Savings Bonds
Sangano rekuchengetedza ndiro mari yakachengetedzwa yakawanda kune iyo, sezvo ichitsigirwa nehurumende, uye inopihwa kuti isarasikirwa nemukuru. Havana kupa zvibereko zvakasiyana-siyana, asi vanopa hukuru hwekuchengeteka pakati pezvose zvinosarudzwa mumusika wezvisungo. Izvo zviri nyore kutenga kuburikidza neHaidor Direct , uye havatori mutero kune zvose zvematunhu uye mahara.
Mukuwedzera, vanogonawo kuva vasina mvumo pamutero we federal inoshandiswa kubhadhara dzidzo. Izvo zvinokonzera ndezvokuti hazvisi semvura (nyore nyore kutengwa uye kutengeswa) semamwe marudzi emari yekutsvaga - iwe haugoni kuirima mukati megore rokutanga rehupenyu hwavo, uye kana uchifanira kuirima mukati mekutanga makore mashanu, iwe uchabhadhara mwedzi mitatu yenzara.
US Treasures
Pasinei nemari yakaipisisa yehurumende yeUnited States, hurumende yeUnited States yehurumende inoramba iine humwe hupfumi hwakachengetedzeka kunze uko - huchipa hutano humwe humwechete kusvika pakukura. Muchiitiko ichi, hapana ngozi yekutadza uye yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemari haisi chinhu. Ramba uchiyeuka, zvisinei, kuti mutengo wemari pamwe nekutsinhanisa-kutengesa mari inoshandiswa muPfuma haigone kukura - kureva kuti inonyanya kufunga nezvehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutengo. US Treasures inowanzopa zvibereko zvishoma kudarika mamwe mhando dzezvisungo nekuda kwekushaya kwekweretheni (kana mune mamwe mashoko, pangozi yekusasikirwa).
Nhepfenyuro yeZvivigiro Zvakachengetedzwa Zvakachengetedzwa
Mariki yePfuma Inodzivirirwa Chekuchengetedzwa , kana MAZANO, inzira yevatyairi kuti vabatsire kutarisa zvinokonzerwa nekuderera . MAZANO 'guru rinoshandura kumusoro pamwe chete nemutengo wekutengesa mutengo (CPI), iyo inopa vanosimudzira mari kuti vave ne "kudzoka kwechokwadi" (kana kuti kudzoka mushure mekuwedzera kwezvinhu).
Somugumisiro, MAZANO anogona kuva chikamu chinonyanya kukosha kune vashandi vanoda kuchengetedza simba rekutenga rekuchengeta kwavo. Asi MAZANO, pasinei nokubudiswa nehurumende yeUnited States, haisi mungozi - kunyanya kana ukasarudza kuwana mafasi yeasset kuburikidza nemari pamwe chete kana kuti ETFs - nekuda kwekunzwisisika kwekuwedzera kwezvibereko.
Municipal Bonds
Kusungwa kweMaspala , iyo inowanikwa nemaguta, inotaura nezvimwewo masangano ehurumende dzomunharaunda, hazvibvi pamitero yehurumende. Uye kana hurumende inoburitswa muhumo mauri kurarama, ivo vane rusununguko rwematongerwo enyika uye emunharaunda. Asi masisheni emumasitorendi anowanzobatsira zvikuru kune vashandi vepamusoro mabheji epamusoro. Kune avo vari mubhaketi shoma shoma, inogona kubhadharira kuisa mari mumatarenda asingabhadharwi , sezvo nyaya dzisingabhadharwi dzinowanzopa zvikwereti zvakasati zviripo kusati kwabhadharwa kupfuura hurumende dzisungo.
Chengetedza-Yakachengetedzwa Zvakachengetedzwa
Dzimba dzekuchengetedza mari (MBS) ndezvikwata zvemari yekuchengetwa kwemusha zvinotengeswa nemabhangi ekubvisa ndokuzoiswa pamwe chete mu "dziva" uye kutengeswa sechisungo chimwe chete. Apo vagari vepamba vanoita chikwereti nemitengo yakakosha, iyo mari inoyerera ichipfuura nepakati peMBS uye inoyerera ichienda kune vashandi. Kutengeswa kwezvikwereti-zvinotsigirwa zvinowanzopa zvikwereti zvakakwirira kudarika US Treasury, asi zvinopawo zvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvipingamupinyi zvinosangana nevaridzi vembadzidziro ekubhadhara mari yavo yekutengesa mberi kwepurogiramu.
Asset-Backed Securities
Vimbiso dzebasa remari (ABS) ndezvikwata zvezvikwereti - kazhinji kadhi rechikwereti chekubhadhara mari, zvikwereti zvemotokari, mari yekubhadhara chikwereti, zvikwereti zvevadzidzi, uye kunyange zvikwereti zvezvikepe kana motokari dzekunakidzwa - izvo zvakatengeswa uye zvinotengeswa sevhudziro nenzira yekuzivikanwa se "securitization ". Ndiwo chete anonyanya kukoshesa wezvokusimbisa mari aizotarirwa nehupfumi hwemari yega yega, sezvo kuongorora kukuru kwakakosha kuti uongorore chikwereti chaicho. Zvisinei, kana iwe uine chikamu chekutengeserana mari, kune mukana wakaisvonaka wekuti chikamu cheporofiti ine kuyerwa kwemaitiro mu ABS. Pari zvino, hapana mari yekushinhana-inoshandiswa inoshandiswa chete kune zvikwereti zvinotsigirwa nezvinhu.
Zvemabhizimisi Kutengesa-Zvakachengetedzwa Zvakachengetedzwa
Kutengeserana kwekutengeserana-kusungirirwa kuchengetedzwa (CMBS) kunotambiswa nekutengeserana kwemaimba emari. Kazhinji idzi zvikwereti ndezvokutengeserana zvinhu zvakadai sezvivako zvehofisi, mahotera, zvivako, zvivako zveimba, zvivakoti, nezvimwe, asi kwete mhuri imwe chete.
Kunyange zvazvo CMBS iine ngozi yakaipa, inopawo vashandi nzira yekuwana pachena pamusika weimba yekutengesa kunze kwekuti vashandise mumatokari, vanowanzopa kudzoka kwakanaka kune ngozi kune mamwe akawanda emhando dzezvisungo.
Corporate Bonds
Zvisungo zvehurumende ndezvezvisungo zvakabudiswa nemakambani ekubhadhara mabasa avo. Zvisungo zvehurumende zvinowanzopa zvibereko zvakakwirira kudarika hurumende, asi dzinotakurawo pangozi shoma shoma nekuda kweruzivo rwekusavapo (kunyanya pakati pezvinhu zvakaderedzwa). Nhengo yehutano yehutano inopa vashandi mhando yakazara yezvasarudzo maererano nekuwana dambudziko uye kudzokera kusanganiswa kunovakodzera zvakanakisisa: kubva munguva pfupi kusvika kwenguva yakareba, uye kubva pangozi yakadzika kusvika pangozi yakakwirira. Saka zvibvumirano zvehurumende ndezvimwe chikamu chepakati pezvikwereti zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotora mari.
Kukurukurira Zvakakwirira Zvikwereti
Kukwirira kwehupfumi hunobudiswa nemakambani ane maonero anovhiringidzika zvakakwana kudzivirira chikwereti chavo kubva pakuva chikwata chekutsvaga bhizinesi. Kuzvipira kwepamusoro makambani angave akave nezvikwereti zvakakura zvechikwereti, maitiro emabhizimisi akaoma, kana kuti mari yakaipa. Somugumisiro, kune humwe huwandu hwavanokwanisa kutadza. Saka makambani akadaro anowana kuyerwa kwechikwereti zvishoma uye vatengesi vanoda zvibereko zvakakwirira kuti vave nezvisungo zvavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvibereko zvakakura (seboka) zvinowanzopa mari yakakwirira kudarika chero imwe dzimba yefa, uye kudzoka kwavo kwenhoroondo kwakave kwakasimba.
Senior Loans
Matanho makuru , ayo anonziwo zvikwereti zvakakosha kana zvikwereti zvebhangi zvakabatanidzwa, mabhanga ezvikwereti anoita kuti zvikwereti uye ovhara uye kutengesa kune vatengesi. Kunyange zvazvo zvikwereti zvikwereti zvakachengetedzwa nekutengesa, hazvisi izvo zvisingabatsiri. Sezvo izvi zvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvinowanzogadzirwa kune zviri pasi-makambani ekutsvaga mabhizimusi, uwandu hwekukweretesa chikwereti hwakakwirira. Vhudhi-mboti yakakura inowedzera mungozi kudarika kubhadhara-bhizinesi mabhizimisi emakambani, asi zvishoma zvishoma kune ngozi kune yakakwirira-zvibvumirano zvisungo. Vashandi vanove vachiri kunyanya kutarisa kune imwe nzvimbo yechikwereti mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwezvibereko zvayo zvinokwezva, maitiro ekusiyana-siyana, uye mafashamo anokwira -chimwe chinhu chinopa chinhu chekudzivirirwa pakusungwa kwezvisungo zvebhizimisi.
International Bonds
Vashandi vanogadzirisa chete zvibvumirano zvemhuri vangasava nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakasikwa-zvakasikwa - kunyange kana zvikwata zvavo zvezvisungo zvakasiyana. Kufanana nehukama hwemhuri, humwe hukama huri pasi huri pasi pezvikwereti zviviri (kureva, pangozi yekusiyiwa) nekuda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu (senitivity kune inowanikwa kuwedzera kwenhamba). Zvisinei, hupfumi hwepasi pose hahufambi huchienda kune imwechete sehupfumi hweUnited States - zvinoreva kuti zvibvumirano zvekune dzimwe nyika zvinowanzopa hutano hwakasiyana maererano nemusika weU.S. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvibereko kune zvakagadzirwa-misika kune dzimwe nyika hurumende zvisungo hazvirevi zvakakosha kudarika US Treasury, kunyange zvazvo vatengesi vanogonawo kutora mungozi yekuchinja kwenyika .
Emerging Market Bonds
Emerging market bonds zvinobudiswa nehurumende kana makambani enyika dzinosimudzira nyika. Kubuda kwemakakatani zvisungo zvinoratidzika sehutano hwakanyanya, sezvo nyika shomanana dzave dzichionekwa sekuti dzinogona kunge dzakagadzirisa zvakanyanya kupfuma kwezvematongerwo enyika, kupesana kwezvematongerwe enyika, uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvisingawanikwi munyika dzine mari zhinji yakasimbiswa kwemari. Sezvo vatengesi vachida kubhadharwa kana izvi zvinowedzera njodzi, nyika dzinotanga kubuda dzinowanzopa zvibereko zvakakwirira kudarika dzimwe nyika dzakasimbiswa.