Inflation Risk
Nemhaka yekuchengeteka kwavo kwakakwana, zvisungo hazvirevi kupa zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kukuvara kana kupera kwepamuviri kuchikwira. Fungidzira, somuenzaniso, kuti iwe unotenga chikwereti cheMarivha chinopa chikwereti cha 3.32%.
Izvo zvine chokuita nekuchengeteka kwekutsvaga iwe sezvaunogona kuwana. Chero bedzi iwe uine hutano kusvikira hukura uye hurumende yeUnited States isingagumburwi, hapana chinogona kukanganisa ....
Kana uwandu hwekuwedzera kwezvinhu hukwira, ichiti, 4 muzana, kubhadhara kwako haisi "kuchengetedza nehupfumi." Kutaura zvazviri, iwe unenge u "kurasikirwa" mari nokuti kukosha kwemari yawakapa muhutano iri kuderera. Iwe uchatora chikwereti chako kana hutano hukura, asi huchava husina maturo. Cherechedza: pane zvisiri pamutemo uyu. Semuenzaniso, Dhipatimendi reMariki inotengesawo motokari yemari inonzi Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities.
Nharaunda Yehuwandu Ngozi
Mitengo yeBond ine ukama hwakasiyana nehuwandu hwezvibereko. Apo imwe inomuka, imwe inowira. Kana iwe uchifanira kutengesa bhadha isati yakura, mutengo waunogona kutora uchave wakatarwa kune chikwata chekufarira nzvimbo panguva yekutengeswa. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana mitengo yakasimuka kubva "iwe wakapfigirwa" iwe kudzoka kwako, mutengo wekuchengetedza uchawa.
Zvose zvisungo zvinoderedzwa nemari yezvibereko. Kuverenga kushungurudzika kwehupi hupi hunobatanidza nehuwandu hwekuchinja hunosanganisira pfungwa yakaoma yakawanda inonzi nguva. Asi vashandi vekutsvaga vatengi vanofanira kuziva zvinhu zviviri bedzi nezvekuda kwehuwandu hwekuda .
Kutanga, kana iwe uine chekuchengeteka kusvika pakukura, rubatsiro rwehuwandu hwehutachiwana harusi chinhu.
Iwe uchadzoka zvakare mukuru mukuru pakukura. Chechipiri, kutengeswa kwezero-coupon , iyo inoita kuti vose vanofarira zvikwereti kana hutano huri kukura, ndihwo hunonyanya kunetseka kune chikwata chekuda mari.
Default Risk
Chisungo hachisi chinhu chinenge chiri chivimbiso chekubhadhara chikwereti chikwereti. Uye zvivimbiso zvinoitwa kuti zviputswa. Makambani anopera. Cities uye inotaura zvisingatauri pazvisungo zveuni. Zvinhu zvinoitika ... uye zvakashata ndicho chinhu chakaipisisa chinogona kuitika kune musungwa. Kune zvinhu zviviri zvekuyeuka pamusoro pengozi yekutengesa.
Kutanga, iwe haufaniri kuongorora ngozi iwe pachako. Zvikwereti zvekubhadhara zvikwereti zvakadai seMoody's. Ichokwadi, chikwereti chikwereti chikwata hachisi chinhu chinongopera. Zvisungo zvisingabatsiri , izvo zvine ngozi yakanyanya kuisa panjodzi, zviri pasi pechiyero. Aaa yakarongedza chikwereti chekambani, apo kusakanganiswa kunoonekwa sechinhu chisingaitike zvikuru, chiri pamusoro.
Chechipiri, kana uri kutenga chikwereti chehurumende yeUnited States, ngozi yako yakaipa haisipo. Iko chikwereti chinotengeswa neChipatimendi cheMariki chinovimbiswa nekutenda kwakakwana uye chikwereti chehurumende yehurumende. Hazvigoneki kuti vanhu vanonyanya kuisa mari yacho vachasara pane chikwereti chavo.
Downgrade Risk
Dzimwe nguva unotengesa bhandi nepamusoro , kunze kwekuona kuti Wall Street inotevera inotarisana nenyaya yacho.
Izvozvo zvinoderedza ngozi . Kana zvikwata zvekubhadhara chikwereti zvakadai se Standard & Poor's naMoody zvakaderedza zvavanoona pachibvumirano, mutengo wezvisungo izvozvo zvichawa. Izvozvo zvinogona kukuvadza mumwe mubhadhari anofanirwa kutengesa bhadha asati akura. Uye kuderedza dambudziko kwakaoma nechinhu chinotevera pane urongwa, kuisa mari kune ngozi.
Liquidity Risk
Musika wezvisungo zvakanyanya kuderera kudarika yekutengesa. Chokwadi chisinganzwisisiki ndechokuti kana bvumo inotengeswa pamusika wechipiri, hakusi nguva dzose mutengi. Kuvharirwa kwehuwandu kunotsanangura ngozi iyo apo iwe unoda kutengesa bhandi, haugoni. Kuipa kwehuwandu hakusipo kune chikwereti chehurumende. Uye kugoverana mubhadharo rinogona kushandiswa nguva dzose. Asi kana iwe unobata chero rumwe rudzi rwechikwereti, ungawana zvakaoma kutengesa.
Reinvestment Risk
Zvizhinji zvehutano hwehutano hunyoro. Zvinorevei ndezvokuti mubhadhadzi wehurumende anowana kodzero ye "kudana" yezvisungo mushure mekukura uye kubhadhara chikwereti.
Izvozvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuinvestment ngozi . Vanoshambadziri vanowanzoda kushevedzera zvisungo apo inhamba yezvibereko inowira. Izvozvo zvinogona kuva njodzi kune mumwe munhu aifarira kuti ainge akavhara muhuwandu hwekuda uye nehutano hwekuchengeteka.
Somuenzaniso, ngatiti iwe wakanga wakaita zvakanaka, yakachengeteka Aaa-rated bond bond yakakubhadhara iwe 4% pagore. Zvadaro zvikwereti zvinowira ku $ 2%. Sungano yako inoshevedzwa. Iwe uchadzoka iwe mukuru wako, asi iwe haugoni kuwana chibvumirano chitsva, chakafanana chinogona kuisa iyo gurukota. Kana uwandu hwawa kusvika 2%, iwe hausi kuwana 4% nekanaka, yakachengeteka itsva Aaa-rated bond.
Ridza Mungozi
Pakupedzisira, mumusika wezvisungo, kune nguva dzose njodzi yekubviswa. Kusiyana nemusika wekutengeserana , uko matengo uye kutengesa zviri pachena, zvizhinji zvebato rezvisungo rinoramba riri rima. Kune zvipo. Uye vashandi vekutsvaga mari vanofanira kusunga kuita bhizinesi munzvimbo idzodzo.
Semuenzaniso, bhamba mari yebhandi yakaisvonaka yakajeka. Zvinongotora chiduku chiduku chekutsvakurudza kuti chione kana pane mutoro (kutengesa commission) pane mari. Uye zvinongotora mamwe mashoma mashoma kuti uone kana mutoro iwoyo iwe unoda kubhadhara.
Kutenga hurumende chikwereti chinhu chisinganyanyi kunetsa chero bedzi iwe uchitarisana nehurumende pachayo kana imwe imwe nzvimbo inorumbidzwa. Kunyange kutenga mitsva mitsva yekambani kana chikwereti chenyu kwete zvose zvakaipa.
Asi yemusika wechipiri wezvisungo mumwe nomumwe haisi nzvimbo yevatengesi vashomanana. Zvinhu zviri nani pane zvaimbova. Sangano re TRACE (Trade Reporting uye Compliance Engine) rakaita zvishamiso kuti ripe mumwe munhu wehurumende vashandi neruzivo rwavanoda kuita ruzivo rwekutsvaga mari.
Asi iwe unenge wakamanikidzwa kuti uwane chero mupi wezvakanaka wezvemari uyo anokwanisa kukurudzira kuti iwe wega wekutsvaga mari aende kumusika wechipiri ari oga.