Asian Crisis Crisis Causes, Resolution, and Lessons
Muchikamu chino, tichacherechedza zvikonzero zveAsia yezvematambudziko uye mhinduro dzakagadzirisa zvekudzorera, pamwe nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano.
Zvinokonzerwa neAsia Financial Crisis
IA Asian Financial Crisis, yakafanana nemamwe matambudziko emari kare uye mushure maro, yakatanga nehuwandu hwemhando dzemhando. Kuwedzera munharaunda yekutengeserana kwenyika yacho kwakatungamirira kumahombekombe ekudzvara kwekunze kwenyika , iyo yakazoita kuti kuwedzerwa kwemahombekombe edzimba, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi, uye kunyange zvirongwa zvehupfumi zvehupfumi hwevanhu - vose vanobhadhara mari zvikuru kuburikidza nekubhadhara zvakanyanya kubva kumabhangi.
Zvechokwadi, vatori vemari vakagadzirira uye nyore nyore kukwereta kazhinji zvinotungamirira kuderedza kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwehutano uye huwandu hwekugadzirisa zvishoma munguva pfupi yakatanga kuratidza mune hupfumi. IUnited States Federal Reserve yakatangawo kuwedzera mari yayo yezvikwereti munguva ino kuti inopesana nehuwandu hwekuwedzera, izvo zvakatungamirira kune zvishoma zvisingakoshi kunze kwenyika (kune avo vane mari yakatengesa kudhora) uye zvishoma kudyirwa kune dzimwe nyika.
Pfungwa iyi ndiyo yekuzadzikiswa kwevatengesi veThailand kuti misika yavo yepfuma yakanga isingagoneki, iyo yakasimbiswa neSomprasong Land kusina kushandiswa uye Mari Yezvemari muna 1997.
Mushure mezvo, vatengesi vemari vakatanga kutanga chikwata cheThailand chechibhadha kusvika kuDhora reAmerica, iyo yakave yakabudirira uye mari yacho yakazoguma yakasvikiswa uye yakarongedzwa.
Kutevera kuderedzwa uku, dzimwe mari dzeAsia dzinosanganisira Malaysian ringgit, Indonesian rupiah, uye Singapore dollar yose yakanyanyisa zvakaderedza.
Aya mazano akaunza kukwira kwepamusoro uye matambudziko akawanda akapararira zvakakura seSouth Korea neJapan.
Mhinduro yeAsia Financial Crisis
Sangano reAsia Financial Crisis rakagadziriswa neIndaneti Monetary Fund (IMF), iyo yakapa zvikwereti zvakakosha kuti dzigadzirise hupfumi hweAsia. Mukupera kwegore ra1997, sangano rakanga raita kudarika $ 110 bhiriyoni muzvikwereti zvenguva pfupi kusvika kuThailand, Indonesia, uye South Korea kunobatsira kugadzirisa hupfumi - kudarika kaviri mvumo yayo yakakura kare.
Nekutsinhanisa mari, IMF yaida nyika kuti dzibatisane nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kusanganisira mitero yakakwirira, kuderedza kushandiswa kwevanhu, kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi ehurumende uye mari yepamusoro yekutora yakagadzirirwa kuderedza hupfumi hwakanyanyisa. Zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinoda nyika kuti zvivhare zvisinei nemari yezvemari pasina kushushikana kwebasa.
Pakazosvika 1999, dzakawanda zvenyika dzakabatwa neAsia Financial Crisis dzakaratidza zviratidzo zvekudzikinura nehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemuzinda (GDP) kukurazve. Vakawanda venyika vakaona mazazvo emari uye mari inotarisirwa zvishoma nezvishoma yakaderera kubva kuma-pre-1997 mazinga, asi mhinduro dzakagadziriswa dzakagadzirisa danho rekuwedzerazve kweAsia sechisimba chekutsvaga nzvimbo.
Zvidzidzo zveAsia Financial Crisis
IA Asian Financial Crisis ine zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinokosha zvinoshanda kune zviitiko zvinoitika nhasi uye zviitiko zvinogona kuitika munguva yemberi.
Heano mamwe maitaways anokosha:
- Tarisa Hurumende Inoshandiswa - Hurumende inotora kushandisa mari kumapurogiramu ehupfumi hwevanhu uye hutungamiri hwehupfumi humwe mune mamwe mashizha akave nehuwandu hwehupfumi hunogona kunge hwakanga hwakagadzirisa dambudziko racho.
- Dzokororazve Kuongorora Fixed Exchange Rates - Yakagadziriswa kutengesa mari yakanyangarika, kunze kwekuti inoshandisa bhasi rebharenti, sezvo kushanduka kunogona kudiwa munyaya dzakawanda kuitira kudzivisa dambudziko rakafanana neizvi.
- Kunetseka pamusoro peMMF - IMF yakatora kutsoropodza kwakawanda mushure mekutambudzika kwekunyanya kuomerera mune zvibvumirano zvayo zvezvikwereti, kunyanya nehupfumi hwakabudirira seSouth Korea. Uyezve, njodzi yezvetsika yakasikwa ne IMF inogona kunge ichikonzera dambudziko.
- Nguva dzose Chenjerera Nezvimwe Nharo Mabhodhi - Vashandi vanofanirwa kunyatsotarisa kuti vawane mari yehupfumi muhupfumi hwekupedzisira / hunotyisa kupfuura dzimwe nyika. Kakawanda kazhinji, mabhudzi aya anoguma achibuda uye vatengi vanobviswa-varindi.
The Bottom Line
Dambudziko rezvemari reAsia rakatanga nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvemari zvakabhadharwa nekunze kwekutsinhanisa mari. Apo Federal Reserve yakatanga kukwira chikwata chezvibereko, kutengesa kune dzimwe nyika kwakaderera uye kuongororwa kwenyika yepamusoro kwakaoma kuchengetedza. Misika yemari yakatamira zvakaderera uye International Monetary Fund yakazopinda nemabhiriyoni emadhora ekukosha kwezvikwereti kuti dzigadzikane pamusika. Izvo zvekugadzirisa zvakaguma zvadzoka, asi nyanzvi dzakawanda dzave dzichitsoropodza IMF nekuda kwemitemo yakasimba iyo inogona kunge yakawedzera matambudziko.