Dambudziko reChernobyl Nuclear Power Plant uye Dambudziko Raro rezveMari

Chikonzero nei Inotengesa Mazana emabhiriyoni eDhora

Musi waApril 26, 1986, njodzi yakaipisisa munhoroondo yezvombo zvenyukireya yakaitika muChernobyl, Ukraine. Yakabudisa huwandu hwemhepo kune bhomba kuHiroshima. Izvozvo ndezvokuti mafodya emhepo anoputika kwemavhiki maviri. Zvakatora mwedzi minomwe kuvaka danda rekrete pamusoro pemutakadzi.

Njodzi yeChernobyl yakakurumidza kuchinja Russia , Ukraine , uye Belarus. Kubudiswa kwemashoko makuru e-radioactive kwakapararira kupfuura zvakawanda zveEurope .

Cesium-137 inotyisa, iyo ine hafu yehupenyu hupenyu, ichiri dambudziko. Kune zviyero zvinotaridzika mumiti uye zvimwe zvokudya muzvikamu zvakawanda zveEurope. Mamiriyoni mashanu vanhu vachiri kugara munzvimbo dzine mazhenje akareba.

Chii Chakaitika kuChernobyl?

Pa1: 23 mangwanani, Unit 4 yakaputika uye yakaputsika mudziyo wekutakura. Kukanganisa kwevanhu kwakakonzera kuputika. Vashandi vacho vaida kuziva kana mabhuruku ega ega aigona kuchengetedza kuporesa kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Havana kukwanisa kuchinja iyo regaror, saka vakaiisa pasi kusvika 25 kubva muzana yezvakanaka. Kuti uite chiyero pachikwata ichi chakadzika, ivo vakagadzirisa urongwa hwekuchengetedza.

Zvinhu hazvina kufamba sezvazvakarongwa. Iko simba reactor rakawira kusvika pasi pe1 peresenti yezvakaitika. Apo vakazotanga kuibatsira kuti vadzoke kune imwe yero yaida, simba rekugadzira rakaitika. Izvo zvakatanga ketani yakashata. Pasina kuchengetedzwa kwemhepo, yakakurumidza kuputika iyo yakagadzirisa.

Uku kuputika kwakabuda kubva pachikwata chekunamatira 1000-ton.

Utsi hwemazuva hwakasimuka kumusoro kwe2000 ° C, kusvibisa mafuta. Zvadaro ma graphite akavhara madanda emafuta akabatwa pamoto. Yakatsva kwemazuva mapfumbamwe, ichibva ichitanga kusunungura marwadzo.

Economic Impact

Mumakore makumi maviri anotevera, mari yeChernobyl yakawedzera kusvika mazana emabhirioni emadhora. Sei? Heano mavari zvikonzero gumi nezviviri.

1. Kukanganisa kwakakonzerwa zvakananga nenjodzi.
2. Mutengo wekuisa chisimbiso pamusana. Inogumbusa, ichiratidza kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzerwa zvakare. IEuropean Bank yekuvakazve nekugadziridza uye boka revatsigiri vedzimwe nyika vari kuvaka nzvimbo. Ichapedzwa muna 2017 uye inodhura 2.35 mabhiriyoni ema euro.
3. Kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yekuregererwa kwemakiromita makumi matatu ekukomberedza simba rekugadzira.
4. Kudzorerwa kwevanhu 330 000.
5. Utano hwakanaka kune avo vanoratidzirwa kujekesa. Izvo zvakakosha zvakasimudza vanhu 1 000 vane marefu emishonga. Vana vane zviuru zvina gare gare vakaburuka nekenza yekenza kubva pakuswa mukaka wakasvibiswa. Uyewo, vanopfuura 600 000 vashandi vanokurumidza kubudiswa pachena. Vakawanda vakafa kana kuti vanotambura noutano hwakanyanya.
6. Vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni manomwe vachiri kuwana rubatsiro rwekubhadhara muRussia, Ukraine, uye Belarus. Izvo zvinoita kuti Ukraine ikwanise 5 muzana yemari yaro yegore negore neBelrusrus inenge 6 muzana yebhajheji yayo.
7. Kutsvakurudza kuti uwane nzira yekugadzira kudya kusina kuchena.
8. Kuongororwa kwemazinga emasikirwo emhepo.
9. Dhaka inotyisa yakachena-up uye kurasikirwa kwedhaka re radioactive.
10. Mukana wekubvisa minda nemasango kubva kushandiswa.
11. Kurasikirwa kwesimba kubva kumiti yeChernobyl pachayo. Chikamu 4 chakavharwa. Reactors 1, 2, uye 3 dzakadzorerwa muna Gumiguru 1986. Vakabudisa simba kusvikira muna December 2000.

1. Kuregererwa kwehurongwa hwemhepo yenyukireya yeBelarus. Belarus inofungidzira kukanganisa zvachose kwe $ 235 mabhiriyoni

Njodzi iyi haigone kuitika panguva yakaipisisa. Rusvingo rweBerlin rwakawira pasi muna 1990, kupedza Soviet Union. Zvose Ukraine neBelarus zvakanga zvambove nyika dzeSATR satellite. Iye zvino, vakanga vachitarisana nehurumende. Ukraine yakange iri "chingwabhapu" yeSoviet world. Njodzi yacho yakaparadza basa iri. Pakanga pane mashomanana mabhizimisi maduku kutora nzvimbo yawo.

Iyi njodzi yakaita kuti hupfumi hutsva huve hwakaoma. Mashomanana makambani aida kuisa mune imwe nzvimbo inotyisidzirwa nemirairo. Ndiani anoda kutenga chigadzirwa chakaiswa "Chakaitwa muChernobyl?"

Kuenzanisa Nezvimwe Nenjodzi Nyukliya

Kuda kwechiitiko chenyukireya mune vanhu vakawanda, nzvimbo yezvinzvimbo zvingave yakakwirira zvikuru. Izvozvo ndezvokuti njodzi yeChernobyl yakaitika munharaunda yekurima yekumaruwa.

Inopfuura 5 700 square makilomita, maererano nekukura kweConnecticut, yakasvibiswa.

Pakati pe $ 125 biliyoni kusvika ku $ 250 mabhiriyoni, Hurricane Katrina inodhura zvishomanana. Yakagadzira huwandu hwemugadziri wezvokudya huri kuwedzera kusvika ku3 muzana mu 4th quarter rokutanga 2005. Yakatora 19 kubva muzana yemafuta ekuUnited States nemafuta emafuta emadhora kusvika $ 5 negoroni.

Ingozi yenyukireya yaFukushima ya2011 yakaita kuti pave nekukuvara kwehupfumi seChernobyl. Yakaita kuti Japan ivhare 11 yezana remagetsi enyukireya makumi mashanu. Yakaderedza nyika yegasi rekugadzira ne40 muzana. Izvo hazvina kusunungura marwadzo akawanda.

Chernobyl yakabudisa huwandu hwemazuva akawanda kupfuura ngozi yeTree Mile Island nyukliya . Asi yeTatu Mile Island ingangodaro yakave nehupfumi hukuru. Ndiyo nokuti yakavhara kukura kwezvinhu zvitsva zvenyukireya muUnited States. Iyi njodzi yakaitika muna 1974. Kwakange kusina mitsva mikumbiro itsva kusvika muna 2007. Somugumisiro, makambani eUnited States emagetsi ekugadzirwa kwekasiyamu akarasikirwa nekukwikwidza kune dzimwe nyika.