Uri Munis Right For You?
Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa yebato risina mutero inogona kunzwika pakutanga pakutanga, rubatsiro rwekubhadhara mutero runowanikwa neavo vakanyanya kubhadhara mitero. Vashandi vari mubhasikiti emitero yakaderera vanogona kunge vari nani pane zvikwereti zvisingabhadhari sezvo vachida kubhadhara zvakakwirira kusati kwabhadhara zvikwereti kupfuura hurumende dzisungo. Mune mamwe mazwi, kune avo vari pasi mabhejiki, kubhadhara mutero we munis kunogona kunge kusina kukwana kukwanisa kubvisa zvigadzirwa zvishoma zvezvisungo.
Nzira iri nyore yekuona iyo ndiyo nzira iri nani yekuita ndeyekuverenga mutero wakaenzana wekubhadhara (TEY) wesungo chairo kuburikidza nechinhu ichi chiri nyore:
Kutanga, tsvaga kugadziriswa kwemutero wako wekuteresa uchishandisa kuenzanisa 1 - yako inotora mutengo . Kana iwe uchibhadhara 28%, iyo inowirirana inongova 1 - .28, kana .72 (72%).
Chechipiri, gurai izvi muzvibereko pamusangano usina kubhadhara mutero kuti uwane mutero unobhadhara mutero. Kana kusungwa kuri mubvunzo kuri kubhadhara 4%, iyo equation ndeiyo: 4.0 yakagoverwa .72, kana 5.56%.
Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pegadziriro iyi, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvakanakira kuchengetedza mupfungwa pakuenzanisa zvikwereti zvisingabhadharwi uye zvemitero, munyaya yangu Maitiro Ekuverenga Mutero Wakaenzana Wekugovera .
Munis uye IRAs Haisi Mukana Wakanaka
Kana uchisarudza kana munis yakarurama kwauri, zvakakoshawo kufunga nezvemhando yekambani yauchashandisa kushandisa.
Vaya vanoshandisa kero yakabhadharwa vachawana zvakakwana kubhadhara mutero. Zvisinei, kushandisa kero yakaremberedzwa yakadai seIRA kana 401 (k) haina musoro nokuti mari inowanikwa mumakambani akadaro anenge atova mubhadharo-asingabhadharwi. Hapana mutemo unopesana nekutsvaga mari muunis munyaya yekubhadhara mutero, asi kana muridzi wekutsvaga ane sarudzo pakati peiyo kana kuti kuisa mari kuburikidza nekodha rekwereti, nzira yekupedzisira inonzwisisika.
Kudzoka uye Ngozi dzeMabhanki emunharaunda
Mune gore ripi neripi rakapiwa, masisheni emasuo ehurumende anowanzotora kudzoka kwakafanana kune kune avo vehuwandu hutsva-bhizimusi bhizimusi yemushamba, kunyange zvisingaiti zvakanyanya. Iyi chati inoratidza kudzoka kweBarlaylay Municipal Bond Index mugore rimwe nerimwe regore rino kubva muna 1991 kusvika muna 2013. Munis vakapa zvikwereti zvakakwana mumakore 19 emakore apfuura makumi maviri nemaviri, uye ane huwandu hwe17,46% (1995), pasi -5.17 % (1994), uye yevhareji yegorenda yegore rekudzoka inenge 6%.
Kuitwa kwemasimende zvisungo zvinotungamirirwa nezvinhu zvitatu zvinokosha:
- Kuda kwehuwandu hwekutengesa : Iyi ndiyo ngozi yokuti kupararira kwemashamba ekubatana kwepamusoro kuchaita kuti hurumende isunge bhizimusi. Apo kugovera paUnited States Pfuma kunowira, sezvavakaita munguva ya1999-2012, inobatsira kusika mushure memazuva ano kune munis. (Ramba uchifunga, matengo uye zvibereko zvinotarisana nenzira dzakasiyana ). Panguva imwecheteyo, nguva dzekusimudza mari yePfuma inobereka - sa2013 , apo Bharclays Municipal Bond Index yakadzoka -5.55% - kugadzira zvinyorwa zvemahofisi ehurumende.
- Chikwereti chekukwereta : Njodzi dzekubhadhara ndiyo nzira iyo kuchinja kwekuda kwekukanganisa kusingagoneki nemunhu anopa chikwereti kunogona kukanganisa zvisungo zvayo. Semuenzaniso, masuwa anoona kuwedzera kwemari yemari inofanirwa kuona maitiro akanaka pamutengo wawo, asi imwe inowanikwa iri kuwedzera dambudziko rezvemari ichashungurudzwa zvisina kunaka.
Chikwereti chinosanganisirawo zvinokonzerwa nehupfumi hwezvemari kune huwandu hwekubhadhara chikwereti chemabhengi ehurumende. Semuenzaniso, apo hupfumi nemakemikari eimba zvakasimba, vashandi vanowanzowana ruvimbo rwepamusoro pamusoro pesimba rezvemari revashandi vemunharaunda. Kusiyana neizvi, kuderera kwevanhu kunoderedza kuvimba uye kunokonzera vatengesi kutsvaga michero yakawanda (uye inodhura mitengo). Izvi zvinowanikwa mumasuo emasvomhu -2.48% kudzoka kwegore ra2008. Kunyange zvazvo Treasury inobereka uye kudyidzana-mabhizimisi emabhandi akadzoka anenge anenge 5,5%, masangano emasitrasi akarasikirwa nepasi nekuda kwezvinetseka pamusoro pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwematambudziko egore iroro.
- Misoro yepamusoro : Masangano eMasvingo anotaridzirwawo nehuwandu hwehutachiona, kana kuti njodzi yokuti nhau dzinotadzisa vatengesi kurasikirwa nechivimbo. Mienzaniso inosanganisira kwete dambudziko rezvemari ra2008, asiwo Orange County kufungidzirwa muna 1994, kutaurira kwaMeredith Whitney kwe "kushambadzira" kwemasimende kusinganzwisisiki muna 2010. Kazhinji, zvisinei, kutengesa-kuresa kwakabatana nekunetseka kwekutengesa kwakaratidzwa kuva kumanikidza kutenga mikana pane chikonzero chekutya.
Izvi zvinyorwa zvinokurukurwa zvakadzama munyaya inoti " Dambudziko reMabhanki emabhadharo ."
Nzira Yokugadzirisa Sei Mahofisi eMasisita
Vashandi vanogara vachida kusarudza pakati pezvinhu zvitatu zvekutsvaga mari mumasisita emumasitatimende: mumwe munhu ane zvivimbiso, mari yomubatanidzwa, mari inoshandiswa-kutengesa mari (ETFs), kana mari yekuvhara .
Kuisa mari mumatunhu ega kunogona kuoma kune vakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo nzira iyi inopa mukana wekuwana zvikwereti zvakananga nekunakidza kushandiswa kwekutengeserana kwehutano nekudzoka, izvi zvinogonawo kuva zvakaoma kune avo vasina ruzivo rwakananga rwekuongorora chikwereti. Njodzi pano ndeyokuti mumwe munhu achangosarudza chisungo chinobva muzvibereko zvayo , panzvimbo yekuchera zvakadzika kuti aone kuti nei zvibereko zvayo zvingave zvisingasviki. Pamusoro pezvikamu zvakanyanya, kuisa muhutano humwechete uye kuvabatira kusvika mukukura kunobatsira kuderedza kukanganisa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu uye dambudziko guru rinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa.
Kunyanya kutanga kune vashandi vekurima vari pakati vanosarudza kuisa mari mumasungwa masangano kuburikidza nedzimwe mari kana ETFs. Izvi zvinogadzira kusanganiswa kwehutungamiri hwehutungamiri uye chikwangwani chakasiyana-siyana chinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekutsvaga kamwe chete. Zvisinei, huwandu hwemari hahuna nguva yakakura yekukura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvakadai sokufarira-kuwanda kwehutano zvinogona kukonzera mutengo kuwira uye kuramba wakaderera kwenguva yakareba, zvinogona kumanikidzira mutengi kuti avhare kurasikirwa kana iye achida kutengesa chikwereti.
Vatengi, saka, vanoda kuve nechokwadi chokuti vanogona kutenga uye kubata chikamu chemari yehurumende kwemakore matatu asati atenga. Kuwedzeresa, mahofisi ehurumende mari - asi kuchengeteka kudarika, vanoti, mari yepamusoro-bhudha mari , hurumende inotanga kubhadhara , kana mashizha - haisi mari yakakodzera kune mumwe munhu ane nguva shoma yekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kana kuti uyo kuchengetedzwa kwekona ndiyo inonyanyokosha .
Nyaya yeMangota yeruzhinji bhadha mari inogona kuwanikwa pano, uye iwe unogona kuverenga kuongororwa kwemahofisi akasiyana-siyana emasangano eTFF pano .
High Yizvipo Vs. Investment Grade
Kunyange zvazvo mutsara we "high yield bonds" unowanzobatanidzwa nekodzero yemakambani, vatengesi vanogonawo kuisa mari yakawanda mumashamba emasisita. Kufanana nehuwandu hwezvibereko zvekurima, kukohwa kwakanyanya munis kunowanzova nekodzero yakawanda yekweretheni (kana kuti yakanyanya kukonzerwa nekutadza), asi inopawo zvibereko zvakakwirira. Vashandi vane nguva yakareba uye avo vanogona kubvumira ngozi yakawanda vanogona kushandisa yakakura-kutora munis senzira yekuwedzera yavo mushure mekubhadhara mutero. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pechinhu ichi chisina kubhadharwa pamakethe .
Mhando dzeMasipala Bonds
Kusungwa kweMasisita kunouya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, sezvinotsanangurwa muurongwa ruri pasi apa. Kana iwe uchida mamwe mashoko, zvibatanidzwa kumagumo echikamu chino zvinopa mamwe mashoko pamusoro pemhando imwe yehutano.
- Zvose zvinotarisirwa Bonds: Uyewo inonzi GOZ , izvi zvibvumirano zvinotsigirwa ne "kutenda kwakakwana uye chikwereti" chemunhu anopa chikwereti, pasina chinangwa chaicho chakaonekwa sechinhu chemari.
- Revenue Bonds : Zvikwereti zvinotsigirwa nemari inokonzerwa nehuwandu hweprojekiti inobhadharwa nehutano hwehutano.
- Mafungiro Okufungidzira : Bhizimisi rinobudiswa nesangano rinoda kuzadzisa nguva shomanana mari. Kana imwe sangano ichitambira mari iyo "inotarisira," inoshandisa mari iyi kubhadhara zvivimbiso pakunamata.
- Mari Inoshandiswa Kubhadharwa Kwemagetsi : Chikamu chekuti mutengi anodzikinura, kana kuti "kudana," kubva kune vashandi vasati vasvika musi wekukura. Kana zvikwereti zvinenge zvichiwira, vanotora "vanogona" kudana "zvibvumirano zvavakabudisa pamatunhu akakwirira kuitira kuti vaderedze mari yavo yekutora. Kana munhu anenge atengesa akatengesa hutsva (pasi-kubvumira) bvumirano, inoshandisa mari yacho kutenga zvigaro zveHurumende zvinokura kana kuti pedyo nenguva yakafanana neyoyo yakatanga. Kufarira kunobva kuChealthy issue kunobhadhara chikwereti pamusoro pezvisungo zvakagara zvadzorerwa kusvikira zvakura, nepo mukuru kubva kuChikoro cheHurumende achikura achibhadhara mukuru.
- Bhizimisi dzeMasisita eInishuwarenzi : Mabhendi akachengetedzwa masangano ehurumende ndeyezvisungo zvehutano zvinotakura inshuwarisi yega yega inotsigira mukuru wechibvumirano uye chikwereti chichabhadharwa kana chiitiko chacho chisingaiti kudaro.
- Kuvaka America Zvikwereti : Uyewo anozivikanwa se "BABs," aya ndiwo masisita ehurumende akabudiswa kubva muna April 2009, kusvika muna December 2010, senhengo yeAmerica Recovery uye Reinvestment Act. Kusiyana nemadzitateguru emunis, mari inoshandiswa inokwana zvachose kune vatyairi.
- Green Bonds : Bhandi inoshandiswa mari yekushandisa mari yekuchengetedza zvinhu zvakasununguka. Nhengo dzakawanda dzehutano dzinopa chikamu chemari kubva kune izvo zvinokonzera, asi hutano hwemagetsi ndihwo hunonyatsosarudzwa kuti zvivepo.
Zvinonzwisisika : Mashoko ari pawebsite ino anopa zvinangwa zvekukurukurirana chete, uye haafaniri kutorwa semazano ekutsvaga mari. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu iyo ruzivo runomiririra hutungamiri kutenga kana kutengesa zvigumisiro. Nguva dzose taurirana nemudzidzisi wekutsvaga mari uye muteresi wezvemitero usati waita mari.