Ethanol isiri yemikemikari ye ethyl doro. Ethanol inonzi biofuel yakagadzirwa kubva mumiti yakasiyana-siyana yemiti. Inopfuura 95% ye petrol muUnited States ine ethanol. E10 ine 10% ethanol uye 90% petero-mafuta emiti. Iyo ethanol inokonzera oxygenates mafuta uye inoderedza kusvibiswa kwemweya. Ethanol isiri yakajeka uye isina kuchena. Ethyl doro uye zviyo zvinodhaka mamwe mazita ethanol. Ingave yakabudiswa kubva kune starch kana shuga inotangira feedstock, ethanol ine imwechete yemakemikari mapurisa uye nzvimbo.
Nzira yekuchenesa shuga kana chibage muethanol inoshandiswa kana kushandiswa kwema-inter-commodity .
Ethanol ine nguva yakareba uye yakasimbiswa sehuni. Muenzaniso weT, motokari yokutanga yeFort Motor Company, yakamhanyira ethanol yegorosi muna 1908. MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) yakashandiswa kuva oxygen inokonzera petroli asi ethanol yakatsiva iyo muna 2003. MTBE yakasvibisa mvura pasi uye ethanol yakave yakasarudzwa chisarudzo chezvakatipoteredza Kubva muna 2003, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinofisa kupoteredza United States zvino dzinopa ethanol blended mafuta. Mitemo mitsva inosanganisira Alternative Motor Fuels Act (1988), Clean Air Act (1990), Energy Policy Act (2005) uye The Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS) yakasinwa muna 2006, vose vakagadza ethanol kuwirirana mumafuta.
Nepo E10 iyo inoshandiswa kune injini dzakawanda, E85 inosanganiswa ine 85% ethanol uye 15% mafuta efuraire. Injini dzakanyatsogadziriswa kana kuti dzakashandurwa nokuda kweiyo yakanyanya mafuta enoro ndiyo chete inogona kushandisa mafuta e85.
Ndege isingashandisi ethanol inobatana, asi mamwe engarava anogona kumhanya pa 10%. Kubva muna 2009, 75% yeAmerica petroli yemotokari ine zvimwe zvinyorwa zveethanol.
IUnited States ndiyo inokonzera muchero uye mutengo wezviyo munyika yose. Saka, mu US ethanol production inobva kuchibage.
MuBrazil, iyo ndiyo inokonzera zvikuru uye mutengesi wemashuga mudura munyika, kubudisa ethanol kunobva kune shuga. Sezvo zvose shuga uye zviyo zvirimwa zvekurima, kune huwandu hwakaenzana hwekuwirirana pakati pemafuta ethanol uye mutengo wegorosi uye shuga. Ethanol zvirokwazvo ine simba shoma pane gorooni pane peteroli. Ndicho chikonzero kusanganiswa nepetori kunobereka mhinduro dzakanaka mumagariro ehuse nekugadzirisa kusvibiswa. Ethanol inoshandiswa, inopisa uye inopera mumvura. Dhipatimendi reUnited Energy reUnited States rinokurudzira kushandiswa kweethanol semafuta. Ethanol inobvisa zvinokonzerwa neka carbon monoxide shoma uye carbon dioxide kana ichifananidzwa nemafuta anenge ari petrol.
Ethanol inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Muna 2012 apo gorosi yakaita nguva yose yakakwirira kusvika madhora 8.50 pamabhasiri, mutengo we ethanol waiva anenge $ 2.60 per gallon. Muna 2011 apo shuga yakatengesa kusvika mashekeri makumi matatu nemazana matanhatu paundi, mutengo we ethanol waiva $ 2.93 per gallon. Mukupera kwaFebruary 2015, chibage chaive chakakomberedzwa ne $ 3.90 pamusana webhasi uye shuga yaitengeserana pa 14 masentimita paundi. Panguva imwecheteyo, ethanol yakanga yakazara madhora 1.38 pamaroni. Sezvaunogona kuona, mutengo we ethanol unobatanidza zvikuru nezviyo uye zviguko zvemashuga.
Ramangwana reEthanol rekutengeserana kweNew York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEXS) chikamu cheChicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). Rimwe nerimwe sangano rinomiririra mamiriyoni makumi mana emakironi ethanol uye huwandu hwekukoshesa huwandu huri $ 0.0001 kana $ 4.20. Zvibvumirano zvinowanikwa kwenguva shoma kudarika mafuta, peterosi kana mamwe mafuta. Ichi ndechokuti ethanol ndiyo mafuta ekurima uye mamiriro okunze ane simba guru pamutengo wayo.
Makambani matsva anonatsa ethanol kubva muzviyo kana shuga muUnited States neBrazil. Archer Daniel Midland (ADM) ndiye anogadzira michero inonatsa chibage mumafuta. Bunge (BG) ine michero inonatsa shuga muEthanol muBrazil. Biofuels ethanol yakave yakakurumbira mumakore achangopfuura sezvo kunetseka pamusoro pekunaya tsvina nemhepo. Nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu huri kukura kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa semafuta ethanol ichakura sezvinokonzerwa nezvinokonzerwa nemasikirwo ekutsigira kushandiswa kwavo semafuta emangwana.