Chikonzero Nei Bhizimisi Rako Rinotaurira Mari Yenyu, uye Iyo Inokubatsira Sei
Chechipiri yemari yemari yemari inobvumira mabhengi kutengesa zvikwereti kune vatyairi vakaita semari yepenjeni , makambani einishuwarenzi nehurumende yehurumende.
Mari yacho inopa mabhanga mari itsva kupa zvikwereti zvakawanda. Pamberi pemusika wechipiri wakasimbiswa, mabhangi makuru chete aiva nehombodo yakadzika kusunga mari yehupenyu hwechikwereti, kazhinji kwemakore gumi nemashanu. Somugumisiro, avo vanogona kudzokera kumusha vaive nenguva yakaoma nguva yekuwana mortgage chikwereti.
Sezvo pakanga pasina makwikwi mashoma pakati pevakweretesi, vaikwanisa kutengesa mari yepamusoro.
Gwaro ra198 Charter rakagadzirisa dambudziko iri nokuumba Fannie Mae , uye Freddie Mac makore maviri gare gare. Aya mabhizimisi anobhadharwa nehurumende anotenga mabhandi ebhadhiji uye anovatengesa kune vamwe vashandi. Mari yechikwereti haisi kudzorerwa mumwe nomumwe. Panzvimbo pezvo ivo vanobatanidzwa muzvikwereti zvinotsigirwa mari . Kukosha kwavo kunogadziriswa, kana kutsigirwa, nekukosha kwebumbiro rekunamata mari.
Pamberi pe subprime mortgage crisis , avo vaviri kana vakavimbisa 40 muzana yeUnited States mari. Sezvo Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns nedzimwe mabhanki zvakagadziriswa nekutengeswa kwemari-kutsigirwa uye zvimwe zviwanikwa munguva yematambudziko emari muna 2008 , mabhizimisi ega ega akabuda mumusika wekutengesa muzhinji. Somugumisiro, Fannie naFreddie vakava nemhosva inoda kusvika zana kubva muzana, vachitakura pamwe chete mhizha yose yeimba. Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti How Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac vakasika sei Churumende yeCredit Mortgage .
Mabhanki akatanga kungodzokera kumusika wechipiri muna 2013. Kunyange zvakadaro, ivo vachiri kubata pa27 muzana yezvikwereti zvezvitoro zvakabudiswa muna 2014, iyo yakakwirira kupfuura gumi mumakore gumi. Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvezvi:
- Fannie naFreddie vakasimudza mari yavo yekugadzirisa kubva ku 0.2 muzana yekwereti kusvika ku 0.5 muzana. Somugumisiro, mabanki akawanda anoona zvisingabatsiri kubata pane zvakachengetedzwa zvikwereti.
- Mabhangi ari kuita "jumbo" mari yakawanda, iyo inopfuura mirefu ya Fannie naFreddie uye naizvozvo haigoneki navo. Iyo yezana yakasimuka kubva pa14 muzana yezvose zvakatanga muna 2013 kusvika 19 muzana muna 2014.
- Mabhangi ari kuita zvikwereti zvishomanana kune vanonyanya kukoshesa vatengi. Dhora rose rehupfumi rekugadziriswa kwakawira 2.7 muzana pakati pe2012 ne2014. Panguva iyo yakafanana nguva, pfuma yavo yose yakakura 7.6 muzana. (Imwe: "Mabhenji Anochengeta Maridzo Yadzo Pedyo Neimba", John Carney, The Wall Street Journal, March 23, 2015.)
Dzimwe Dzimwe Chikoro Chekuita
Kunewo mamwe magetsi echechi mune mamwe marudzi echikwereti, pamwe nematokari. Makambani ezvemari anotengesera uye resell yemari yemari, chikwereti chekwereti chikwereti, uye chikwereti chekambani . Nheyo dzinotengeswa pane mbiri mbiri dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa, iyo New York Stock Exchange uye NASDAQ . Heano pane zvakawanda pamusika wekutanga wematokisi, anonzi Initial Public Offering .
Chinonyanya kukosha ndeyemusika wechipiri wemari yemadhora eUnited States, zvisungo uye manotsi . Kuda kwezvivigiro izvi kunobata zvose zvinowanikwa mutengo . Heino nzira. Mari yeHaimari, yakatsigirwa nehurumende yeUnited States, ndiyo inonyanya kuchengetedzwa kwepasi rose. Saka, vanogona kupa zvibereko zvakaderera. Vashandi vanoda kudzokazve, uye vanoda kutora njodzi yakawanda, vanozotenga dzimwe zvisungo, zvakadai semasuo ehurumende kana kunyange zvisungo zvisingabatsiri.
Apo kudiwa kweMariko kwakakwirira, ipapo chibereko chezvibereko chinobudirira chinogona kuva chakaderera kune chikwereti chose. Apo kudiwa kweMariki kwakaderera, ipapo inhamba yezvikwereti inofanira kusimuka kune chikwereti chose pamusika wechipiri. Nokuda kwezvakawanda, ona Ukama Pakati Pezvinyorwa zveMariki uye Mortgage Interest Rates .
Sezvo kuvimba kunodzokera kune yechipiri yemari yemari, inodzokera kumisika yose yechipiri. Muna 2007, mabhizimisi emotokari uye chikwereti aiva ma $ 178 mabhiriyoni, asi akashongedzerwa ne $ 65 bhiriyoni chete muna 2010. Pakazosvika gore ra2012, vakadzorera ku $ 100 mabhiriyoni, maererano neEast & Poor's. (Inobva: "Kuita Bonderedzwa KweBond Play Kunogona Kubatsira Sei Vatengi," Ian Salisbury, Marketwatch, August 25, 2012.)
Nei iyi misika yemabhiza inodzoka? Vashandi vepamabhiza makuru zvino vava kuda kutora mukana wekubhadhara chikwereti kubva kune mabhengi anozivikanwa nokuti Treasury note inowanikwa iri pamakore makumi maviri emakore .
Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti kuderedzwa kwehuwandu neHederal Reserve kwakabatsira kudzorera kushanda mune mari yemari. Nokutenga US Treasurys, iyo Fed yakamanikidzirwa zvibereko zvakaderera uye yakaita kuti dzimwe dzimba dzionekwe zviri nani nekuenzanisa.
Mugumisiro? Mabhangi iye zvino ane misika yezvikwereti zvinokweretwa zvikwereti. Izvi zvinovapa mari yakawanda kuti vaite zvikwereti zvitsva.
Nzira Iyo Misika Yekamwe Inokubata Iwe
Kudzoka kwemusika wechipiri kunonyanya kukura kana uchida chikwereti chemotokari, matsva makadhi emakadhi kana kunyange chikwereti chemabhizimisi. Kana iwe wakatora chikwereti munguva pfupi uye wakadzoka pasi, edza zvakare. Kunze kwekuti, chokwadi, chikwereti chako chikamu chiri pasi pe 720 . Kana zvakadaro, danho rako rokutanga nderekugadzirisa chikwereti chako. Heano mamwe mazano makuru asina kubhadhara chikwereti chako iwe pachako .
Zvakakoshawo kukura kwehupfumi. Kushandiswa kwevatengi kunogadzira zvinenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvehupfumi hweUnited States, zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemumba . Muna 2007, vazhinji vevatengi vakashandisa kadhi rechikwereti kutengesa. Mushure mematambudziko emari, ivo vanocheka pamakwereti, kana kuti vakaramba kubvumirwa ne mabhanki anotya. Kudzoka kwekuchengetedza mari kunoreva varimi uye mabhanhire havatyi kutengesa. Mutero wevatengi uri kuwedzera, kuwedzera kukura kwehupfumi. Nezviverengero zvechangobva kuitika, tarisa Sei Ko Chikwereti Chako Chekwereti Chechikwereti Chichienzanisa neAvhareji ?