal Open Market Committee . Nzvimbo dzebhadha dzinopa hurumende kumarudzi ekutengeserana mabhengi . IFOMC inoisa mutemo wemari.
IFed ine vashandi 1 800 vanotsigira bhodhi. Adresi yayo iri 20th Street uye Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20551.
Nhengo
Vhidhiyo inofunga nhengo dzebhodhi "chivande" kana "hawkish." Nhengo dzechido dzinonyanya kunetseka nezvekuderedza kusakosha kwebasa pane kuderedza kupera kwezvinhu. Vanofarira mitemo yezvekuwedzera yezvemari uye mari inotadzisa kufarira. Bhodhi nhengo dzinofanirwa kunyanya kushandiswa kwemutemo . Vaizofarira kusimudza mitero nokuti vanonyanya kunetseka nezvekuperesa.
Bhodhi nhengo dzinoshandisa mazwi akadzama. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti itsva inogadzwa makore ose maviri. Izvo zvinoita kuti bhodhi risingapindire mune zvematongerwo enyika. Kana iyo purogiramu inoteverwa, saka hapana mutungamiri kana Congressional party vazhinji vanogona kutonga bhodhi.
Asi Mutungamiri Trump akawana mukana usingawanzoiti wekutora bhodhi mukutendera kwake. Bhodhi Chigaro chinzvimbo chakanga chave chekugadziriswa munguva yake. Uyewo, zvitatu zvemahofisi ehurumende zvakanga zvisipo, kusanganisira vamiriri vema-chair. Vaviri vavo vakange vasipo kubva mune dambudziko rezvemari.
Trump akasarudza Jerome Powell kuti ave mutungamiriri weFed.
Powell akanga atova nhengo yeBur board, kushumira kubva musi waMay 25, 2012 kusvika musi waJanuary 31, 2028. Aive mudzidzi wekushanyira paBipartisan Policy Center, mumwe muCarlyle Group (1997 - 2005), uye mukuru wehurumende pasi peMutungamiri George HW Bush. Iye anonyengera.
Trump akamugadza kunyange zvazvo asingadi kukanganisa , imwe yeTrump inonyanya kukosha. Senate yakabvumira kusarudzwa kwake musi waJanuary 23, 2018. Powell anotsiva Janet Yellen. Akaramba achienderera mberi nemitemo yeYellen yakabudirira. Yellen haana kushanda kunze kwebasa rake remazuva ose. Mutungamiriri weFed chete ndiye aiita Marriner Eccles (1934 - 1948) uyo akagara mubhodhi kwemakore matatu mushure mokunge hurumende yapera.
Sachigaro webhodhi iyewo ndiye Sachigaro weFOMC. Mutungamiri Wematambudziko anosangana neMutungamiri, Munyori wePfuma, uye Congress. Sachigaro inhengo ye International International Monetary Fund , Bhizinesi reMigadziro Dzepasi Pese, uye G-7 neG-20 sehurumende yemari.
Trump iri kusarudza Richard Clarida kuti ashande seVhini Vachigaro weBhodi. Akanga ari munyori warosi wezvematongerwe enyika muStock Treasury kubva muna 2002-2003. Akanga ari purofesa we economics ku Columbia University.
Ari kusarudza Michelle Bowman kuti azadze basa risina basa.
Ane ruzivo rwebhengi rwenharaunda Trump aitsvaga. Akanga ari Kansas bank commissioner. Trump yaida mumwe munhu aida kuparadzanisa kubata kwavo mumabhanga ose. Congress yakaita izvo zvaidiwa makore maviri akapfuura.
Trump akasimudzawo Marvin Goodfriend kune Bhuku risina basa. Iye ndiye purofesa weCarnegie Mellon uye aimbova wezvemari yeFed. Ari kumirira Senate kutsigirwa.
Trump akabudirira akagadza imwe nhengo yeBhodi, Randy Quarles . Bhodhi yake yegore ndeye Gumiguru 13, 2017 -January 31, 2032. Anotsigira kuregera kwebhangi. Akanga ari mutungamiriri weCynosure Group uye Carlyle Group, uye mukuru wehurumende pasi peMutungamiri George W. Bush . Haasi nharo kana hawkish, anofarira kushandisa mazano akaoma anoona kana Fed ichichinja. Quarles zvakarewo Vachigaro weKutevedza kusvikira Gumiguru 13, 2021.
Nzvimbo iyo yakasikwa neDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act . A
VaTump vanogadzwa vanobatana naLael Brainard. Her term is June 16, 2014 - January 31, 2026. Ndiye chete P.D. nyanzvi yezveBhodi. Aive mukuru wevakuru veHarare (2010 - 2013), mumwe mukuru we Brookings Institution (2001- 2008), uye Seki National Economic Advisor kune Mutungamiri Clinton. Akanga ari purofesa wezvoupfumi kuMIT Sloan School of Management (1990 - 1996). Anoshuva.
Zvinoratidzwa neBhodi
Bhokisi rine mabasa mana ekutanga. Kutanga, inotungamirira mutemo wemari. Vose nhengo dzebhodhi vanogara paFOMC. Bhodhi ine zvigaro zvakawanda paFOMC, saka inonyatsogadzirisa zvose zvisarudzo. Inoteerera mhinduro kubva kune dzimwe nhengo sezvo ivo vari vatungamiri vemabhengi evanhu. IFOMC inosangana kanomwe pagore kuisa chinangwa chekudyidzana mari uye kufambisa kushandiswa kwemisika . Bhodi iri roga rinotarisa mutengo wekutsvaga uye yezvakachengetedzwa zvinotarisirwa kumabhenji evanhu. Tsvaga zvakawanda pamusoro peState Reserve's tools .
Chechipiri, inotarisa matambudziko emari. Inoburitsa Bhuku reBeige mwedzi wose. Inopa mharidzo yemari yemari kaviri pagore (inenge munaFebruary 20 neJuly 20). Iyo inoshuma zvayo kuwanikwa pamusoro penyika yezvematongerwo enyika kuCongress. Kunyanya, Sachigaro inoparadzanisa neKomiti yeSeneti yeBanki, Housing, uye Urban Affairs uye Dare reDare reMari.
Chechitatu, bhodhi rinotonga mitemo yebhizimusi rezvemabhizimisi, uye yeBenki Reserve Reserve mamanki. Inosimbisa iyo mitemo yeBublic Reserve nhengo mabhenji chete. Izvi zvinosanganisira mabhandi enyika 9, ayo ari nhengo dze Federal Reserve System, uye 5,000 makambani ekuchengetera mabhengi. Ihofisi yeChinyorwa cheDhipatimendi inotarisira mabhangi emarudzi. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation inotarisira mabhizimisi enyika iyo isiri Federal Federal members. Uku kupatsanurwa kunobvumira mabhangi kusarudza mutariri wavo nekusarudza kuti ndeupi rudzi rwebhangi ravanoda kuva. Ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma zvakagadzira dambudziko rezvemari.
Chechina, inotarisira US repayment system. Mabhenji ayo anotarisira kuongorora zvakajeka, kushandiswa kwemagetsi ekubhadhara uye kugovera mari.
Misangano
Bhodi rinosangana kaviri pamwedzi. Inotaura zvose zvinotungamira uye mari yemitemo. Iwe unogona kuenda kune imwe sarudzo yakasununguka. Tsvaga zvimwe pawebsite yemusangano webasa. (Zvinyorwa: "Ndeipi Federal Reserve System Yakagadzirirwa?" Federal Reserve. "Kutanga kuBhodi yeVatungamiriri," Federal Reserve Bank yeSt. Louis. "Chinangwa Chei Federal Reserve System?" Boka reVakuru vehurumende Federal Reserve.)