Ko Fascism Inogona Kuitika Mukuda Kwevanhu
Mu fascism, zvido zvenyika zvinopfuura zvose zvese zvevanhu. Inotsvaka kudzorera rudzi kune imwe yakambove yakachena uye yakasimba.
Inobatsira munhu wega wega uye bhizinesi muchiratidzo ichi chezvinhu zvakanaka zvehurumende. Mukutsvaga kwayo kuita kudaro, inoda kuva "munhu anodheerera," akadaro George Orwell mu "Chii ChiFascism?"
Fascism inoshandisa uhu hwenyika huno kuti iwedzere kufarira munhu mumwe nomumwe. Inogadzirisa hutano hwevanhu vakawanda kuti vaite zvinangwa zvevanhu. Inoshanda nehutano hwemagariro evanhu, pane kuvaparadza. Inotarisa "kuchenesa mukati uye kuwedzera kwekunze," maererano naPurofesa Robert Paxton mu " The Anatomy of Fascism ." Izvi zvinogona kururamisa kushandiswa kwechisimba kubvisa ruzhinji rwevashoma nevashori.
Kufambisa kwechiFascist uye hurumende zvakasiyana nehutongi hwechiuto uye hurumende dzehurumende. Vanotsvaka kutsvaga pane kusarura vanhu vazhinji. Vanowanzoputsa musiyano pakati pehurumende yevanhu uye yega. Inobvisa zvido zvemunharaunda pachedu kuburikidza nekuzviisa muhuwandu hwakanaka.
Mumazwi aRobert Ley, mukuru weHazi yebazi reNazi, munhu oga wega wega aive muNazi Germany aiva mumwe munhu akarara.
Fascism inobva muzwi rechiLatini inofarira . Yaiva musungo wakasungirirwa wematanda akapoteredza demo uye chiratidzo chekare reRoma. Zvaireva kuti vanhu vari munharaunda vanofanira kukanganisa kuda kwavo kwekunaka kwehurumende.
Zvinhu Zvinomwe zveFascism
Fascism inoshandisa Social Darwinism seyo "scientists" hwaro. Inotonga zvidzidzo zvipi zvese zvinotsigira pfungwa yemamiriro ehurumende uye hukuru hworudzi rukuru rwenyika. Tsvakurudzo inofanira kutsigira maonero aFascism kuti nyika yakasimba inofanirwa kuve yakabatana kuti irege kudzivirirwa.
Hurumende dzeFascist dzine zvinhu zvinomwe izvi:
- Kutengeswa: Nyika inosangana uye inobatanidza nesimba rekushanda uye dzimwe nguva kereke.
- Rudzi Rwenyika : Vatungamiri vanokoshesa chido chekuda kudzokera kune imwe nguva yegoridhe yapfuura. Izvozvo zvinogona kusanganisira kudzokera kuhupenyu huri nyore, hwakanaka hwehufundisi.
- Kuita zvechiuto: Vanokudza simba rechiuto kuburikidza ne propaganda.
- Baba Chiratidzo: Mutungamiri anotora basa rababa vemunyika. Anogadzira nzvimbo yechitendero se "mutongi asingatauri akatarisa munhu."
- Misa Kufuratira: Mutungamiriri anotaura kuti vanhu, vakaratidzirwa sehurumende, vanogona kuita chero chinhu. Kana vasingabudiriri, ndezvikonzero zvevaya vanoita basa, mapoka mashoma uye masabata.
- Hurumende yekuongororwa: Hurumende inotora basa rinoita mukudzivisa kusagumburwa. Iyo inokomborera vanhu vanorondedzera pamusoro pomumwe nomumwe.
- Kutambudzwa: Hurumende inotambudza mapoka mashomanana, uye vapikisi.
Kubatsirwa
Fascist yeupfumi inobatsira pakushandura zvikamu zvevanhu zvizere kuti zvienderane nemarongerwo aanoronga.
Vane zvizhinji zvezvikomborero zvakafanana zvehupi hupi hwakarongwa hupfumi huripo. Inogona kuunganidza hupfumi huzhinji pamwero mukuru. Iyo inotungamirira mapurogiramu makuru uye inoita simba rekushanda. Semuenzaniso, hupfumi hweRussia hwakagadzirirwa hukuru hwakavaka simba rawo rehondo kukunda maNazi. Yakakurumidza kuvakazve hupfumi hwayo mushure meHondo Yenyika II.
Kukanganisika
Pakati pemasimba ekugadzirira haagoni kuwana zvakarurama, zvakadzama, uye nenguva yakakodzera pamusoro pezvinodiwa nevatengi. Izvozvo zvinowanzoitika mumutengo wemusika wepachena . Asi vatungamiri vepakati vanoisa mibairo nemitengo. Vanorasikirwa nemhinduro yakakosha idzi zviratidzo zvinopa pamusoro pekupa uye kudiwa.
Somugumisiro, pane kazhinji kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvekutengesa . Zvose zvinogadzirwa kune avo vanoshumira nharaunda yenyika, sezvombo zvehondo uye mabasa ehurumende.
Kuti vatsigire, vagari vanogadzira misika yakasvibirira kuti vatengese zvinhu izvo fascist hupfumi hahupi. Izvi zvinokanganisa kuvimba kwevanhu muhurumende uye zvinokonzera kushungurudza uye kupandukira munguva refu.
Fascism inoshora kana kurwisa avo vasingabatsiri kuwana zvido zvenyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira mapoka mashomanana, vakwegura, avo vanokurudzirwa, uye vanochengeta. Inoshanyira mapoka kuti inopomera zvirwere zvepanguva yakapfuura. Zvimwe zvinotaridzirwa sechinhu chisingadikanwi kana chikonzero chisingadikanwi chekukurira. Inogona kuonekwa seyakashata kune genetic pool uye yakasvibiswa.
Fascism inobatsira chete avo vanoenderana nemitemo yenyika. Vangashandisa simba ravo kugadzirisa hurongwa uye kugadzira zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvekupinda. Izvi zvinosanganisira mitemo, zvidzidzo zvedzidzo, uye mari. Mukufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinogona kugadzirisa zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvitsva zvinogadzira .
Fascism inorega kubhadhara mari yekunze, yakadai sekusvibiswa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore uye zvinowanikwa. Inoparadzawo zvisikwa zvepanyika uye inoderedza hupenyu hwehupenyu munzvimbo dzakakanganiswa.
Kusiyana pakati peFascism, Capitalism, Socialism, uye Communism
| Itai | Fascism | Communism | Socialism | Capitalism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zviitiko zvekugadzirwa ndezvako | Vanhu | Munhu wose | Munhu wose | Vanhu |
| Zvinhu zvekugadzirwa zvinokosha | Nation Building | Kushandisa kuvanhu | Kushandisa kuvanhu | Pfuma |
| Kugoverwa kusarudzwa ne | Central plan | Central plan | Central plan | Mutemo wekupa uye kuda |
| Kubva pane imwe neimwe maererano nezvake | Kukosha kuNyika | Ability | Ability | Market inosarudza |
| Kune umwe neumwe maererano nezvaanoita | Need | Contribution | Kuwana, upfumi uye kukwereta mano |
Fascism Inopesana neChechi
Fascism uye hutungamiri hwematongerwo enyika zvose zvinobvumira kushandiswa kwebhizimisi. Fascist society inoridzosera iyo kune avo vanobatsira mukurudziro yenyika. Vashandi vezvemabhizimisi vanofanira kutevera mirairo yevanoronga pakati. Vanogona kuva vanobatsira zvikuru. Asi kwete nokuti vari kusangana nemusika.
Vazhinji vezvemabhizimisi vane pfungwa dzakazvimirira. Vanosarudza kutora mirairo kubva kune vatengi, kwete hurumende. Fascism inogona kuparadza mweya wezvokutengeserana, nokudaro nekudzikisa zvitsva. Innovation inogadzira mabasa, mamwe mari emitero, uye nhamba dzakakwirira dzezvitoro. Nyika dzeFascist dzinorasikirwa nerudzi urwu rwakaenzanisa kune dzimwe nyika. Nokuda kweizvi, inyanzvi yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvesayenzi chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti America iite nhanho dzakawanda mberi kwemarudzi akawanda. Silicon Valley ndiyo inyanzvi yeAmerica inobatsira .
Fascism, kufanana nehupfumi, haina kukurudzira kuenzana kwemukana . Avo vasina chikafu chakakodzera, rubatsiro, uye dzidzo haigone kuitisa kumitambo. Sangano haruzombobatsirwi neunyanzvi hwavo hunokosha.
Fascism Inopesana neHumanism
Mune zvose fascism uye socialism , hurumende inobhadhara makambani nekuda kwekugovera kwavo. Misiyano ndeyokuti hurumende dzehutano hune ma kambani mumakambani ekugadzira zvakananga. Izvo zviri mumafuta, gasi, uye mamwe magetsi ane chokuita nemasimba.
Hurumende dzeFascist dzinobvumira vagari vemo voga kuti vave yavo. Hurumende inogona kuva nemamwe makambani, asi zvinowanzogadzirisa mabhokisi emabhizimisi mukati memabhizimisi. Inopa mazvibvumirano, nokudaro kusarudza vatenzi vebhizimisi kuti vashumire hurumende.
Fascism Inopesana neKomonisiti
Munguva yakapfuura, fascism yakawana simba munyika umo communism yakanga yavawo ngozi. Vashandi vebhizimisi vaida mutungamiri weFascist nokuti vaifunga kuti vanogona kumudzora. Vakanga vaine kutya kwekuvandudzwa kwechikominisi uko vakarasa pfuma yavo yese nesimba. Vakanyanyisa kufambiswa kwehutungamiri kuvanhu vose.
Ko Fascism Inogona Kuitika Mukuda Kwevanhu
Vatungamiri veFascist vanogona kusimuka kusimba kuburikidza nesarudzo dzehurumende. Nyanzvi yezvehupfumi Milton Friedman akaratidza kuti demokarasi inogona kungovapo chete munharaunda ine hupfumi. Asi nyika dzakawanda dzave dziine hupfumi hwezvinhu zvehupfumi uye hurumende yakasarudzwa nehurumende. Asi Adolf Hitler akasarudzwa kuti ave nesimba muGermany. Akashandisa nzvimbo iyo kuti aparadze vavengi vake uye ave mutungamiri wepascist.
Fascism inokura kana zvinhu zvitatu zviripo zviri munzvimbo. Kutanga, rudzi rwacho runofanira kunge rwune dambudziko guru rezvemari . Chechipiri, vanhu vanotenda kuti masangano epo uye mapurisa ehurumende haakwanise kuvandudza mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Chinhu chechitatu chekushandisa ndiyo pfungwa yokuti nyika yakashandiswa kuva yakakura. Vanhu vanotarisa kune mutungamiri ane tsvimbo yekudzorera rudzi kuhukuru. Vanobvumira kurasikirwa kwehupfumi hwevanhu kana zvichivabvumira kudzokazve kubwinya.
Ungano yeUnited States ingagumburwa nefascism here? Kwete pasina kuputsa Mutemo. Chokutanga, inodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu vashoma kubva pamatambudziko anowanikwa neascist. Iyo yakaongorora uye zviyero. Mutungamiri weFascist aifanira kuparadza Congress nebazi reMutongi kuti awane simba rakazara.
Mutemo weUnited States unodzivirirawo mushamba wekusununguka, asi izvozvo zvinopindirana ne fascism. Semuyenzaniso:
- Chinyorwa I, Chikamu 8 chinosimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva kuburikidza nekodzero.
- Chinyorwa I, Zvikamu 9 ne10 zvinodzivirira kusununguka uye kusununguka kwekusarudza. Iyo inorambidza nyika kubva pakubhadhara mutero weumwe neumwe.
- Amendment IV inorambidza kuongorora kwehurumende kusinganzwisisiki uye kukanganisa, nokudaro kudzivirira pfuma yega.
- Amendment V inochengetedza pfuma yehupfumi.
- Amendment XIV inorambidza hurumende kuti irege kutora pfuma kunze kwekuita kwemutemo.
- Kuvandudzwa kweIX uye X kunogadzirisa simba rahurumende kune avo vakanyatsotsanangurwa muBumbiro reMitemo. Mamwe masimba ose asina kutaurwa anopiwa kuvanhu.
Mutemo weParamende unodzivirira hutungamiri hwematongerwo enyika uye democracy. Asi fascism haisi kufanana nekusangana kwemagariro evanhu kana communism. Inobvumira vashandi vebhizimisi kuchengeta makambani avo. (Inobva: James Dick, Jeffrey Blais, Peter Moore, "Chitsauko 1, Ko Mutemo Wakaumbwa Sei Nehupfumi muUnited States?" Civics neHurumende. )
Mienzaniso
Fascism yaiva imwe yemigumisiro yeHondo Yenyika I, Bolshevik Revolution, uye Great Depression . Hondo iyi yakagadzira mazana evanhu vakatsamwa uye vasina hanya. Vaifunga kuti hurumende yakanga yavatengesa nokuvatumira mukurwisana kusingakoshi. Ikuvandudza muRussia kwakaita kuti munhu wese anotya kupararira kweku communism. Kuora mwoyo kwakaita kuti vanhu vatsvega upenyu huri nani.
Vatungamiri veFascist vakabudirira kuburikidza nekukumbira kurudzi rwevanhu. Vakashandisa zvechisimba kutyisidzira vamwe. Vakatendesa vakuru vekutonga kugovera simba mukudzoka kwekurova ma Communist.
Italy . Benito Mussolini akatanga kushandisa izwi rokuti "fascist" muna 1919. Akasarudzwa, asi chete nemavhoti 4 796. Hurumende yaive iripo yakamubatsira kuti amire kusimba kurwisa ma Communist. Vaidawo kusarudza uye kushandisa varwi vake vechisimba. VaItaly vaifungidzira vaifunga kuti kubva pakuvandudzwa kwehurumende-nyika yaive yesayenzi, kuchengetedzwa kwayo kunofanira kuva chinhu chehurumende yenyika.
IItaly yakaronga makambani akazvimiririra mumasangano 22 aiva neFascist Party nhengo sevatungamiri vakuru. Mahofisi ehurumende aiva nezvikamu mumakambani akawanda akashandura. I Instituto Mobiliare yakaronga chikwereti chenyika.
Germany . Hitler akakunda 37.2 muzana yevhoti muna 1932. Vafumi vemabhizimisi vakapfuma vakabatsira chikamu chake. Mukudzoka, vakagamuchira zvibvumirano zvehurumende uye basa revaranda. Hurumende yehurumende inodzora mari yezvemari, yekugadzira, uye zvekurima. Vakabvumira vatenzi kuti vapfume kubva pfuma, vachideredza mibairo yevashandi.
Speini. Francisco Franco akatonga Spain kubva muna 1939 kusvika muna 1975. Akaparadza hurumende yakasarudzwa pane imwe nguva munguva yeSpain Civil War. Pakutanga, akatungamirira kuSpain kurwisana nehupfumi. Izvozvo hazvina kubatsira hupfumi hwakatove hwakarohwa nehondo yehurumende uye Hondo Yenyika II. Spain yakatambudzwa uye yakakura mumusika. Muma1960, Franco akazarura misika yekuSpain kusunungura bhizimusi nekutsvaga kune dzimwe nyika.
Dzimwe hurumende dzehutakiti dzaiva Antonio de Oliveira Salazar muPortugal uye Juan Perón muArgentina. Great Britain, France, neHungary vaiva netsika dzakanaka. Ava vakaputirwa vasati vawana simba rakawanda, maererano naRobert Paxton mu "Anatomy yeFascism." (Kubva: "Nzira Yokutanga Yakaipa," New York Times, Chivabvu 2, 2004.)