Municipal bonds zvinowanzopa chibereko chakanaka kupfuura mari yeUnited States yevatengesi mune zvikwata zvepamusoro zvekuteresa, asi uripi uchibhadhara muhutano hwekutora chibereko chakawedzerwa? Mhinduro shoma: kwete zvakanyanya sezvaunofunga.
Zvichida Risk Is Low
Kubva pakudzidza kwakaitwa nebazi rakasarudzwa rinowanikwa muhofisi Moody's, zvinowanikwa pamashamba ehurumende zvinokwanise kubhadhara vatengesi kune zvimwe zvinetso.
Mumakore makumi maviri nemaviri ekupera kwegore ra2011, 100% yeAaa-rated municipal bonds yakapa zvese zvinotarisirwa uye chikwereti chikuru kuvashambadzi, asi 99.9% yeAa-rated bonds vakaita saizvozvo. (Aaa ndiyo yakakosha kwazvo; Aa ndiyo yechipiri yakakwirira). Pasi rose, chete 0.8% yezvisungo zveuni zvakaratidza kushandiswa kwebhizinesi risina kukwana mukati memakore gumi ekubudiswa.
Unhu hwepamusoro hunoita huri nani kupfuura hutsika hwepamusoro-soro kunyange munguva dzehupfumi dambudziko kubva kune avo vanotora zvikwereti vane simba rakakwana remari kuti varambe vachibhadhara kunyange pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunyange pasi-rated municipal municipal issuers vane chiitiko chakashata chekusiya. Kubva muna 1970-2011, 7.94% yepasi apa-kushandiswa kwema grade grade muni zvisungo zvakashata. (Aaa, Aaa, uye A inonzi ibhuku rekutsvaga, apo vamwe vasara vari pasi apa-girasi rekutsvaga, kana kukura kwepamusoro). Kunyange zvazvo mitemo isina kukwana yezvisungo zvakaderera zvakanyanya (B uye pasi) zvakange zvisingasviki 20%, izvi zvisungo zvakaderera zvinoumba chikamu chiduku chekodhi muni yemari.
Nokuda kwemahofisi emakakatengesi emakambani pamwe chete - zvose zviri zviviri zvekutsvaga kwekutsvaga uye yezvibereko zvakanyanya -chete 0.13% yezvinhu zvose zvakarongwa zvakasarudzwa mukati memakore gumi mumakore kubva muna 1970 kusvikira muna 2011. Munguva ino, paiva nemakore makumi manomwe nematanhatu akasiyana nematambudziko 9 700 yakarongwa naMoody's. Mutengo wacho wakatorwa mune imwe nyika inotyisa ya2010-2011, uye zvikamu zvishanu zve55 zvakashata pagore panguva iyi zvichienzaniswa na 2.7 kubva muna 1970 kusvika muna 2009.
Kunyange zvazvo komisheni zvisungo zvichitakura zvikamu zvengozi, uhu huno huchapupu huzhinji hwokuti kukanganisa kwezvakanaka mumatengesi emunyika zvakanyanya kunyangwe zvisinei nezvakasiyana-siyana zvakashata zvakaitika muna 2012 na2013. Chiitiko chikuru: vatengesi muzvisungo zvakasiyana vanogona zvikuru kuderedza kusvikidzika kwake kutadza kuburikidza nekutarisa kune zvakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya.
Zvikonzero zveKuderera Kwakawanda
Ramba uri mupfungwa, mutengo wezvisungo zvakashata hazviiti kuti uende kune zero - vatengesi vanogona kutarisira zvimwe zvingaita kuti vadzoke. Mukuongorora kwe2009, iyo inoshandiswa muzvikwereti iyo Asset Dedication inopa tsanangudzo inotevera yeruzivo rwekukanganisa mumashamba emuguta: "... kune huwandu hwezvidziviriro mumushambadziro wemashamba ehurumende zvinoderedza mukana wekukwiridzirwa kwepamusoro ... Kuvandudzwa kwemitemo, kusasarura, uye kutarisa kwakaunza humwe hutano kumusika. Bondinishuwarenzi yeBond inopa vashandisi nehuwandu hwezvidziviriro ... Mukuwedzera kune nhamba yezvidziviriro zvinobatsira kuvandudza vatengi vemari kuti vaongorore mahofisi ehurumende, kubva pane zvavanoona, kusagadzirisa zvisungo zvingangovhara mubudisi kunze kwemusika. Kubvira pakashambadzirwa mushambadziro ndiyo ndiyo yakanakisisa yekupa mari kune masunharaunda, kusagadzikana kungoita zvisinganzwisisiki. "
Basa Rinodiwa Nengozi Yengozi
Kunyange zvazvo pangozi pangozi yakaderera, masisita emasisita anowanikwa pasi pekuda kwehuwandu hwehutengo , kana kuti njodzi yokuti kuwedzera kwemitengo kunotungamirira kumatombo achiwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kuvarimi vemari mubhadha mari uye mari inoshandiswa-kutengesa mari (ETFs) inoshandiswa mumunis. Kana Treasury ikakwira ichienda (zvinoreva kuti matengo ari kuwira) zvinowanzoitika kuti masisita emasungwa achatevera. Vashandi vanozoonawo kukosha kwavo kwekutsauka kunyange kana kutadza kuri kuramba kwakaderera.
Somugumisiro, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chokuti mari yaunosarudza yakakodzera nguva yako yepamusoro, zvinangwa, uye kushushikana kweruzhinji . Kana uchitarisa mari, inobhadhara kutarisa zvakanyatsoona kuona maneja akaita sei pasi pamisika, rudzi rwepi runyorwa runa iye ane, uye unhu hwekuchengetedzwa kwerudzi urwu.
Musoro weHumisi
Masangano eMaspala anotarisanawo nehutano hwemashoko akashata, akadai apo apo yakashata yakashata inoita misoro. Chimwe chiitiko chekutsvaga kwepamusoro kwakaitika pakupera kwegore ra2012 apo muongorori Meredith Whitney akapfuura Maminitsi makumi 60 uye akafanotaura kuti kuderera kwemamiriro ehupfumi kunogona kutungamirira ku "spate" yekutadza pakati pevashandi vemunharaunda. "Iwe unogona kuona zvigadziriswe makumi mashanu, makumi mashanu kusvika kuzana zvisingakwanisi, zvimwe," Whitney akati. "Izvi zvichava mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora" zvakasiyana-siyana. "Izvi zvinotyisa zvinotyisa vatengesi uye vakafambisa misika yemasisita pasi kusvika 6% muvhiki dzakatevera. Apo pamusika pakupedzisira yakapera mwedzi miviri gare gare, misika yemuni yakanga yakarashika anenge 10% yehuwandu hwayo kubva panguva yehurukuro.
Kunyange zvazvo zviitiko zvakadaro zvichigona kutaura pamusoro penguva yavanenge vaitika, masisita-bhizimusi emakakiti ekudengenyeka ane chokuita nemisoro yepamusoro chaizvoizvo ave achitsvaga kutenga mikana nenguva.
The Bottom Line
Dambudziko rekuti chero munhu wega komisheni akabatanidzwa nekodzero yakawanda yekwereti ichasakanganiswa, asi kunyange zvazvo munhu wose achiisa mari mumubvunzo mumwe nomumwe anofanira kuita tsvakurudzo yakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira kuziva kuti zvisizvo hazvishamisi, zvinokosha zvakare kuchengetedza mupfungwa kuti zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinowanikwa.