Kunzwisisa Kubhadhara Kuwedzera uye Nenzira dzeVarimi Vanoshandisa Iyo
Aya anozivikanwa sehurumende yekutsvaga mari . Ndiyo yekupedzisira - kubhadhara mari - kuti ndinoda kutaura newe pamusoro pechinyorwa chino.
Chii chinangwa chekutsvaga mari? Chinoshanda sei? Ndezvipi zvinobatsira uye kukanganisa? Sei mumwe munhu angasarudza pane dzimwe nzira? Mibvunzo huru, zvose. Ngatitsvake mavari kuitira kuti iwe uone nekunyatsonzwisiswa kwemhando dzekutsvaga mari iyo inogona kuitwa mune imwe yenzira yekuwana mari, uyewo mari yaunowana iwe nekusasarudza imwe yeimwe nzira dzinowanikwa.
1. Chii Chinonzi Kuwana Mari Inowanikwa?
Mutsara wokuti "mari yekugadzirisa mari" inoreva kuisa pamwe porefesa yezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa zvakanakira kuwedzera mari yegore inenge isingabhadharwi inowanikwa nekutora . Kusvikira pamwero muduku, kuchengetedza simba rekutenga mushure mekugadziriswa kwemugodhi kunokosha . Chidzidzo chepamusoro-soro ndiko kukura kuitira kuti zvidikanwi zvechokwadi, zvikwereti, uye zvikwereti zviri kuwedzera nokukurumidza kudarika kuwedzera kwekutengesa.
2. Ndeapi Chinangwa cheMari yekutsvaga mari?
Chikonzero nei vashandi vanoisa pamwe mari inoshandiswa mari yekuwana mari ndeyekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemari yenguva dzose inogona kushandiswa mazuva ano, kuputirwa kubva pane zvakakosha-kupfuura-kuwedzerwa kugovera zvinhu; mari iyo inogona kushandiswa kubhadhara zvikwereti, kutenga mabhizimusi, mishonga yekutenga, rubatsiro rwechikonzero chinokonzera , kubhadhara chikoro chemhuri, kana chimwe chinangwa.
3. Ndezvipi zvekutsvaga mari inoshandiswa kuumba mari yekuwana mari?
Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kugoverwa pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvidzidzo zvichasiyana nehukuru hwehupfumiroti, mari inowanikwa inowanikwa panguva iyo chikwereti ichocho chivakwa , uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda asi, kazhinji kutaura, nzira yekuwana mari inoda kusanganiswa kwe:
- Yakachengeteka, yakachengeteka, chikamu chinokonzera kubhadhara blue chip stocks nemafungiro ekuchengetedza mabheti ane nhoroondo yakareba yekuchengetedza kana kuwedzera chikamu chimwe nechimwe kunyange munguva dzekutengesa kwekutyisa kwehupfumi uye kuparadza kwemusika
- Zvikwereti nezvimwe zvikwereti zvakagadziriswa zvemari zvinosanganisira mari yehupfumi, mabhizimisi emakambani , uye masangano emumatare sezvingave zvakakodzera zvichienderana nemitero yemitero yekambani (semuenzaniso, iwe haungamboregi kusungirwa kwematare ehurumende mumatare eRoth IRA kana imwe nzvimbo yokugara yemitero pasi chero mamiriro ezvinhu anofungidzirwa ezvinhu )
- Real estate inosanganisira zvose zviripo zveimba (zvichida kuburikidza nekambani ine chikwereti chinokwana ) kana kuburikidza nehutengesi hwemari, iyo inonzi REITs . Izvozvo zvekupedzisira zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nemapurogiramu ematambudziko uye mutengesi anogona kuderedzwa kunze kwehutano hwake kana boka revatungamiri risina kuchengetedza zvakakwana asi rakagadziridzwa REIT rinogona kukonzera kukura kwepfuma yakawanda. Semuenzaniso, munguva yekupedzisira kwekukwereka kwemusika muna 2008-2009, dzimwe REIT dzakarasikirwa ne 60%, 70%, 80% + yekutengeswa kwemari yavo sezvikamu zvekubhadhara zvakatemwa. Vashandi vatengi vakatenga zvikwereti izvi sezvo nyika iri kuparadzana yakatova, pane dzimwe nguva, yakabudisa mutengo wavo wose wekutenga muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemari (maitungamiri akakurumidza kuvadzosa zvakare apo mamiriro ezvinhu akavandudzwa sezvavanenge vachida nemutemo kuparadzira 90% mutevedzeri wavo wemari kuitira kuti vawane rubatsiro kubva pamitero yekambani) uye iye zvino vava kuunganidza 15% kana 20% + chikamu chekugoverwa-pamatengo
- Mudzidzisi zvishoma kubatana, kana MLPs . Izvi zvinoshandiswa pachena pamasangano mashoma masangano anokwanisa kunge akaoma zvakawandisa kubva pamutero wemitero, kupa simba rekudzivirira kugoverwa kubva pamitero nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadai sekuderedza kana kuregererwa kwemari . MLPs inonyanya, asi kwete chete, inowanikwa mumabhizimisi emabhizimisi akaoma, kunyanya iyo ari mukati uye akapoteredza simba semapipeline uye mabhenekeri. Vashandi vemari vanofanira kuve vakangwarira zvikuru pamusoro pekubata MLPs mune rekwereti yekwereti iyo ine simba rakakwanisa nekuda kwechiitiko chinogona kukura chausingazotengesi yako kubhadhara asi, nokuda kwetero, inonzi inotengeswa, inokonzera mari inowanikwa mubhadharo uye kumanikidzira iwe kuti uwane mari. Izvo zvakadzama zviri kure nekukura kwechinyorwa ichi asi kana iwe uine MLPs, ita kuti pave nemari yakatengesa-iyo chete yekweretheni kana yekodhini yekuchengetedza. (Kana uine uwandu hwakanaka hunoshandiswa, uye huri huwandu hunopisa, iwe unogona kunge uchida kuvabata kuburikidza nekambani yakasikwa yekodzero.)
- Dunhu reMabatanidzwa ezvitendero. Izvi zvinoshandiswa pachena pamatare emari ekuchengetedza mari (yakasiyana nedzimwe ruzivo rwekuchengetwa kwezvikwata ) izvo, mumatambudziko akawanda, hazvibvumirwi kukura asi panzvimbo pacho zvinotakura kuunganidza kwezvinhu zvinofanira kutarisirwa uye izvo zvakagadzirwa nemutambisi, kazhinji bhangi. Aya mavambo anowanzove nekodzero yekuvepa kodzero pamafuta nemafuta emagasi echisikigo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanyanyisa. Uyezve, vane hupenyu husingaperi. Ikoko pachava nechinangwa pavanopera uye vanonyangarika saka iwe unofanirwa kuita kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti uri kubhadhara mutengo unofanana nehutano hwakaratidzwa pane kuongororwa kwakachengetedza kwehuwandu hunogona kugamuchirwa nokuda kwezvakagadzirwa kana zvichitengesa. Iyi inzvimbo iyo zvakanakisisa kuti usapfuke kunze kwekuti iwe uri nyanzvi nokuti iwe unenge uchida kurasikirwa nemari. Kunyange zvakadaro, inogona kuva zvishandiso zvinoshamisa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, pamutengo wakakodzera, kune munhu ane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemasimba, emigodhi, kana zvekutengeserana.
- Mariko yemari yemari, mari yemusika mari pamwe chete , uye dzimwe nzira . Kunyange zvazvo asiri chinhu chimwechete - iyo mari yekambani yemari inoratidzirwa yeBDIC yakagadziriswa chigadzirwa chinopiwa nebhangi apo mari yemusika mutual fund inonyanya kurongwa mutual fund iyo inoshandisa mune mamwe marudzi edzimba uye iyo mutengo wekugoverwa inobatanidzwa kusvika ku $ 1.00 - apo chido chekuda chikafu chakawandisa kune kutengesa kwezvinhu, idzi nzira mbiri dzemari dzinogona kuva nzira yakanakisisa yekupesa mari yakawanda. Mumakore ekuma1990, somuenzaniso, unogona kuisa nyore 10%, 20%, 30% + yepodfolio yako mumari yemari yemari uye utore 4% kana 5% + pamari yako usingatori chero dambudziko raunosangana naro mumatanda, chaiyo dzimba, kana mamwe akawanda masayiti.
- Zvinhu zvisiri izvo kana zvisingaenzaniswi zvakadai setikiti-tiketi zvitiketi kana zvigadzirwa zvepfungwa (kodzero dzekodzero, mabhizimisi, mabhizimisi, uye zvibvumirano zvekupa mvumo) zvinogona kuva ndarama yemhando yevanhu vakanaka vanonzwisisa zvaari kuita. Ini ndangobva kuongorora nyaya yebhuku rangu rerunyori rwiyo rwiyo Dolly Parton, uyo akaunganidza munhu ane mari yakaenzana pakati pe $ 450 mamiriyoni uye $ 900 mamiriyoni, kunyanya kumashure kwepapotipiyo yezvikamu zvitatu zvekodzero dzeimba, zvaakashandisa kubhadhara hutongi hwepaki iye zvino anoputira mari mumapato ake kubva pakutengeswa kwetikiti, pokugara kwepahotera, horesho, kodzero dzekodzero, uye mhemberero. Usatsika pano kunze kwekunge iwe uchiziva zvauri kuita nokuti zvinogona kuva nengozi.
- Mari inochengeterwa mari, inowanzobatwa neDICIC kuongorora mabhizinesi uye mari yekuchengetedza uye / kana kuti mabhizimusi eMari yeUnited States, iyo ndiyo chete inogamuchirwa yakawanda yakaenzana mari iyo yakaenzana kana kuchengetedzwa kwakakwana kwekodzero isingatenderwi. Zvinotarisirwa kuti, mari inoshandiswa pakuwana mari ichawana mari yakawanda iripo kuti ichengetedze mari yemakore matatu kana imwe yezvimwe zvinhu isingaregi kupa zvikwereti, chikwereti, zvikwereti, mvumo yekupa mvumo, kana zvimwe zvipo.
4. Ndezvipi zviripo uye zvinotapira zveMari yekushandisa mari yekugadzira?
Kubudirira kukuru kwekusarudza nzira yekuwana mari iwe unowana mamwe mari mberi. Izvo zvakanyanya kukuvadza iwe unotanga huzhinji hwehupfumi hwamangwana kubva pakubata kwako kutumira mari yakasarirwa kwauri, kwete kuidzorera iyo yekukura. Zvakaoma zvikuru kune kambani yakafanana neAAT & T kana Verizon, iyo inotumira yakawanda yebatsiro kunze kwemukova mune mari inokonzera mari yakawanda kudarika kaviri yakaiswa pamusika wekutengesa yose, kukura nokukurumidza sebhizimisi rakafanana Chipotle Mexican Grill, iyo yakawanda zvikuru uye inochengetedza mari yayo yekuzarura nzvimbo itsva.
Uyezve, zvakaoma zvikuru kune muchengeti wemari anowana mari yekushandisa zvakanakisa zvinhu zvakadai semitero yakaderedzwa yakaderedzwa nokuti zhinji yemari inouya ichauya nenzira yebhadharo yemari nhasi, zvinoreva kubhadhara mutero mugore rakagamuchirwa.
5. Ndeapi Marudzi Evateresi Aizotora Mutengo Wechipato?
Kunyanya kushamisika, avo vanosarudza nzira yekuwana mari inopinda mune imwe yemisasa miviri. Wekutanga ndiye mumwe munhu anenge apedza basa uye anoda kurarama kubva kune mari yake kusvika pamwero wakakwana kunze kwekuvhiringidza zvikuru musoro mukuru. Nokusarudza kuwedzera-kukura, mabhizimisi epamusoro-soro, zvibvumirano , pfuma , nezvimwe zvinhu, iye anogona kuita izvi.
Chechipiri munhu anogamuchira mari yakawanda mune imwe nzvimbo yemhepo - kutengesa bhizinesi, kukunda bhatikiti, kutora kubva kune hama, chero chii. Kana mari yacho inogona kuita mutsauko mukuru mumamiriro avo ehupenyu asi vanoda kuve nechokwadi kuti iripo kune hupenyu hwavo hwose, vanogona kusarudza nzira yekuwana mari yekushanda semhando yechipiri kana yechitatu yekubhadhara pamusha. Fungidzira mudzidzisi anowana $ 40,000 akaroorwa nehofisi yehofisi achiwana $ 45,000. Vose, vanoita $ 95,000 musati mutero. Zvino fungidzira kuti nenzira imwe chete inouya mu $ 1 000 000. Nokuenda nemari yekuwana mari inobereka, ichiti, 4% yebhadharo yegore negore, vanogona kutora $ 40,000 chekuita kubva mugore ravo remakore, vachiwedzera mari yavo yemhuri kusvika $ 135 000, kana kupfuura 42%. Izvozvo zvichaita musiyano mukuru kune mararamiro avo ehupenyu uye vanozviona kuti vachafadzwa nazvo pane kuva nemamwe makuru apo ivo vakwegura. I $ 1 000 000 inoshanda semhando yemhuri yemhuri, kufanana nejijiji kana yunivhesiti; mari isati yachishandiswa asi yakazvipira chete kubudisa mari inoshandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa.