Ichokwadi Chinokonzera Chikwata Chekutengesa
Maitiro Anoshandiswa Anoshanda Sei
Zvivako zvakawanda zvinotanga neavo chaiyo. Heino maitiro avanoshanda, vachishandisa kuchengetedzwa kwekwereti-kumitsigira semuenzaniso.
- Bhengi inokweretesa mari kumudzidzi wemba.
- Bhizinesi rinozotengesa chikwereti kuna Fannie Mae . Izvi zvinopa bhangi mari yakawanda yekuita zvikwereti zvitsva.
- Fannie Mae anotengesa chikwereti pane chimwe chezvimwe zvikwereti pamusika wechipiri . Iyi ndiyo kuchengetedzwa kwekwereti-backed, iyo inobatsira iyo inotorwa nehuwandu hwezvikwereti zvemuhomwe mu bundle.
- Kakawanda MBS inotengwa nehedge fund , iyo inobva yatora chikamu cheMBS, ngatitii yechipiri uye yechitatu yezvikwereti-zvinongoita chete, izvo zvinotyisa sezvo zvichienda mberi, asi zvakare inopa chikwereti chakakwirira chekufarira. Inoshandisa mapurogiramu akawandisa emakombiyuta kuti aone zvose izvi zvakaoma. Iko zvino inosanganisira iyo yakafanana nematambudziko emamwe MBS uye resells icho chikamu ichocho, chinonzi tranche , kune mamwe mazhenje emari.
- Zvose zvinofamba zvakanaka kusvikira dzimba dzeimba dzichiderera kana kuti zvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvinogadziriswa uye zvikwereti zvekare zvinotanga kusisina.
Ndizvo zvakaitika pakati pa2004 na2006 apo Federal Reserve yakatanga kusimudza mari yakawanda yemari .
Vakawanda vevakwereta vaine chikwereti-chikwereti chete , icho chiri chekugadzirisa -kutora mari . Kusiyana nechikwereti chinowanzoitwa , zviyero zvinokwidzika zvinokwira pamwe chete nemari inotengeswa mari. Apo Fed yakazotanga kukwidza mari, avo vanotora chikwereti-vakawana vakawana kuti havagone kuwana mari. Izvi zvakaitika panguva imwe chete iyo inotora chibereko ichidiwa zvakare, kazhinji mushure memakore matatu.
Sezvo nhamba yemari yakasimuka, kuda kwekugara kwakawa, uye ndizvo zvakaitawo matengo emusha. Izvo zvikwata zvekutengesa zvakawana kuti hazvigone kubhadhara kana kutengesa imba, saka vakasiya. Kune mamwe, ona Subprime Mortgage Crisis Timeline .
Chinonyanya kukosha, zvimwe zvikamu zveMBS zvakanga zvisina zvazvinobatsira, asi hapana aigona kuziva zvikamu zvipi. Sezvo pasina munhu ainyatsonzwisisa zvaive muBMS, hapana aiziva kuti kukosha kwechokwadi kweBMS chaiko chaiva. Uku kusava nechokwadi kwakaunza kupfigwa kwemashizha maviri, izvo zvino zvaireva kuti mabhangi neheji ye mari yakave nezvakawanda zvakagadzirwa izvo zvose zvaikundika uye zvaisagona kutengesa.
Munguva pfupi, mabhanki akamira akweretesa kune mumwe nemumwe zvachose, nokuti vaityira kugamuchira zvimwe zvigadziriswa zvisingabatsiri sezvibvumirano. Apo izvi zvakaitika, vakatanga kutora mari kuti vabhadhara mabasa avo zuva nezuva. Kune zvakawanda, ona 2007 matambudziko emari matanho .
Ndicho chakaita kuti bhengi rebhailout bill . Yakave yakagadzirirwa kuti iwane zvinyorwa izvi kubva mabhuku e mabhangi saka vanogona kutanga kuita zvikwereti zvakare.
Haisi kungoita mari yekutengesa inopa chinhu chakakosha chezvinhu zvakatorwa. Mimwe mhando dzezvikwereti uye mari inogonawo, zvakare. Semuenzaniso, kana chikonzero chaicho chiri chikwereti chekambani, chikwereti chekwereti chikwereti kana kuti zvikwereti zvemotokari, ipapo iyo inotumidzwa inonzi yakaiswa chikwereti chikwereti .
Rudzi rweCDO rune pepa rekutengeserana rinotsigirwa , iro chikwereti chinokonzerwa mukati megore. Kana iri inshuwarheni yemari chikwereti, chiwanikwa chacho chinonzi chikwereti chinokanganisa .
Handizvo chete izvo zvinotengesa zvakanyanya zvakaoma uye zvakaoma kuzvikoshesa, hazvina kutenderwa neSevities and Exchange Commission . Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti hapana mimwe mitemo kana kuti zvinyorwa zvingabatsira kubatsira kuvimba nevatengi vemusika. Apo mumwe akazoputsika, saLehman Brothers vakaita, yakatanga kutya mukati meheji mari nemabhangi apo hurumende dzenyika dzichiri kuedza kugadzirisa zvachose.
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