Zvose Zvaunoda Kuziva Pamusoro peMambo Bonds
Hurumende dzehurumende dzinoisa chikwereti chezvikwereti chinonzi sovereign bonds , icho chinogona kushandiswa mune mari yemunharaunda kana pasi rose kuchengetedza mari, soro reAmerica kana euro. Mukuwedzera pakubhadhara zvirongwa zvehurumende zvekushandisa, zvisungo izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kubhadhara zvikwereti zvakwegura zvingave zviri kukura kana kungovhara zvikwereti zvinokonzerwa zvinouya.
Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa mamwe mazano anokosha kuziva kana zvinosvika kune hurumende zvisungo (zvakadai sezvibereko, kuverenga, uye kukanganisa chikwereti), uyewo kuti vatengesi vanogona kuzvitenga sei.
Changamire Bond Anobereka
Changamire bhitiko inobereka ndiyo inhara yekutambira iyo hurumende inobhadhara chikwereti chavo. Kufanana nezvisungo zvehurumende, hutano huri kubereka hunoenderana nengozi inowanikwa kune vatengi. Kusiyana nemabatanidzwa emakambani, njodzi idzi dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwekushandura (kana zvibatisirwa zvinotengeswa mumari yemunharaunda), njodzi dzoupfumi, uye njodzi dzezvematongerwe enyika dzinogona kutungamirira kuti zvigone kusakirwa kune chikwereti chekufarira kana mukuru.
Heino nhepfenyuro yakakurumidza yezvisungo zvitatu zvakakosha zvekutonga zvibvumirano:
- Chikwereti - chikwereti - Chikwereti chikwereti ndiko kukwanisa kuonekwa kwenyika kubhadhara zvikwereti zvayo zvichipiwa mamiriro ake ezvinhu. Kazhinji nguva, vatengi vanovimba nemasangano ekuenzanisa kuti vabatsire kutsvaga chikwereti chenyika ichi kubva pakukura kwemazana nezvimwe zvinhu.
- Dambudziko reNyika - Njodzi dzeMambo dziri kunze kwezvinhu zvinogona kubuda uye zvinopisa kukwanisa kwenyika kubhadhara zvikwereti zvayo. Semuenzaniso, sangano rezvematongerwe enyika rinogona kuve nechinangwa mukusimudza dambudziko rekusavapo pane dzimwe nguva kana mutungamiri asingatarisi anotora basa.
- Exchange Rate - Kuchinja kwemazana kunobatsira zvikuru pamasimba ehurumende akabatanidzwa munharaunda dzemunharaunda. Kutaura zvazviri, dzimwe nyika dzakanyanyisa nzira yavo yekubuda mune zvikwereti kuburikidza nekupa mari yakawanda, zvichiita kuti chikwereti chisanyanya kukosha.
Changamire Bond Ratings
Mutevedzeri & Nezvakaipa, Moody's uye Fitch ndivo vatatu vanonyanya kupiwa vatongi vekutonga kusarudzwa . Kunyange zvazvo kune mamwe mahofisi akawanda ezvitoro, "makuru matatu" masangano ehurumende anotakura zvinorema pakati pevatengesi venyika yose. Kuvandudza nekudengenyeka kwakaitwa nemasangano aya kunogona kutungamirira kuchinje chekuita mukutonga kushandiswa kwezvibereko pane nguva.
Changamire chisungo chikwata chakavakirwa pane zvimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira:
- Per Capita Income
- Gross Domestic Product Growth
- Inflation
- Debts kunze
- Nhoroondo yeChinja
- Economic Development
Changamire Bond Kusiyana
Changamire chisungo chisina kufanana, asi chakaitika kakawanda munguva yakapfuura. Chimwe chezvakaitika kare zvakanyanya kuitika muna 2002, apo Argentina yakanga isingakwanisi kudzorera chikwereti chayo mushure mekudarika kwemakore kuma1900. Sezvo mari yemunyika yacho yakanga yakanyongedzwa nehurumende yeUnited States, hurumende yakanga isingagoni kubvisa nzira yayo kunze kwematambudziko ayo uye pakupedzisira yakasara.
Mimwe miviri miviri yakakurumbira yaiva muRussia neNorth Korea. Russia yakasarudzwa pamusangano wayo wekutonga muna 1998 uye yakavhundutsa mhirizhonga yenyika, iyo yaifunga kuti masimba makuru enyika haazogadziri pane chikwereti chavo. Uye muna 1987, North Korea yakashandura zvikwereti zvayo mushure mekusava nemabasa ekugadzirisa mhirizhonga yayo uye kushandisa mari yakawandisa pakuwedzera kwayo kwechiuto.
Kutenga Changamire Bonds
Vatengesi vanogona kutenga madzishe ehurumende kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. US bondory bonds inogona kutengwa zvakananga kuburikidza neHurumende yeUnited States, kuburikidza neHaiduryDirect.gov, kana mukati memadhora akawanda eUnited States. Zvisinei, kutenga zvigaro zvekutonga kune dzimwe nyika zvinogona kuva zvakaoma zvikuru kune vashandi vanobva muU.S., kunyanya kana vachida kushandiswa kweUnited States.
Kune dzimwe nyika dzakasununguka zvigaro zvisungo zviri nyore zvakatengwa kuburikidza nekuchinjana-kutengesa mari (ETFs). Changamire chibatanidza ETFs vanoita kuti vatengesi vatenge mabhizimisi ehurumende muhuwandu hwehutano hunogona kutengeswa nyore nyore ku US stock exchange. Iyi ETFs yakasiyana-siyana inowanzobata zvisungo zvakasiyana-siyana uye inopa hutano hwakasimba pane humwe hurumende husungo.
Key Takeaway Points
- Changamire zvisungo ndezvikwereti zvinokonzerwa nehurumende dzehurumende mune mari yemunharaunda kana mari yemarudzi ose, kufanana nedhora reAmerica kana euro.
- Changamire bond zvibereko zvinonyanya kukanganiswa nekwerekiti, njodzi yenyika uye kuenzana kwemari.
- Changamire kusungirwa kwezvikwata zvinowanzobudiswa ne Standard & Poor's, Moody's, uye Fitch, uye kupa vashandi vanofunga nezvehutongi hwehutongi hwehutongi.
- Vashandi vanogona kutenga zvigaro zvehurumende zviri nyore kuburikidza nekutsinhana-kutengesa mari inoshandiswa kuUnited States.