Kubvira kuma1980 kusvika muna 2010 mari yehutano yehutano yakawana nzvimbo inowanikwa zvakanaka inowedzera mitengo.
Kunyange kutanga mutengesi anokwanisa kuona kuti kufarira kwakadzama kwakakura zvakadini muma1980 uye kwaiva nguva yakazara mumakore akatevera Kubva Kudzoka kwegore ra2008 ne2008. Sezvo kutengeswa kwezvikwereti zvichienda kune zvakasiyana nehutano hwehutano (uye huwandu hwezvikwereti ), inotangira mathemati uye manzwiro ekuona kuti mabhizimisi emitengo akwira mumakumi matatu emakore adarika.
Mazuva ano mutengesi wemari mutual akachenjera kudzidza zvidzidzo zvezvisungo uye kuti vangaita sei tsvakurudzo yavo pachavo. Heino nzira yekuzviita nayo:
Dzidza Mazvigaro zveBonds uye Bond Funds
Kana iwe wakanyanya kugamuchira kushamwaridzana kwako nehutano hwemari, iwe uchabatsirwa nokudzidza zvinyorwa zvekuti zvisungo zvinoshanda sei. Chisungo chaicho chiri chivimbiso chokubhadhara - icho chikwereti. Anokwereta isangano, sehurumende, hurumende yeUnited States kana kuti kambani yehurumende inobatsira vanhu, iyo inobata zvibvumirano zvekusimudza mari (mari) kuitira chinangwa chekubhadhara mishonga kana kuti kubhadhara kushandiswa kwemukati nekuenderera mberi kwesangano.
Vanotenga zvisungo ndivo vatengesi vanokweretesa mari kune imwe sangano, nokutenga zvisungo, mukuchinjana nemari ye periodic nevechido.
Semuenzaniso, munhu anosunga bhizimusi achabhadhara chikwereti, chinonzi chikwata , kune muchengeti (mutengesi) pane imwe yero yakatarwa kwenguva yakatarwa (nguva). Kana akachengetwa kuhutano, uye mubhadhadzi wehutano haaisi zvachose, mubhadhadziro achagamuchira mari yose yekutora uye 100% yemudzidzo wavo mukuru shure kwekupedzisira kwegore.
Mumashoko akasiyana, vazhinji vanoita zvekushambadzira mari havasi kurasikirwa nemukuru sezvo zvichigona kuitika pamwe nehutano hwemari - hapana misika yemakatani kana njodzi yekurasikirwa kwekukosha uye kubhadharwa kwezvikwereti kunogadziriswa, ndicho chikonzero mabatanidzwa anonzi kushandiswa kwekutsvaga mari. Bond mutual funds havakwanisi kugovera chinhu ichi chinokosha.
Kunzwisisa Kusiyana muBonds uye Bond Mutual Funds
Bond mari ndeyemari pamwe chete inoshandiswa muzvisungo. Isa imwe nzira; imwe bhadha mari inogona kuonekwa sebhapu rezvizhinji kana mazana ezvibvumirano zviri pasi (holdingings) mukati memushumo umwe wezvisungo. Mari yakawanda yezvisungo inoumbwa nedzimwe rudzi rwehutano, hwakadai sesangano kana hurumende, uye inotsanangurwa nenguva yekukura, yakadai kwenguva pfupi (pasi pemakore matatu), iri pakati-nguva (makore matatu kusvika kune gumi) uye yakareba -term (makore gumi kana kupfuura).
Bumbiro roga roga rinogona kubatwa nehutano wezvisungo kusvika pakukura. Mutengo wechibvumirano unogona kuchinja apo mubhadhari ane chibvumirano, asi mubhadhari anogona kugamuchira 100% yekutengesa kwake pakutanga (mukuru) panguva yekukura. Nokudaro pangave pasina "kurasikirwa" kwevakuru kunze kwekuti mudyari anobata chikwereti kusvika pakukura (uye sangano rakabudisa haritauri nekuda kwemamiriro akakomba, akadai shandisi).
Izvo hazvisi zvakafanana nekuti kusungwa kwemari pamwe chete kunoshanda sei. Nekubatana kwemari, mutengesi haatauri zvakananga zvisungo. Saka mari yezvisungo inowedzera kukanganisa kwemashamba kunze kwezvisungo nokuti mubhadhadzi wezvikwereti anowanikwa zvakakwana pakukwanisa kwekutengesa mitengo, asi mubhadhadzi wehutano anogona kubata kusungirirwa kwake kukura, kugamuchira kufarira uye kugamuchira musimboti wavo wose shure mukukura, achitora kubudisa sangano hakuiti zvachose.
Ziva Maitiro Ezvinyorwa Zvezvikwereti (Corporate, Municipal, Treasury, Junk)
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisungo, asi zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira Corporate bonds, Municipal bonds, Treasury uye Junk (High Yield) zvisungo:
- US Treasury securities, inozivikanwawo seMari, ndeyezvikwereti zvinokonzerwa neUnited States Dhipatimendi reMariki. Paunotenga Pfuma, iwe uri kubhadhara mari yekushanda kweUnited States Federal Government. Mumashoko akasiyana, uri kuvhara mari kune hurumende yehurumende. Kune mhando ina dzeMariki: 1) Mari dzeMarikiti (T-Bills), iyo yakakura mumakore 1 kana kuti pasi, 2) Treasury Notes (T-Notes), iyo yakakura mumakore maviri kusvika kune gumi, 3) Zvikwereti zveMariki (T- Bonds), iyo yakakura mumakore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemana makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemana) Nheyo dzeMari yePfuma-Zvidziviriro Zvidzivirirwa (MAZANO), izvo zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemari.
- Bhizimisi rezvemabhizimisi zvikwereti zvinokonzerwa nemakambani nokuda kwekusimudzira mari yemishandirapamwe yezvekambani nedzimwe nzira dzekuwedzera sangano rekubudisa. Paunotenga chibvumirano chekambani, iwe uri kukweretesa mari kune imwe sangano, iyo inokuvimbisa kukubhadhara iwe chiyero chaicho chekufarira kusvika panguva yakatarwa yekukura, panguva iyo chikamu chepakutanga chebhandi yawatenga (mukuru) inodzorerwa kwauri, murimi.
- Masangano eMasisti mabhandi anounzwa nemasisita ehurumende kana masangano avo. Mienzaniso inosanganisira maguta, zvinyorwa, uye zvinoshandiswa nevanhu vose. Mari yechikwereti inoshandiswa kuwedzera mari yekubhadhara chivakwa chezvikoro, mapaki, migwagwa, nemamwe mapurojekiti ekushandiswa kwevanhu.
- Zvisungo zvisingabatsiri , zvinowanziwo sezvibereko zvakakura, zvibvumirano zvine chikwereti chezvikwereti pasi pekutsvaga bhizinesi (azasi pasi peBBB ne Standard & Poor's kana pasi peBa neAody's credit rating agencies) AAA iripamusoro). Bhandi inogona kugamuchira chikwereti chakaderera pamusana pengozi yekusasikirwa pane chikamu chebato rinobudisa bhandi. Nokuda kweizvi, nekuda kwedambudziko iri risina kukwana, masangano anounza zvibvumirano izvi achabhadhara mari yakawanda yekutora kubhadhara vatyairi vekutora mungozi yekutenga zvisungo, naizvozvo zita rakakura rinobudirira .
Dzidza Nzira Yokutsvakurudza uye kutenga Bonds
Iwe haufaniri kunge uri nyanzvi yekuita iwe pachako kushandiswa kwezvisungo. Zvose ruzivo, mazwi ekutaura, uye kuoma kunzwisisa kunobatanidza nemisika yezvisungo inogona kuwanika uye inogadziriswa nemaoko mashomanana ezvigadziriswa uye mashoma mawebsite anobatsira. Kune vadzidzisi vezvisungo uye masangano ekwereti ayo anoita basa rakawanda iwe. Nokudaro musungo wezvisungo unongoda kuziva kuti unotarisa kupi uye kuti ungadudzira sei ruzivo rwakatovapo.
Iwe unogona kushandisa mutual fund kutsvakurudza nzvimbo kuti uone kuti dzimwe dzeiyo dzakanakisisa mutual fund mameneja dziri kubata muzvikwereti zvavo kune dzimwe pfungwa. Ipapo iwe unogona kuenda kuti uite tsvakurudzo yako pachakutarisa pazviitiko, zvakadai se investinginbonds.com.
Dzivisa Kupindirana uye Dzosiza
Sezvo nekutengeserana kwemari, kuwirirana kunogona kuitika nekutenga chivimbiso chebhandi. Kana iwe uine zvisungo zvakasiyana zvakasiyana muhomwe yako yekushambadzira, iwe haugoni kuve wakasiyana zvakasiyana. Edza kuva nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (kureva, makore 1, makore mashanu, makore gumi, makore makumi matatu), kusiyana kwezvisungo zvekunamata (kureva, Treasury, Municipal, Corporate, High Yield) uye akasiyana nemabhizimisi pakati pezvisungo zvekambani (kureva, mari , utano, kutengesa, kutengesa).
Funga nezveCore uye Satellite Purogiramu Chikamu
Kunyange kana iwe uchinzwa kukanganisa kwemari yemari pamwe chete ichave yakapararira kwenguva yakati, hapana chikonzero chekusiya kubatana kwemari pamwe chete zvachose. Nokuda kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, vatengesi vachava vakachenjera kufunga kuva nehana imwechete mutual fund se "core" yakagadzirirwa kubata mari uye kuivaka. Icho chimiro che "core and satellite structure" inowanikwa nehurukuro yakazara mutual fund, iyo inogonawo kusanganisira mari yekutengeserana mari pamwe nekuwedzera mari yako yebhadha.
Zvinonzwisisika: Mashoko ari pawebsite ino anopa mazano ekukurukurirana chete, uye haafaniri kushandiswa zvisina kunaka sekutsvaga mazano. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu iyo ruzivo runomiririra hutungamiri kutenga kana kutengesa zvigumisiro.