Dambudziko Rakakwirira, Kudzoka Kwakakwirira
Zvikwereti Zvikuru Zvikwereti zveMaspala 101
Kukwirira kukuru munis zvibvumirano zvinobudiswa nehurumende kana hurumende dzenharaunda dzisingabatanidzwi nemahofisi makuru ehurumende kana kuti vane zvikwereti zvekwereti zviri pasi pegorosi rekutsvaga.
Vashandi vanoita zvibereko zvakakura zvezvibereko nekuda kwechikonzero chakajeka: vanopa mari yakakwirira kudarika avo vanoita bhizinesi rekuenzanisa - kazhinji nepakati pematatu mapfumbamwe ekukwirira - uye havatori mutero muhurumende yezvematongerwo enyika, uye dzimwe nguva pamamiriro ehurumende uye emunharaunda naizvo. Zvisinei, nechibereko ichi chakakwirira chinouyawo kusiyana kwakakosha kana kuchienzaniswa nekutengesa mabhizimisi ebhizimusi:
Mucherechedzo : Kukohwa kwakanyanya mumusika kune maduku zvikuru kudarika mabhizimusi ekutsvaga mabhizimusi, saka hausi "mvura" zvishoma-zvinoreva kuti kutengesa mabhuku kwakadzika. Kune vashandi mune mutual funds kana mari inoshandiswa-kutengesa, iyi haisi nyaya; iyo inongowanikwa chete kune vashandi mune imwe pfuma. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinoreva zvakare kuti zvibereko zvakakura munis zvinogona kuva nechepamusoro apo nhamba dzezvisungo dzinowedzera.
Zvimwe Zvinetso Zvimwe Ngozi : Kunyange zvazvo hupfumi hwemasimende emashamba ehurumende hunovhiringidzwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiwana uye huwandu hunovhiringidzwa nehutengo hwekwereti , zvakasiyana ndezvechokwadi chekukohwa zvakanyanya.
Mune mamwe mazwi, kushanda kunotungamirirwa zvakanyanya nesimba rezvemari yevari kunze kwevabudisi panzvimbo pekufambisa mune zvechirwere. Zvinoreva kuti zvibereko zvakakura munis zvinonyanya kufunga nezvekuchinja kwehupfumi kupfuura huwandu hwekutsvaga mabhizimusi. Kukohwa kwepamusoro munis kunogona, saka, kupa huwandu hwekusiyana kwehupfumiroyo hunokosha zvikuru muhutano hwakanaka.
Higher Default Risk : Mumakore kubva muna 1970-2011, chete 0.8% yemashumo ehurumende yakaratidza kushandiswa kwebhizinesi rekutsvaga (kureva, kukundikana kutora chikwereti kana kuti chikwereti chikuru) mumakore gumi mushure mekubviswa. Kusiyana neizvi, 7.94% yepasi apa-kushandiswa kwema grade grade muni zvisungo zvakashata panguva ino. Zvinoratidza kuti njodzi dzisingagadziriswi, asi isinganyanyi kukwirira zvakakwana, yakakwirira zvikuru kune iri pasi-kubhizimisi-gwaro munis-iyo inogona kuitika apo hupfumi husina simba hunomanikidzira mari yehurumende nehurumende dzenharaunda.
Mhirizhonga Yakawanda : Sezvakagara iri nyaya, kukohwa kwakakwirira kunoreva ngozi yakakwirira . Somugumisiro, kuchinja kwekutengo kunogona kuva kukuru muzvibereko zvakakura mune chikamu ichienzaniswa nehupfumi hwematongerwo ebasa.
Heino muenzaniso wakaipisisa: panguva yekukwirira kwematambudziko emari ekupera kwegore ra2008, mahombekiti mazhinji ehupfumi emasitrasi akasakara anenge 20-25% mumwedzi mitatu kubva munaSeptember kusvika kuNovember. Kusiyana neizvi, mari yekutsvaga mari yegorosi inodururwa anenge 10-13%. Iyi yaiva nguva yakasiyana-siyana, asi inoshanda kuenzanisira kuti mahombekiti akawanda ekugadzirisa ari panjodzi yekurasikirwa kukuru pane kushandiswa kwebhizinesi rezvisungo apo misika inosvika kumaodzanyemba.
Kudzoka Kwenguva Yakareba : Kunyange njodzi yakakwirira inogona kushandura kune zvibereko zvakakwirira, hazvirevi nguva dzose kureva kudzoka kwakakwana munguva yakatarwa.
Kubva munaJanuary 31, 2014, somuenzaniso, gore rinosvika gore rose kudzoka kwemari mu Morningstar's High Yield Municipal Bond Funds chikamu chaive 3.67%, maererano ne 3.50% kudzoka kweMaspala National Intermediate Funds.
Vaya vari kufunga nezvekukohwa kwemahombekiti emumatare ehurumende vanofanira kuongorora zvinhu izvi kana vachifunga kana chibereko chekuwedzera chinovatsigira kune zvimwe zvinetso. Kubika zvakanyanya munis kunonyanya kukosha kune vashandi vanoita zvechisimba kana avo vane nguva yakareba kwenguva yakareba iyo inoita kuti vakwanise kuwana imwe nguva yenguva shoma.
Iwe Unofanirwa Kuva Mumabhanki eMasimusi Munzvimbo Yokutanga?
Usati wasarudza kuwanda kwemahofisi ako ekuisa mari yakawanda mukushambadzira kwebhidhiyo, inotanga kudiwa kuti uone kana iwe uchifanira, zvechokwadi, kuva mubhadharo-kwete, pane kutengesa, nyaya.
Kazhinji, vatengesi mubhasikiti dzepamusoro dzepamusoro vari nani pane zvekupedzisira, asi avo vari mubhakitari dzakakwirira vanobatsirwa kubva munis 'inobhadhara mitero. Kuti uone kana iwe uchifanirwa kufunga nezvekutengesa mitero kana kusungirwa mitero-pasina, tora pano .
Nzira Yokugadzira Nayo Mukudhura Kwekuda Zvikwereti zveMaspala
Sezvo chiyero chekusiyiwa pakati pezvivimbiso chimwechete chiri chakakwirira mumativi emusika uyu, chete ivo vanoyevedza zvikuru, vakakwirira-vane-vatengi vanokosha vanofanirwa kuedza kugadzira ivo pachavo ma-yield-municipal municipal bonds portfolios. Nenzira yakanaka, pane zvakawanda zvekusarudza zviripo mune zvose mutengo wemari uye mari inoshandiswa-kutengesa mari (ETFs). Zvose zvakakwana zvekukohwa kwehupfumi kumasangano emari pamwe chete nemamwe, matatu, uye makore mashanu anodzoka, inowanika kubva Morningstar. Kunewo ma ETF maviri anotarisa paatset class: SPDR Nuveen S & P High Yield Municipal Bond ETF (ticker: HYMB) uye Vecker Vectors High-Yield Municipal Bond Index ETF (HYD), iyo inogona kutengwa nekambani yekudhinda.
The Bottom Line
Kukohwa kwakanyanya munis 'zvibereko zvinogona kuwedzera kuwedzera pamusoro penguva, asi iva nechokwadi chokuti unonzwisisa zvakazara njodzi usati waita.
Zvinonzwisisika : Mashoko ari pawebsite ino anopa zvinangwa zvekukurukurirana chete, uye haafaniri kutorwa semazano ekutsvaga mari. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu iyo ruzivo runomiririra hutungamiri kutenga kana kutengesa zvigumisiro. Nguva dzose taurirana nemudzidzisi wekutsvaga mari uye muteresi wezvemitero usati waita mari.