Zvisungo zvehurumende zvinokanganisa nezvose zvinokonzera chikwereti , kana kuti njodzi yekusiyiwa pakati pevaya vanobudisa zvikwereti, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu, kana huwandu hwehuwandu huripo.
Ngozi uye Bonds Bhizinesi
Zvimwe ngozi ndezvishoma zvishoma muzvisungo zvekambani, zvikurukuru pakati pezvinhu zvakakwirira zvakarongwa.
Maererano nekuongorora kwakaitwa nehuwandu hwemari yekuita mari yeAthened Dedication LLC, njodzi dzezvisungo zvekambani dzinobhadhara chibereko chakawedzerwa kune vakasiyana-siyana, venguva yakareba varimi. Mumakore makumi mana (yakapera muna 2009), zvizere zve 98.96% zveAaa uye Aa-rated bond bonds zvakange zvapa zvese zvinotarisirwa uye zvikwereti zvikuru kuvashambadzi. Aaa naAa ndiyo mbiri mbiri dzekubhadhara chikwereti. Unhu hwepamusoro hune hutano huri nani huri nani kupfuura hutsika hwehutsika hwakatomira kunyange panguva dzenhamo dambudziko, kubva kune avo vanotora zvikwereti vane simba rakawanda rezvemari kuti varambe vachibhadhara kunyange pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa.
Zvisinei, zvimwe chetezvo hazvigoni kutaurwa kune vakaderera vadzidzisi. Pasi pane tafura inoratidza huwandu hwenyaya dzisina kutadza (zvakare, zvinoreva kukundikana kuita chido kana kuti kubhadhara kukuru) nevana vanotora mukati mekwereti imwe neimwe yezvikwereti pamusoro pemakore gumi okutanga mushure mekubudiswa, kubva muna 1970-2009.
Aaa, Aaa, uye A inonzi ibhuku rekutsvaga, apo zvigaro zvevasara zviri pasi pegorosi rekutsvaga, kana kukura kwakakwirira. Ramba uchifunga, chisungo chisina kukwana hazvirevi kuenda kune zero - vatengesi vanogona kutarisira zvimwe zvingaita kuti vadzoke.
- Aaa: 0.50%
- Aa: 0.54%
- A: 2.05%
- Baa: 4.85%
- Ba: 19.96%
- B: 44.38%
- Caa-C: 71.38%
Tichitarisa shure zvakare, tafura iyi inoratidza chiyero chakafanana, asi kwenguva iyo kubva muna 1920 kusvika muna 2009:
- Aaa: 0.9%
- Aa: 2.2%
- A: 3.3%
- Baa: 7.2%
- Ba: 19.2%
- B: 36.4%
- Caa-C: 52.8%
Kutora kubva kune deta iyi ndeyekuti muzvikwereti muzvisungo zvakasiyana zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mikana yekusakwanisa kuburikidza nekutarisa pane imwe sarudzo yekuzvidzivirira. Muchidzidzo chacho, Asset Dedication inorondedzera maererano nepamusoro-soro nenyaya, "Imari chete inoshandiswa nemitengo yakaderera inotarisirwa ndeyoHuwandu, maCD uye ((securities agency), iyo inopawo vatengesi michero yakaderera."
Ramba uchifunga mupfungwa, zvakare, kuti kuchinja mamiriro ehupfumi kunogadzira zvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi. Zvisungo zvehurumende zvinowanzopera apo hupfumi huri kutonhora, sezvo varimi vari kukura zvakanyanya pamusoro pekuti mabhizimisi emakambani ari pasi payo acharamba akasimba zvakakwana kuti avabvumire kuita zvose zvavanofarira uye zvikwereti zvikuru.
Pakupedzisira, zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti vashandi vehurumende yehurumende mari vane ngozi shoma shoma. Muchiitiko ichi, mungozi yekutadza kusakanganiswa haisi kunyanya kuongororwa, sezvo mahofisi akawanda anowanzove akasiyana-siyana pakati pezana remachengetedzo. Somugumisiro, kusakwanisa kumwe chete kunongogumira zvishoma.
Nharaunda Yehuwandu Ngozi
Kunyange pasina kunze kwechokwadi, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuitika.
Izvo zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvikuru zvinogona kumanikidzira kushanda kwezvisungo zvesangano zvisinei nokuti mumwe munhu anopa simba ndeapi:
- Kuwedzera kudyidzana kwemari : Sezvo kusungirwa kwehurumende kunotengeswa pa " chibereko chavo chakapararira " zvichienderana neUnited States Pfuma - kana mune mamwe mazwi, kubhadharira kunobatsira kwavanopa maererano nehurumende hurumende - kushambadzira muhutano hwehurumende hurumende kune zvakakonzera zvakakwana kune zvibereko zvemakambani ehurumende. Nguva yakareba yezvisungo zvesangano zvinonyanya kuve nehanya nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hunopfurikidza nehupfumi hwenguva refu
- Vaongorori vese vanofunga nezvehutengo : apo misoro yakanaka inobatsira varimi kuti vawedzere kuisa mungozi yekuti vabatane zvibvumirano, kusagadzikana mune zvehupfumi hwepasi rose kunogona kuita kuti vatengi vemusika vave dambudziko rakawanda-uye vanoita kuti vatsvake mari yakachengetedzwa.
Mari yeBond inonyanya kufarirwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu kubvira, zvakasiyana nemabatanidzwa evanhu, havakwanisi nguva yekukura .
Nenzira iyi, mari inogona kurasikirwa nehuwandu uye vashandi havave nechokwadi chekugamuchira zvose zvekudzoka kwavo pane imwe nguva mune ramangwana.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvikonzero zvinokonzera kushanda kwezvisungo zvekambani.
Unogona Kurasikirwa Zvakadini?
Sezvo mari iri zvikwata zvehutori huzhinji hwevanhu huripo hunochinja huchienderana nemamiriro ekutengeserana anowanikwa, maitiro avo anokwanisa kuve nekunyanyisa. Muna 2008, guru rekutsvaga mabhizimisi eEFF - iShares iBoxx $ InvesTop Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF (ticker: LQD) - yakawira 15% mune imwe nyaya yevhiki apo kuwedzera kwematambudziko emari. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wakaipisisa kubva munhoroondo yemazuva ano, asi zvinoratidza kuti pane zvechokwadi inogona kuva nechepamusoro pamagariro ehurumende.
The Bottom Line
Dambudziko rekuti chero hutano hwekambani nekodzero yekwereti yakanyanya kushayikwa, haisi chokwadi, asi munhu wose anoisa mari mune imwe sangano yekodzero anofanira kuita tsvakurudzo yakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira kuziva dambudziko risati rapera, usakanganwa kuti mari yehutano ne ETFs zvisinei zvinopa ngozi dzisingabatanidzi kubudisa zvisiri izvo.