Iwe Unofanirwa Kuponesa Zvakawanda Nokuda Kubhadhara Kana Kubhadhara Chikwereti Chekwereta Chevadzidzi?
Kuenzanisa chikwereti chemari chikwereti chikwereti kunogona kuva chinetso chakakura apo uchiedza kugadzirisa zvimwe zvakakwikwidzana zvemari zvakakosha.
Kunyanya kufunga nezvezvinangwa zvemazuva mazhinji zvakadai sekurega basa kunogona kuonekwa sechiri kure. Asi kana iwe ukamirira kwenguva yakareba kuti utange kuponesa nekuda kwekurasikirwa iwe uchasangana nezvinetso zvakakura mumararamiro ako ehupfumi ayo anowedzera mari yakawanda yevadzidzi vechikwereti.
Pano pane matanho mashomanana ekugadzirisa zvemari pane pekutanga urongwa hunowanzofanira kupedzerwa vasati varwisa zvikwereti zvevadzidzi nemari inowanikwa.
1. Ita Rondedzero Yezvinhu Zvaunonyanya Kukosha Zvehupenyu Nezvinangwa
Hapana mubvunzo kuti chikwereti chemari yevadzidzi chinoumba mutoro unorema kune zvakawanda zveimba dzemari. Izvi zvikwereti hazvifaniri kukudzivisa kuti urege kutevera zvinangwa zveupenyu hunokosha. Kunyange zvazvo bhajeti yako kana urongwa hwekushandisa iwe pachako hungaita saru sezvo iwe uchiita zvikwereti izvi zvakakosha, zvakakosha kuva nepurogiramu yakanyorwa yezvemari panzvimbo. Kuva nepurogiramu yakanyorwa kunogona kubatsira kupa utungamiri paunenge uchiedza kuita kuti iwe ushandise nguva yako nemari yako.
Kutora nguva yekuisa zvinangwa zvako mukunyora nekutsanangura matanho aidiwa kuita kuti zvinangwa izvozvo zviitike kuwedzera mikana yauchazopedzisira yazadzisa zvinangwa izvozvo. Sarudzo yakaitwa naGallup yakawana kuti kudarika makumi mana kubva muzana yevatengesi vepamberi vanga vaine chirongwa chakanyorwa.
Kuva nepurogiramu yakanyorwa yezvemari inobatsira pasinei nokuti mamiriro ako emari angave akadini panguva iyoyo.
Sarudzo yako haifaniri kunge yakanyanyisa kuoma uye nzira iri nyore inowanzobudirira. Semuenzaniso, The One-Page Financial Plan: Chirongwa Chisinganzwisisiki Kuti Uve Nemaonero Pamusoro Pemari Yako naCarl Richards inoratidza kuti iwe unogona sei kuita zvinhu zvinoshamisa muhupenyu hwako hwehupfumi nechirongwa chekutanga. Zvinosuruvarisa, vanhu vazhinji vanoona $ 1.3 triliyoni muzvikwereti zvikwereti zvemari chikwereti munyika ino semakomo asingakwanisi kukwira.
Pamusoro pehuwandu hwemunhu, unogona kufunga kuti chikwereti chako chemunhu chikwereti chinoreva kuti hauzombokwanisi kutenga imba kana kuwana hupfumi hwenyika. Panzvimbo pokungotarisa pane zvekukweretesa kwevadzidzi vako, ita chirongwa chemaji chemajeti chemaji chichakubatsira iwe kuwana nzira yakanakisisa yokugadzirisa zvikwereti zvevana vechikwere kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupenyu hwako hwemari.
2. Gadzira Purogiramu Yezvokushandisa Mari
Zvakakosha kutarisa mari yako. Asi zvinonyanya kukosha kuti uende kunze kwekutsvaga izvo zvave zvatoitika munguva yakapfuura uye kugadzira hurongwa hwekushandisa hunotiudza mari yako kwaunofanira kuenda mberi. Pasinei nekukosha kwekuita bhajeti, mumwe chete pavatatu vekuAmerica zvirokwazvo anoteerera bhajeti uye anoona mari uye mari uye nguva dzose. Mari yekubhadhara chikwereti yevadzidzi inowanzova 10 kusvika ku15 muzana yekusarudzwa kwemari.
Mari yako chaiyo yekubhadhara inobva pane chirongwa chekubhadhara chawakasarudza.
Nzira yekusarudza chirongwa chakanaka chekubhadhara chinopfuura kungoisa pfungwa pamari yako yazvino iripo. Iwe unofanirwawo kuenzanisa kuti zvichazotora nguva yakareba sei kubvisa chikwereti chako chechikwereti chemudzidzi uye kuti huwandu hwekuda mari huri pamusoro pehupenyu hwechikwereti chako. Kuva nepurogiramu yekushanda kuchashanda zvikwereti izvozvo kune chikwereti chako uye zvakare kukubatsira iwe kuziva nzira dzekuchengetedza zvakawanda zvekurega basa uye kubhadhara zvakaderera kune chikwereti.
Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekusarudza chirongwa chakanaka chekubhadhara chevashandi vechikoro chemari chikwereti pa Studentaid.ed.gov.
3. Chengetedza Starter Emergency Fund
Nhare yekuchengetedza mari yemari yakawanda inowanzobva $ $ kusvika ku $ 2000 mune imwe nhoroondo yakasiyana nedzimwe nguva yekuongorora. Iko mari inodiwa kuti urege kuwedzera mari inokweretesa kadhi rechikwereti kana chikwereti chemunhu pachake kana chero zvisingatarisirwi kuchirapa, motokari, kana pamba mari inowanikwa.
4. Kubuda kweMatanidzwa muPurogiramu yeRubatsiro
Makambani akawanda anopa imwe mhando yezvipo zvinowirirana kune 401 (k) uye 403 (b) zvirongwa zvekurega basa. Kana iwe ukashanda kune rimwe remakambani iwayo usafanana ne25 muzana yevashandi vari kusiya mari yavo patafura. Shandisa zvinyorwa izvi zvinoenderana nekupa zvikamu zvinenge zvichienderana. Asi kana iwe une imwe chikwereti chinokonzera zvinetso (makadhi emakwereti, yakakwirira-kufarira vanhu zvikwereti, nezvimwewo) iwe unogona kumira kusvikira wataura izvozvo zvisati zvapedza mapiro ako ekugadzirisa basa.
5. Maripa Kubhadhara Chikwereti Chakwereti
Kana zvasvika pakubhadhara zvikwereti uye zvimwe zvikwereti zvemari chikakosha kuziva kuti mamwe mimwe chikwereti yakaoma kupfuura vamwe. Mariki yepamusoro-chikwereti chikwereti kana chikwereti chekutenga chikwereti kazhinji chinogamuchirwa uye chinonyanya kukosha sezvo chido chinogona kubhadhara mutero. Mari iyo inofanirwa kuwira pasi pe25 muzana yemari yako yega mwedzi mari. Kune mamwe matambudziko anokonzera matambudziko (kureva, makadhi emakwereti) nemitengo yezvikwereti inopfuura 6%, nzira yakanakisisa yekuita kuti vaite izvi ndeyokubvisa chikwereti chakanaka.
6. Ita Asiri Emergency Fund Savings
Vakawanda veAmerica havana mari yakakwana yekuvhara mwedzi miviri inotengwa. Zvisinei, inowanzokurudzirwa kuti une zvakawanda zvakachengetwa pakuchengetedza kwekunge mwedzi mitatu kusvika kumatanhatu yezvokushandisa zvekugara. Nzira yakanakisisa yekuzadzisa chinangwa ichi ndechokutsinhanisa mari zvakananga kubva pane yako yekubhadhara kusvika mune imwe gwaro rekuchengetedza kusvikira iwe wasvika pakachengetedza chinangwa chako.
Health Baling Account balances uye Roth IRA mari inogona kuiswawo sechikamu chemari yako yehupfumi. Yeuka kuti iwe unoda kuramba uchichengetedza mwedzi mitatu yemvura (kureva, nyore nyore kuwana) kuchengetedza usati waisa mari iyo kunze kwekuti iwe unofara nehutano hwekusika kwemashamba kana uchida kuwana mari yako.
7. Ita Kuchengetedza Kubhadharwa Kwekutanga
Iva nechokwadi chokuti uri munzira yekutora nzvimbo inenge 80 muzana yemari yaunowana panguva yekurega (kana iwe pachako chinangwa chako) usati wawedzera nguva yako yechikwereti chikwereti chekubhadhara chikwereti. Kuchengetedza zvakakwana kubhadhara mari inonetsa kune vakawanda veAmerica iye zvino. Zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kwazvo kuchengetedza zvakakwana kana iwe uri mumatangiro ekutanga emabasa uye unonzwa uchinetswa nekwereta chikwereti chevadzidzi.
Kunyange zvazvo kurwisa zvikwereti zvevadzidzi vako zvinogona kunzwa sokuti zvakanyanya kukurumidzira, zvinowanzokurudzirwa kuchengetedza zvishoma 10-20 muzana yemari mumakore ako ose ekushanda kuti uwane rusununguko rwezvemari. Kunyanya kukoshesa kubhadhara mari yako yekusasiya mberi kwekubhadhara mari yakawanda pamudzidzi wako zvikwereti zvinokubvumira kushandisa zvizere simba rekuwedzera chido. Zvikwereti zvevadzidzi zviri kutotanga kuumba kudhonza pamusana pokuchengetedza mari. Imwe nyanzvi yemangwanani yakawana kuti dollar imwe yevadzidzi chikwereti chikwereti inobatanidzwa ne 35 muzana yekuderera kwekusarirwa kwemari. Usarega kubvisa kwako kurasikirwa zvakanyanya nekurega kuchengeta zvakakwana! Iwe unogona kushandisa rekustarenzi yekusara kuti uone paunomira uye edza kuwedzera mipiro sezvaunoda.
Kuwedzera Mari Yevadzidzi Mukupinda Kwekuita Mari
Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti matanho ekutonga mari apfuura anowanzokurudzirwa asati aita kubhadhara mari yakawedzerwa kune chikwereti chemari. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti iwe unofanira kungofunga zvisinganzwisisiki kuti hauna zvingasarudzwa kana zvasvika pakushanda chikwereti chevadzidzi mubhajheji yako.
Zvaunosarudza zvekubhadhara zvinonyanya kutarisa rudzi rwezvikwereti zvaunazvo (federal kana padziviri). Kubatanidza zvikwereti zvehurumende kana kubhadhara zvikwereti zvemunhu mumwe oga kupa vanokwereta nezvisarudzo zvokuita kuti kubhadhara chikwereti kukodzera mapurogiramu ako emari. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu akawanda, zvishomanana kuchinja kunogona kubatsira kuita nyore kubhadhara mari uye pakunatsiridzira kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekubhadhara kuburikidza nemari inoderedzwa inodha.
Hezvino zvakakosha mazano kuti uzive pakusarudza hurongwa hwekubhadhara kwako:
- Ne Federal Federal Loan iwe uchabvunzwa kusarudza chirongwa. Kana iwe usingasarudze imwe, iwe uchaiswa paState Repayment Plan, iyo ichaita kuti zvikwereti zvako zvibhadzwe mumakore gumi.
- Iwe unogona kushandura kune rimwe chirongwa chakasiyana chero nguva kuti ufanane nezvido zvako nezvinangwa zvako.
- Kubhadhara kwako kwemwedzi kunogona kuenderana nekuwanda kwaunoita.
- Zvikwereti zvega pachedu zvinowanikwa pasina mari yehurumende uye inouya nekunyorera zvishomanana. Taura nemutengi wako, chikwereti, kana chikwereti chekubhadhara kuti uwane nzira dzako dzekubhadhara.
- Vose vevashandi vehurumende vanobhadhara chikwereti kutanga kana kuti mushure meJuly 1, 2006, vane chikwata chekuda mari yehupenyu hwechikwereti.
- Kana iwe uine chikwereti chaunonyorera iwe unogona kubhadhara mari yekubhadhara zvinokonzerwa nehomwe yako servicer uye hauzombofi wakarasikirwa. Zvakanakisisa pane zvose, iwe uchawana 0.25 muzana yekutora mutengo wedhadharo paunonyora!
Kugadzira hurongwa hwemari huri nyore uye hunochinja kune imwe danho rokutanga raunogona kutora kuti uite simba pamusoro pemari yechikwereti chevadzidzi. Kana iwe mudzidzi wako chikwereti ari kutanga kutonzwa kufanana nemari yekubhadhara chikwereti rangarirai kuti kune nzira dzekufananidza zvikwereti zvako muurongwa hwemari yako nenzira isingaregi kudiwa kwako kuchengetedza kubhadhara.