Chikonzero nei Global Global Currency Wars Haisi Sengozi Sezvavanonzwa
Izvo zvinovhiringidza vatengi uye zvinowedzera kuendesa kwezvishoma.
Izwi rokuti mari yehondo yakaumbwa nehurumende yeBrazil yeMari Guido Mantega. Akanga achirondedzera makwikwi e2010 pakati peUnited States neChina kuti ave nemari yakaderera mari.
Iyo Inoshanda Sei
Exchange rates inotarisa kukosha kweimwe nyika mari kune imwe. Nyika iri mune mari yehondo inorwisa nemaune iyo inokosha. Nyika dzine nheyo dzakashandurwa dzinongotanga kuzivisa. Nyika dzakawanda dzinogadzirisa mari yavo kuDhora reAmerica nokuti ndiyo nzvimbo yepasi rose inoshandiswa mari .
Nyika dzakawanda dziri kuchinja kushandiswa kwemari. Vanofanira kuwedzera mari yekupa mari yekuderedza kukosha kwemari. Bhenji guru rine zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvokuwedzera mari inowanikwa nokuwedzera chikwereti. Inogona kuderedza chido chekuda. Inogonawo kungowedzera chikwereti kubhengi renyika yebhangi. Iko kunonzi mavhenekeri akazaruka kana kuti kuwedzera kwekunaka .
Hurumende yenyika inogonawo kukanganisa kukosha kwemari nekuwedzera kwematongerwo emitemo .
Inoita izvi nekushandisa zvakawanda kana kuderedza mitero. Kazhinji, inozviita nokuda kwezvikonzero zvezvematongerwo enyika, kwete kuita muhondo yemari.
United States Currency War
IUnited States inobvumira mari yayo, iyo dollar, kuti iite. Inoshandisa kupararira kwenhepfenyuro uye mari yemitemo . Kudyidzana kwehurumende kwekushandiswa kunowedzera chikwereti.
Izvo zvinoshandisa kudzvinyirira pasi pasi kwedhora kuburikidza nekuita kuti zvive zvisinganakidzi kubata. Sangano reFederal Reserve rakachengetedza mari inodyidzana nemari iri pedyo neZero pakati pe2008 - 2015. Iyo yakawedzera chikwereti uye mari inopa . Apo huwandu hunopfuura hunodiwa hunokosha, kukosha kwemadhora emadhora.
Idzi haisi nguva dzinowanzoitika. Kubva pane dambudziko rezvemari, dhora rakachengetedza kukosha kwayo pasinei nekuwedzera kwemitemo. Ndizvo nokuti ndiyo nyika inochengeterwa mari. Vashandi vanozvitenga panguva dzisinganzwisisiki dzehupfumi senzvimbo yakachengeteka. Somugumisiro, dhora racho rakasimbisa 25 muzana pakati pegore ra2014 na2016 . Kubva panguva iyoyo, yatotanga kuderera zvakare.
China Currency War
China inotarisira kukosha kwemari yayo, yuan . Bhizinesi revanhu rekuChina rakasununguka richiriisa pariri kudhora , pamwe chete nedengu reimwe mari. Yakachengetedza yuan mukati me 2% yekutengeserana inenge yakapoteredza 6.25 yuan per dollar. Nhamba yekutengesa inokuudza iwe $ 1 dollar inotenga 6.25 yuan.
Musi waAugust 11, 2015, Bhizinesi yakatanga misika yekushandura kune dzimwe nyika nekubvumira yuan kuwira ku 6.3845 yuan per dollar. Musi waJanuary 6, 2016, yakaramba yakasununguka mutemo wayo we yuan sechikamu chekugadzirisa kwehupfumi kweChina . Kusanzwisisa pamusoro pehupenyu hwemunguva ye yuan kwakatumira Dow pasi mazana mana .
Pakupera kwevhiki ihwohwo, yuan yakanga yawa ku 6.5853. Dow inodonha zvinopfuura 1 000 points.
Muna 2017, yuan yakanga yasvika kune makore mapfumbamwe akaderera. Asi China yakanga isiri muhondo yemari neUnited States. Pane kudaro, yakanga iri kuedza kubhadharisa dhora rinokura. Yuan, yakabatanidzwa nedhora, yakasimuka 25 muzana apo dollar yakaita pakati pegore ra2014 na2016. Zvakatengeswa zveChina zvaive zvakanyanya kudhura kudarika kune dzimwe nyika dzisingasungiri kudhora. Yakafanira kuderedza kushandiswa kwayo kwekutsinhanisa kuti varambe vachikwikwidzana. Pakupera kwegore, sezvo dhora rawa, China yakabvumira yuan kuwedzera.
Japan Yenyika Yenyika War
Japan yakaenderera mberi kune mari yehondo muSeptember 2010. Ndiyo apo hurumende yeJapan yakatengesa kubhadhara mari yayo, yen, kwekutanga panguva yemakore matanhatu. Iko kushandiswa kwekutengesa kukosha kwe yen yen rose kusvika kune yakakwirira kubva muna 1995.
Izvozvo zvakatyisidzira hupfumi hweJapan, hunovimba zvikuru nezvekutengesa kunze. A high yen inobatsira kuti izvo zvinotengeswa zvinodhura zvakawanda muUnited States nedzimwe nyika. Iyo inoderedza kudiwa uye inopedza kuwedzera kwekutsvaga kweJapan.
Ya yen yenyika yeJapan yakanga ichikwira nokuti hurumende dzekunze dzakanga dzichikwira kune mari yakachengeteka. Vakabva kunze kwe euro vachitarisira kuenderera mberi kwekuderera kubva muchikwereti chechikwereti chechiGiriki. Vakasiya dhora nemhaka yekusagadzikana kwechikwereti cheU.S.
Vazhinji vatsvakurudzi vakabvuma kuti yen icharamba ichingokura, pasinei nehurongwa hwehurumende. Izvo ndezvekuti forex inotengeserana , kwete kupa uye kuda. Inowedzera simba pamusoro pekukosha kwe yen, dollar kana euro. Japan inogona kuunza misika ne yen zvayo inoda, asi kana vatengesi vepamberi vanogona kuita purogiramu kubva kune yen yakakura, ivo vacharamba vachitsvaga.
Forex vatengesi vakasika dambudziko rakasiyana reJapan makore gumi apfuura, vachiumba yen yenhumbi dzekutengeserana . Vakakwereta yen pa 0% inotora chikwata. Vaiisa mari muDhora reUnited States raive nehuwandu hwekuda. Yen yekutengesa kutengesa yakanyangarika apo Federal Reserve yakabvumira kudyidzana mari yakawanda kusvika zero.
European Union
IEuropean Union yakapinda muhondo yemari muna 2013. Yakanga ichida kusimbisa zvayo zvekutengeserana uye kurwisana nekuderera. IEuropean Central Bank yakaburitsa chiyero chayo kusvika pa25 muzana musi waNovember 7, 2013. Izvo zvakaita kuti euro kusvika kudhora rekutengeswa kusvika ku $ 1.3366. Pakazosvika 2015, euro inogona kutenga $ 1.05 chete. Asi izvi zvaivewo chimwe chikamu chechikwereti chechikwereti chechiGiriki. Vazhinji varairimi vemari vaishamisika kuti euro ingatoponesa here semari. Muna 2016, euro yakashata semigumisiro yeBrexit. Asi apo dhora racho rakaneta muna 2017, euro yakabatana.
Mhinduro kune dzimwe nyika
Idzo hondo dzinotadzisa mari yakareba yeBrazil nedzimwe nyika dzinotengesa mabhizimusi . Inomutsa mitengo yezvinhu . Mafuta, mhangura, uye simbi ndiyo nyika inonyanya kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Izvo zvinoita kuti misika yemabhizimisi inotanga kubuda munyika isanyanya kunyanzvi uye inopedzisira ichingoderedza hupfumi hwavo.
Kutaura zvazviri, gavhuna wekare weIndia , Raghuram Rajan , akatsoropodza United States nevamwe vanobatanidzwa mune zvehondo dzemari. Vanotengesa kutengesa kwavo mumakambani ekuwedzera emari. Rajan aifanira kukwidziridza hutano hweIndia kurwisana nehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwezvinhu, kuisa pangozi kuwedzera kwehupfumi.
Iyo Inokubata Sei Iwe
Mumwe wevarume vakapfuma munyika ndeyomuTelcom telecom titan Carlos Slim. Akataura kuti 2010 mari yehondo hondo pakati peUnited States neChina yakaguma nematengo ezvokudya zvepamusoro.
Sezvo kukosha kwedhora kunoderera maererano nedzimwe mari, mutengo wekutengeserana uchakwira. Tatoona kuwedzera kwezvokudya nemafuta . Inoderedzawo mutengo wekutengeswa kwekuAmerica, iyo inobatsira kukura kwehupfumi. Izvo zvinoitawo kuti mari yeAmerica yekutengesa ive chinhu chakanaka.
Mari yeChina inotenga inosunga US inotora chikwereti chinotengesa mari. Pfuma inotarisa zvakananga kubhadhara chikwereti chido . Kana chido cheHaidurys chakakwirira, zvibereko zvavo zvishoma. Sezvo Treasurys uye zvikwereti zvinotengesa zvikwikwidzana kune vashandi vanofanana, mabhanhire anofanirwa kuderedza mari yekubhadhara mari kana Treasury inobereka kuderera.