Ivai Nechokwadi Kuti Dambudziko Rekurega Basa Hazviitike Kwauri

by Kimberly Amadeo

Chikonzero nei Boomers Usingafambi

Muna 2013, chiyero chekurega basa chaive pasi pemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu, asi chiyero chekugara kweupenyu chaive nemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vanoda kuchengetwa zvakakwana kupedza makore makumi maviri. Zvinosuruvarisa, pasi pehafu haingakwanisi kuchengetedza mararamiro avo ehupenyu , maererano nehupfumi huchangobva kuitwa neBoston College Center yeRared Research.

Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti 17% chete yemakambani anopa zvirongwa zvemari , zvichienzanisa ne 62% muna 1983. Pane kudaro, vazhinji (71%) vanopa 401 (k) zvirongwa. Izvo zvinoita kuti vashandi vave nehutano hutsva hwemhando. Vanofanira kuva vadzidzisi vavo vezvemari, vatengesi vemagetsi, uye vanoona nezvehupfumi.

Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakangoita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere, sezvo vanenge vose vaona ruzha rwavo rwakakosha pamwe chete nematengo emari uye dzimba dzeimba. Apo Dhese yakaderedza chido chezvibereko, iyo yaireva vatsigiri vaizowana kudzoka kwakadzika kwepamusoro pamari yakasimwa mari . Panguva imwe chete, vazhinji vaitya kutya kudzokera mumatanda. (Ikoko: "The Retirement Crisis Illustrated," Boston College Magazine , Spring 2015)

Heano zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinokonzera dambudziko iri rekurega basa, zvimwe zvinokonzera, uye zvaunogona kuita pamusoro payo kuitira kuti urege kuva umwe wezviyero izvi.

01 1/3 veAmerica Vane $ 1,000 (kana Zvishoma!) Vakaponeswa Kuti Vashandire Kure

Iwe une chirongwa chokubatira basa here? Kana zvisina kudaro, iwe hausi woga. Vanopfuura hafu (56%) yevashandi vose havazivi kuti vangada sei kuchengetedza basa rekurega basa. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero 36% yevashandi nevanogara mubhadharo vane $ 1 000 kana zvishoma mukuchengetedza.

Nenzira yakanaka, iwe unogona kudzivisa kuguma kwevazhinji veAmerica. Chokutanga, unoziva here mari yakawanda inofanirwa iwe kuti ude kurega? Rongedza pane 10x yako yekupedzisira yegore rokushanda rebhadharo yegore negore. Chechipiri, usatora mari kunze kwechirongwa chako, kunyange mukuderera. Chechitatu, kupa zvinopfuura 3% zvishoma ... uye ponesa kunze kwerongwa zvakare. Chechina, shandisa Roth IRA panzvimbo yeIRA yenguva dzose.

Usati waponesa kubhadhara, unofanirwa kubuda mujeri rekwereti rechikwereti. Zvinonzwika zvakajeka - usatenga zvinhu kunze kwekuti iwe uchida chaizvoizvo, usatsiva zvinhu kusvikira zvichitsvaga, enda kumakorokari emunharaunda panzvimbo yepamusoro yepamutengo. Asi, mamiriyoni 35 eAmerica anongobhadhara mari shoma mwedzi mumwe nomumwe pamutemo wavo, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanobhadhara zvakanyanya pane zvavanofarira.

Usawa nekuda kwekukakavadzana kwekuti vaAmerica vanofanira kubuda nekushandisa kuti vashandise kukura kwemupfumi. Kunyangwe mushure memakore 9/11 , Mutungamiri Bush akati yakanga iri basa rekuda nyika kupedza. Inenge 70% yeGDP inobva pakushandisa kwevatengi. Zvisinei, hutano hwehupfumi hunofanira kuyerwa nehutengo hwemhuri. Ihwo hupfumi hweAmerica, kwete kushandura, izvo zvichabatsira zvikuru kuve nehupfumi hwakanaka munguva refu. Uye upfumi ihwohwo ndiyo inofanirwa kubvumira zvirongwa zvekurega basa kuti zvibudirire.

022 Pakati Pehafu Yevashandi Vese Vakamanikidzwa Kuenda Kubva Pamberi

Vanhu vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti, kana vasina kuwana zvakakwana kuti vaite basa rekusiya basa, ivo vacharamba vachishanda. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti 47% yevashandi vekurasikirwa ikozvino vakamanikidzwa kupinda mubhadharo usina kurongerwa nekuda kwekudzingwa, kutarisira vabereki vanorwara kana vakaroorana, kana zvirwere zvavo pachavo. Kuronga basa rekushandira kunokosha kuti urege kudzivisa.

Bhizimisi Rinobatsira Purojekiti Yekutsvakurudza rakawana kuti inenge hafu (47%) yevashandi vemazuva ano vakamanikidzwa kupinda muutano hwepakutanga. Hafu yavo yaifanira kusiya nekuda kwehutano hwehutano kana hurema (55%). Imwe 23% yaifanira kuchengetedza mudzimai wavo kana dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri.

Ichokwadi, utano hwehutano ndeyechipiri mari yakawanda mumabhadharo akawanda ekubhadhara mari. Uyezve, kuvhara mamiriyoni gumi nemaviri evaAmerica vacharamba vachida kutarisirwa kwenguva yakareba muna 2020. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kuti mari iyi haina kuvharwa neMedare.

Zvinoshamisa kuti 20% chete vakamanikidzwa kupinda mubhadharo nekuda kwekuchinja kumakambani avo, zvakadai sekuderedza kana kuvhudzirwa. Iwe unofunga kuti ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru, nekuda kwematambudziko emari. Zvisinei, zvinotoneka kuti vanhu vazhinji vakataura kuti vakaremara kuwana zvikomborero zvinogona kuwedzera mari yavo.

Izvi zvakanyanyisa kubva muna 2007, apo 37% chete yevashandi vakamanikidzwa kupinda mujeri. Panguva iyoyo, 28% yaisagona kushanda nekuda kwehutano hwehutano, kuderedza (28%), kuchengetedza nhengo yemhuri (25%) kana kuti vakaudzwa kuti vakanga vane unyanzvi husati rapera.

Vane 7% chete vevakabhadhara vakakwanisa kubvisa pamba nekuda kwekugadzirira zvakanaka. Pakati peizvi, inenge chikamu chetatu chakaita izvi nokuti dzakakwanisa kuwana mari yekusarura, asi inenge 1 pa5 inongoda kuita chimwe chinhu.

Kusununguka kwepakutanga kunotyisa kwazvo kuvashandi vakawanda, sezvo 73% vasingafungi kuti vasaite basa kusvikira vava nemakore 65 kana gare gare. Izvi hazviiti nokuti vanoda mabasa avo zvakanyanya, asi panzvimbo pacho havaoni kuti vane sarudzo. Maererano neEBRI, vashandi ava havasi kuvimba nezvehupfumi hwavo, havakwanisi kuva nepensheni, uye vakadzi. (Kubva: EBRI 2013 Kurasikirwa Kutenda Ongororo)

03 Varume nevakadzi Vose Vari kushanda kwenguva refu Kubasa

Vakadzi vakawanda vari pakati pe55-64 vanoramba vachishanda, vachiri kunonoka kubhadhara. Pamusoro pemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu, vose vanhurume vari kushanda kupfuura kupfuura kare. Wakave wakacherechedza kuti vashandi vekare vezvitoro vari kutsvaga vari kuyaruka.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics anofanirwa kuti, muna 2022, nhamba yevashandi vanopfuura 55 ichakura kusvika 25% yevashandi, kubva ku15% yaive muna 2006. Vashandi ava vachava mumabasa emabasa, uko vazhinji basa rokukura richaitika. Mazhinji emabasa aya emabasa, zvakadai sevatori vezvokudya, vashandi vekuchera, uye vatsigiri vadzidzisi, avo vakambotungamirirwa nevechidiki vachabatwa nechemberi yekusununguka kwemushandi. (Kubva: BLS 2004-14 Basa reMabasa Marikisi)

Asi Vashandi Vakwegura Havazofambi

BLS yakataura kuti, panzvimbo yekubvisa mari, vanopfuura hafu yevashandi vakwegura vari kuramba vachishanda mu "bhulogi" mabasa. Aya mabasa ari kutorwa nevaya vasina pensions, uye avo vari mari shoma kana mari yakakwirira. Vaya vari pamigumo yepasi vari kutora bhiriji yemabasa nokuti havagone kubhadhara, uye avo vari kumucheto wokupedzisira nokuti vanoda kutsvaga basa ravanosarudza iro rinovabatsira.

Ongororo yakaitwa muna 2009 yakagadziriswa yakaratidza kuti hafu yevaya vane makore makumi mashanu nemaviri kusvika makumi mashanu nemasere vari kumashure pakugadzirira kwavo basa rekugara. Tsvakurudzo ichangobva kuongorora avo vane mari ye $ 100,000. Zvose zvehupfumi ihwohwo hwakanga huri mumusha wekutengesa, izvo zvisati zvadzokera muna 2006 mazinga munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika.

Kuongororwa kunobuda kunze kwevaya vane mambure inokosha kudarika madhora 100 000 - vanhu vasina kukwana kuti vasarure. Upfumi huri kuchinja kune hupfumi uye basa rechibvumirano - mabasa asingabatsiri. Kunyange zvazvo 62% yevaya vakaongororwa vanofunga kuti vachadzorera kurasikirwa kwavo, kuchinja mamiriro ehupfumi zvinoreva kuti zvinowanzoitika kuti havazoiti.

Avo vari pamucheto wakadzika havakwanisi kurega basa nokuti Social Security inotarisana nekushowa, kureva zvikwereti zvishoma zvakanyanya kune avo vanosiya basa pakutanga.

Makambani anopa 401 (k) s pane pensions, kuwedzerwa ngozi kune vashandi. Dambudziko nderokuti vashandi vakawanda havakwanisi kuita 401 (k) zvirongwa uye avo vasinganzwisisi njodzi inowanikwa mumusika. Vanogona kuwana kuti mari yavo inopera kana misika inotora kukura kukuru apo ivo vagadzirira kurega basa.

Mukuwedzera, kuchengetedzwa kwega pachedu kune zvakaderera zvikuru kubva Kubva Kudenga Kukuru . Mushure mematengo ekuderera muna 2000, vanhu vakawanda vaipiswa nemusika wekutengesa vakaisa mari yavo mudzimba dzavo. Vazhinji veBomomers vakarasikirwa nekuchengetedzwa kwavo kwekurega basa uye dzimba dzavo munguva yekutambudzika kwemari muna 2008. Vaya vakarasikirwa nemabasa avo pamwe chete havana chavakasarudza kunze kwekutora chero zvavaigona kuti vararame.

"BLS inofanotaura kuti, sezvo chiitiko ichi chichienderera mberi," mararamiro emadzitateguru achave oga kunze kwekutonga. "

04 Nei Uri Kushanda Nesimba, Asi Unonzwa Sezvauri Kuwana Zvishoma

Chikamu chikuru chekubudirira kwekuwedzera ndechokuti Indaneti nemamwe magetsi ekugadzirisa vanoita kuti vashandi vabereke zvakawanda nemuwandu wekuedza. Vashandi veUnited States vanofanira kuwedzera kukohwa zvakakurumidza kupfuura mari yavo inowedzera kuti varambe vachikwikwidzana nevashandi vokune dzimwe nyika. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuhupenyu hwepamusoro hwehupenyu muUnited States munguva yakareba sokuti mubhadharo wakaenzana.

05 Kubhadhara Kwekuwana Kwakanyanya Kupera

Chikamu chimwechete chevashandi veAmerica vanoita zvishoma kudarika $ 10 paawa, izvo zvinoumba mari pasi peurombo . Zvichakadai, 1% yevashandi vakawana zvakawanda muhomwe kupfuura pasi 40% yevashandi. Izvi zvakaitika muna 2005 apo hupfumi hwakanga huchiri kuwedzera. Iye zvino kuti hupfumi hahusi kuita zvakanaka zvakadaro, pasi 40% iri kunyatsozvinzwa. VaAmerica vangaronga sei kubhadhara mari kana pane kusaenzana kwakadaro kwemari ?

Vanhu vanotya 80% veAmerica havagoni kubhadhara zvachose. Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti CEO inobhadhara ikozvino 208 nguva iyo yevashandi vanoita basa. Izvi zvakawedzera kubva muna 1980. Ndiyo apo CEO yaibhadhara yaive "yega" nguva 42 muvhareji mushandi. Mune mamwe mazwi, kusaenzana kwepabheni kwakawedzera kuipa. Pakati pe2000 na2006, muvhareji wepurogiramu wakaramba uri padzimba pasinei nekuwedzerwa kwekushanda kwevashandi zve15%, asi mari yekambani yakawedzera 13% pagore.

Chikonzero chechipiri ndechokuti, panguva yekugara kwemaimba, veAmerica vakashandisa imba yavo seATM, vachishandisa imba yekutengesa kutenga motokari nemafuta. Iye zvino kuti chikwata chapera, hafu yevose veAmerica vari pasi peimwe mhando yekutengesa mari. Mukuwedzera, iyo dzimba "kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa" yakaparadzawo mabasa akawanda - hafu yemabasa yakasikwa pakati pe2000 ne2005 yaiva nehupfumi hwakabatana.

Chikonzero chechitatu ndechokuti vazhinji vashandi variko zvino vanovimba ne 401 (k) pane nzvimbo yepensheni nekuda kwekubvisa kwavo. Muna 1974, 44% yevashandi vaiva neurongwa hwepensheni. Pakazosvika 2004, 17% chete yakanga ine imwe. Vakawanda vashandi havakwanisi kuisa zvakakwana mumakumi avo (k). Mabhizimisi anoshandisa nguva yakawanda achitsanangura mhando dzakasiyana dzemari, asi haabatsiri vashandi kuti vaone kuti vanodikanwa zvakadini kuti vawane chinangwa chekurega basa. Uyezve, mabhizimusi haabatsiri zvakanyanya seaya mune dzimwe nyika.

06 Nhanho Dzokudzivisa Kuomanikidzwa Kupinda Mubasa Rekusarudzwa

Vanhu vakawanda vanobvisa urongwa hwokurega basa. Vanofunga kuti zvinotora nguva yakawandisa nesimba. Vamwe vari kunetseka kuti zvichave zvakanyanya kuora mwoyo, uye zvechokwadi zvinoratidza kuti havazombokwanisi kurega basa. Zvino kune vamwe vasingazivi kuti vangatanga sei.

Kunyangwe usina kuisa pepa pamapepa, unogona kuzvidzivirira pazvikonzero zvina zvinonyanya kukosha kuti vanhu vabve pamba:

Utano - Chengetedza utano hwako. (Ona Zvinyorwa Zvitanhatu Zvokuita Kuti Uve Noupenyu Hwakanaka)
Kuchengetedza vamwe - Tarisa kune inshuwarisi yekuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba kwavari. (Ona LongTerm Care Insurance)
Kuderedza - Tarisa muhupenyu hwako hwokuronga. (Ona Maitiro Aungaita Kuti Urambe Uchirarama Nenhamo)
Unyanzvi husingazivikanwi - Iva nechokwadi chokuti unyanzvi hwako huri kusvika-kusvika. (Ona Kuti Ungawana Sei Unyanzvi Hutsva)

07 6 Matanho ekugadzira chirongwa chekugara

Heino nzira yekukurumidza kuronga hurongwa hwekugara. Chaizvoizvo, wadii kuisa imwe nguva purogiramu iyi. Ingoitevera matanho matanhatu ari nyore.

Ratidza kuti unoda zvakadini muhomwe mushure mekurega basa. Kana iwe usingazivi, ingoshandisa 80% yemari yako ikozvino.
Bvisa hurukuro yako yeNational Security, kana kuti enda kuMe Social Security uye uone kuti uchawana zvakawanda kubva kuHurumende yehurumende.
Bvisa rubatsiro rwako rwemagariro ehupfumi rwehupfumi hwegore negore kubva pamari yaunoda mukutora basa.
Tora zvakasara uye uzviparadzanise ne00. Ndizvo zvaunoda kuti uchengetedze usati wapera basa. Ndiko kuti nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti iwe unofanira kungobudisa 4% yedendere rako dendere gore negore. Ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekurega mari.
Iye zvino kuti une chinangwa chako, tsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekuchengeta. Nokufamba kwenguva, uchakwanisa kuchengeta zvakawanda uye zvizhinji. Chinangwa chakanaka 10% yemari yako yakawanda.
Taura nemari wezvigadzirwa zvemari kuti ugadzire chikwereti chakasiyana-siyana kuchengetedza dendere rako.

Vanhu veAmerica vanopedza nguva yakawanda vachitsvaira resitorendi kana terevhizheni terevhizheni yeTV kupfuura kuronga kwekurega mari, maererano neongororo ichangobva kuitwa neTIAA-CREF inopa mari. Usava munhu uyo. Tora nguva yezvikwiriso izvi zvitanhatu uye uronga zvekubvisa kwako.