Kubhadhara KwemaBanki Emari Kupi Kumwe Kunyevera Matambudziko
Libor iri pfupi kuLondon Interbank Off Rate. Pakutanga, mabhandi eLondon muBritish Banking Association akaashuma iyo sechinangwa chebhengi rehuwandu hwebhengi.
MunaJanuary 2014, InterContinental Exchange yakatora mutungamiri wayo. Ndiko kuti BBA yakawanikwa ine mhosva yekugadzirisa mutengo . Purogiramu yekugadzirisa inoratidzirwa mabhengi anoita sei mubereko wekuda kwekuwana pfuma yavo pachavo.
Historical Libor Nhamba Dzakanaka
Tafura iri pasi apa inoratidzira mufananidzo wezvinyorwa zveRibor zvinyorwa zvakaenzaniswa neyodyidzwa mari yemari yegore roga roga, kubva munaDecember 31, kubva muna 1986. Chengetedza zvakanyanya kuRibor mutengo mukati megore ra2006 kusvika muna 2009, apo rakaparadzana kubva kune rakadyiwa mari yakawanda.
MunaEpril 2008, Libor-mwedzi mitatu yakasimuka kusvika ku2,9 muzana kunyange sezvo Federal Reserve yakaderedza mari yakaderedzwa mari kusvika 2 muzana. Izvozvo zvakaitika pashure pokunge Fed yave yakashata zvakaderedza chiyero kanomwe mumwedzi minomwe yapfuura. Ikozvino inodyidzwa mari inowanikwa yakadzokera kune mamwe maitiro akazara.
Sei Libor yakangoerekana yakasiyana kubva kuFed's interest rate target? Mabhanki akatanga kutya apo Fed yaibhadhara Bear Bear .
Yakanga ichienda kubhadhara nekuda kwekutsvaga mari mu subprime mortgages . Munyika yose yechando uye zhizha, mabhengi akawedzera kusazeza kukweretesa kune mumwe nomumwe. Vakanga vachitya chibvumirano chakabatanidza mari yepa subprime . Libor yakasimudza zvishoma kuti iratidze mari yakakwirira yekukwereta.
Musi waOctober 8, 2008, Fed yakaderedza mari yakaderedzwa yakawanda kusvika ku 1.5 muzana.
Libor yakasimudza kusvika kuma4,8 muzana musi waOctober 13. Mukupindura, Dow yakawira 14 muzana munaOctober.
Pakupera kwa2009, Libor yakadzokera kune dzimwe nharaunda dzakasununguka kuburikidza neHurumende Reserve maitiro ekudzorera kushandiswa .
Kubva muna 2010, Libor yakaramba ichiramba iri pedo neyekudyidzana mari yakawanda. Kubvira muna 2010 kusvika muna 2013, Fed yakashandisa kugadziriswa kwepamusoro kuchengetedza mitengo pasi. Yakatenga US Treasury manotsi uye zvikwereti zvakachengetedzwa-zvakatsigirwa kubva kumabanki ayo.
Muzhizha ra2011, Fed yakazivisa Operation Twist , imwe yerudzi rwehuwandu hwekutengesa. Pasinei nekufambisa uku, Libor yaive yakasimuka pakapera kwegore ra2011. Vashandi vakaramba vachinyanya kunetseka nezvekukwanisa kukwereta chikwereti kubva kuGirisi nevamwe vanoita mari yekukweretesa kweEurozone .
Mukupera kwegore ra2015, Libor yakatanga kubuda zvakare. Vatengesi vaitarisira kuti Federal Open Market Komiti yaizowedzera mari yakadyiwa mari muDecember. Chinhu chimwechete chakaitika muna 2016.
3-Mwedzi Libor Inofananidzwa neFid Funds Rate Rate
| Musi | Fed Funds Rate | 3-Mwedzi LIBOR Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Dec 31 1986 | 6.00 | 6.43750 |
| Dec 31 1987 | 6.88 | 7.43750 |
| Dec 30 1988 | 9.75 | 9.31250 |
| Dec 29 1989 | 8.25 | 8.37500 |
| Dec 31 1990 | 7.00 | 7.57813 |
| Dec 31 1991 | 4.00 | 4.25000 |
| Dec 31 1992 | 3.00 | 3.43750 |
| Dec 31 1993 | 3.00 | 3.37500 |
| Dec 30 1994 | 5.50 | 6.50000 |
| Dec 29 1995 | 5.50 | 5.62500 |
| Dec 31 1996 | 5.25 | 5.56250 |
| Dec 31 1997 | 5.50 | 5.81250 |
| Dec 31 1998 | 4.75 | 5.06563 |
| Dec 31 1999 | 5.50 | 6.00375 |
| Dec 29 2000 | 6.50 | 6.39875 |
| Dec 31 2001 | 1.75 | 1.88125 |
| Dec 31 2002 | 1.25 | 1.38000 |
| Dec 31 2003 | 1.00 | 1.15188 |
| Dec 31 2004 | 2.25 | 2.56438 |
| Dec 30 2005 | 4.25 | 4.53625 |
| Jan 31 2006 | 4.50 | 4.68000 |
| Mar 28 2006 | 4.75 | 4.96000 |
| May 10 2006 | 5.00 | 5.16438 |
| Jun 29 2006 | 5.25 | 5.50813 |
| Sep 18 2007 | 4.75 | 5.58750 |
| Oct 31 2007 | 4.50 | 4.89375 |
| Dec 11 2007 | 4.25 | 5.11125 |
| Jan 22 2008 | 3.50 | 3.71750 |
| Jan 30 2008 | 3.00 | 3.23938 |
| Mar 18 2008 | 2.25 | 2.54188 |
| Apr 30 2008 | 2.00 | 2.85000 |
| Oct 8 2008 | 1.50 | 4.52375 |
| Oct 29 2008 | 1.00 | 3.42000 |
| Dec 16 2008 | 0 | 2.18563 |
| Mar 31 2009 | 0 | 1.19188 |
| Jun 17 2009 | 0 | 0.61000 |
| Dec 18 2009 | 0 | 0.25125 |
| Dec 31 2010 | 0 | 0.30281 |
| Dec 31 2011 | 0 | 0.58100 |
| Dec 31 2012 | 0 | 0.30600 |
| Dec 31 2013 | 0 | 0.24420 |
| Dec 31, 2014 | 0 | 0.25560 |
| Dec 31 2015 | .50 | 0.62000 |
| Dec 31 2016 | .75 | 0.99789 |
(Chinyorwa: "Historical Fed Fund Fund," Federal Reserve. ")
Nhau dzekare
Muma1980, mabhandi uye hedge funds yakatanga kushandiswa kwekutengesa zvichienderana nezvikwereti. Zvibvumirano zvinobva kune imwe nzvimbo zvakasimbisa kudzoka kwakanyanya. Paiva nehomwe imwe chete. Vose mapato aifanira kubvumirana pamusoro pemari yezvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvayo. Vaida nzira yakarongeka yekuona kuti bhengi raizobhadhara chikwereti chinotevera.
Ndiyo apo British Banking Association yakapinda. Muna 1984, yakagadzira boka remabhangi. Yakavabvunza kuti chii chavakakwanisa kutengesa mari yezvikwereti zvakasiyana-siyana mumari dzakasiyana. Mabanho zvino aigona kushandisa zvigumisiro kumatengo emitengo.
Icho chaiyo mubvunzurudzo mubvunzo ndewokuti, "Iwe unofunga kuti inguva ipi inonzi interbank term inoshandiswa ichagoverwa nebhandi rimwe rekutanga kune rimwe bhizimusi rekumusoro kwemazana emakisi akakwana nhasi musi 11am?"
Musi waSeptember 2, 1985, BBA yakabudisa mutungamiri weRibor. Yakanga ichinzi BBAIRS, inopfupika neBritish Bankers Association Inoshandiswa Kwemari. MunaJanuary 1986, yakabudisa yekutanga Libor mari yevatatu mari: US dollar , british sterling, uye yen yenJapan.
BBA yakapindura mumatambudziko emari muna 2008 kuburikidza nekugadzirisa sarudzo yaro. Yakabvunza nhengo dzemapurisa, "Iwe unogona kubhadhara mari yakadii, iwe waizoita saizvozvo nekukumbira uye wobva wagamuchira mabhizinesi emabhengi mumusana wepamusika unotora nguva isati yakwana 11 mangwanani?" Mubvunzo wacho wakanga uri wechokwadi. Yakapa migumisiro iri nani kuburikidza kubvunza bhangi izvo zvingaita chaizvo, pane zvaifunga.