Zvekare Kuvandudzwa
Kunyatsotsvakurudza kwakaitwa kwakaratidza kuti pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zvinowanikwa pane kushanda ne embryonic stem masero. Masero emakumbo anokwanisa kuwanikwa kubva mundiro yeropa kana inotorwa nekushandisa masero akasiyaniswa (kureva, masero echiganda) kuti avadzosere kuhurumende yepurripotent. Izvi ndezvipi zvingaita kuti zvibatsire kuwedzera kubvuma kwekutsvakurudza kwemasero esero.
Background
MunaNovember 1998 pepanhau rekutanga rekutsvakurudza rakarondedzera kuti masero emadzi inogona kutorwa kubva kumamota evanhu. Mukutsvaga tsvakurudzo kwakaunza kukwanisa kuchengetedza kusafambiswa kwemasero masero (pluripotent masero) uye nzira dzekudziparadzanisa mumasero akasiyana siyana kumatunhu akasiyana uye nhengo.
Nhaurirano pamusoro pemitemo ye stem cell tsvakurudzo yakatanga kusvika pakarepo muna 1999, pasinei nemashoko ekuti masero emadzimai haagoni kukura kuva zvipenyu zvakakwana.
Muna 2000 - 2001, hurumende pasi pose dzakanga dzatanga kutora zvinyorwa uye mirayiridzo yekudzora tsvina yemasero uye kushandiswa kwe embryonic tissu uye kusvika kumativi ose ekudzivirira "uropi-drain" (kuenderera mberi kwevasayendisiti vepamusoro) pakati penyika.
ICIHR (Canada Institute of Health Sciences) yakanyora runyora rwekuongororwa kwe stem cell tsvakurudzo muna 2001. Clinton yekufambisa yakanyora mirayiridzo ye stem cell tsvakurudzo muna 2000, asi Clinton akabva mubasa vasati vasunungurwa. Bush Government inofanirwa kutarisana nehupenyu munguva yehutungamiri hwake.
Australia, Germany, UK uye dzimwe nyika dzakagadzirawo mazano.
Pros
Mufaro pamusoro pe stem cell tsvakurudzo inonyanya kubhadhara kuchipatara kubatsirwa munzvimbo dzezvekugadzirisa zvekare nekurapa koni. Masero emasero anopa mikana yakawanda yekuwana mishonga uye kurapwa kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvakasiyana, chirwere cheshuga, kukuvara kwemutsipa, Alzheimer's, MS, Huntington's, Parkinson uye nezvimwe.
Iko kune simba risingagumi reasayendisiti kudzidza pamusoro pekukura kwevanhu uye kushandiswa kwemasero kubva pakuongorora masero emasero.
Kushandiswa kwevanhu vakuru-yakagadzirwa masero emasero, kubva kuropa, tsvimbo yeropa, ganda uye mamwe maviri, anozivikanwa sePSC, ave akaratidzika kuti anoshanda mukurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana mumhuka dzemhuka. Umbilical-cord-derived stem cells (yakagadzirirwa kubva mudambo reropa) yakave yakasarudzwa uye inoshandiswa pamishonga yakasiyana-siyana yekuedza. Imwe nzira ndeye kushandiswa kwemasero emadzimai asina kubereka. Kunyange zvazvo aya masero ane mitsetse ane zvimwe zvisingabatsiri kana kukanganisa kuenzaniswa ne embryonic cell lines (ivo vashoma-vakararama), kune mikana yakawanda kana mari yakakwana inowanikwa mukutsvakurudza kwavo zvakare, uye haisi inyanzvi inofungidzirwa sevanhu vari vapenyu kuburikidza nevatsigiri vehupenyu .
Cons
Kushandiswa kwema embryonic stem masero ekutsvakurudza kunosanganisira kuparadzwa kweblastocysts yakagadzirwa kubva kuma laboratory-yakagadzirwa mazai evanhu. Kune avo vanotenda kuti hupenyu hunotanga pakuberekwa, blastocyst upenyu hwehupenyu uye kuhuparadza hahubvumirwi uye hune unzenza. Izvi zvinoratidzika sezvo chete nyaya inokakavadzana imire munzira ye stem cell tsvakurudzo muNorth America.
Kwainoenda
Muzhizha ra2006, Mutungamiri Bush akasimbisa mubvunzo we stem cell tsvakurudzo uye akashandura mushumo wakapiwa neSeneti ingadai yakawedzera hurumende mari ye embryonic stem cell research. Pari zvino, American federal finance inogona kungoenda kune tsvakurudzo pamasero emadziro kubva pane (akaparadzwa kare) embryos. Saizvozvowo, kuCanada, kubva muna 2002, masayendisiti haagoni kugadzira kana kubatanidza mazai ekutsvakurudza asi anofanira kushandisa mazai aripo akasiyiwa nevarume.
I UK inobvumira embryonic stem cell cloning.
Kushandiswa kwemasero emisero kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisiri dzemumishinari zvakagamuchira zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura uye zvatove zvichiratidzwa sekubudirira kwekurapa kweimwe zvirwere. Semuenzaniso, masero evanhu vakuru anogona kushandiswa kutora masero e-cell-forming akaurayiwa panguva yekemotherapy mu bone marrow transplant patients. Biotech makambani akadai saRevivicor uye ACT ndeyekutsvakurudza maitiro ekuchengetedza masero ekukura kwemasero makuru, kushandiswa kweamniotic fluid, kana kuti stem cell extraction mbinu dzisingasvibisi embryo, iyo inopawo dzimwe nzira dzekuwana zvakakwana zvinokonzerwa nesero.
Kunze kwezvinodiwa, kutsvakurudza pane dzimwe nzira ndekubatana ne embryonic stem cell tsvakurudzo uye, nemari yakakwana, dzimwe mhinduro dzinogona kuwanikwa dzinogamuchirwa kune wese.
Musi waMarch 9, 2009, Mutungamiri Obama akachinja mutongo weBush, achibvumira US Federal mari kuenda kune embryonic stem cell research. Zvisinei, chirevo chinoshandiswa kuti mitemo yeNIH yakajairika pamusoro pekugovana kwezvinhu zvinofanira kuteverwa. Pasinei nekufambira mberi kuri kuitwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dze stem cell tsvakurudzo, achishandisa masero pluripotent kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo, masayendisiti akawanda eAmerica aisimudzira hurumende kubvumira kupinda kwavo nekukwikwidzana nevaEurope. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vachiri kupikisa zvakasimba.