Chigadziro Chitsva cheGene Kugadzirisa
Iyi inyanzvi yakawanda inotsvakurudzwa nevatsvakurudzi kushandura nyore nyore kutaura kwemajini kuti vanzwisise zviri nani basa ravo.
Chii Chaizvo Chiri CRISPR?
CRISPR inomiririra Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Short Palindromic Inopihwa -ine zita rinoshamisa rinokuvadza kwekombiki inofadza. Nei iri zita rinotyisa? Izvi ndezvokuti, apo pavakatanga kuwanikwa mumakore ekuma1980 ekupedzisira mumabhakitiriya, hakuna munhu aiziva izvo zvishoma zvishoma zveDNA zvakaparadzana nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana eDNA zvaive. Vakanga vari chimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisiki muGenomic DNA yemamwe mabhakitiriya.
Zvakatora makore anoda kusvika makumi maviri kusvika Jennifer Doudna paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia akafunga kuti izvi zvinowirirana zvakafanana nezvikamu zveimwe DNA inotapukirwa nebhakitiriya. Sezvakazoitika, kuratidzika kweCRISPR kwaiva rudzi rwemagunisi ezvirwere zvebhakitiriya.
Chinoshanda sei?
Doudna nemubati waro, Emmanuelle Charpentier, pakupedzisira vakashanda izvozvo, kana vaine utachiona, mabhakitiriya aive nemapuranga maduku akadzokorora DNA yakavashandisa kuti iite RNA iyo yakabatana neDNA yepachirwere ichi.
Zvadaro, chikamu chechipiri cheRNA chakaitwa kubva kuDNA isina kumira iyo yakaparadzanisa CRISPR inodzokorora yakabatanidzwa neproteiniti inonzi Cas9. Izvi zvinogadzirisa chirwere cheDNA uye hachiitirwe utachiona.
Vatsvakurudzi vakakurumidza kuona kuti vangashandisa iko kukwanisa kwe CRISPR kudonongodza zvakasiyana-siyana zveDNA nekugogodza majini.
Nepo kune mamwe maitiro, akadai zinc finger nucleases uye TALENS iyo inogona kushandiswa kutarisa nekucheka nzvimbo dzakananga mu genomic DNA, idzi nzira dzinovimba nemapuroteni ane simba kuti aende kune dzimwe nzvimbo munzvimbo DNA. Izvo zvakaoma kuronga nekuita kugadziriswa pamwero mukuru nekuwanda kwemajeni uchishandisa nzira idzi yapfuura.
Chii Chinoita Kuti Zvive Zvinobatsira Zvakanyanya?
Iko CRISPR inongoraramira pane zvikamu zviviri zviduku zveRNA: imwe inofanana neDNA yakatarwa, uye yechipiri inosungira puroteni inonzi Cas9. Mukati, kunyange zvakadaro, zvinosvika kuti zvose izvi zviduku zveRNA zvingabatanidzwe kuva-two-function single-guide RNA molecule iyo inoshandisa imwe DNA sequence uye inotora protein yeCas9. Izvi zvinoreva kuti puroteni yeCas9 nechikamu chimwe chiduku cheRNA chine zviyero makumi mashanu ndezvese zvinoda kuvhara DNA kunenge kupi zvese mumarome. Izvo zvisiri nyore kuunza DNA kuti iite RNA imwe-mazano uye proteiniti yeCas9 chero chero masero anoita CRISPR anowanzoshanda.
Zvisinei, kutaridzika kwakanaka hakusi iko chete kunobatsira kwekambani ye CRISPR pane dzimwe TALENS uye zincinwe. Iko CRISPR inoratidzika zvakare inoshanda zvakanyanya kudarika idzi dzimwe nzira.
Semuenzaniso, boka reHarvard rakaona kuti CRISPR yakabvisa jena rakakanganwa mu 51% -79% yematambudziko, asi TALENS yakashanda yakanga isingasviki 34%. Pamusana pekushanda kwakanyanya, rimwe boka rakakwanisa kushandisa teknolojia ye CRISPR kuti inogunun'una majee emumikryonic mbeve kuti ibudise mhando dzemagetsi mune rimwe chizvarwa. Nzira inoshandiswa inoda kuti zvizvarwa zvakasununguka zvekuberekesa zvive nekugadzirisa mutemo mumakopi maviri ejeni rinotarirwa.
Ndezvipi Zvimwe Zvingaita?
Mukuwedzera pakubvisa geni, mamwe mapoka akacherechedza kuti, neine dzimwe shanduko, sarudzo inogona kushandiswa kune mamwe marudzi ekugadzirisa mararamiro. Somuenzaniso, pakutanga kwegore ra2013, boka kubva kuMIT rakaratidza kuti CRISPR inogona kushandiswa kuisa maitiro matsva mu genomic DNA. Nguva pfupi mushure mezvozvo boka reUCSF rakashandura shanduro yakashandurwa yehurongwa hunoti CRISPRi kuti adzivirire kutaura kwezvinangwa zvemajini mune mabhakitiriya.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, boka reDuke University rakagadzirawo kuchinja kwegadziriro yekuita masheji emajini. Mapoka emapoka ari kunyanya kushanda nekusiyana kweizvi nzira yekuongorora mazana emagetsi panguva imwechete kuti aone kuti ndiani anobatanidzwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana mhinduro.
The Shiny New Toy yeGenetic Engineering
Zvechokwadi, kune mufaro mukuru pamusoro pechishandiso ichi chitsva che genetic engineering uye kukurumidza kushandisa iyo kune zvakasiyana siyana zvekushanda. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinoda kukundwa uye, sezvinowanzoitika kune teknolojia itsva, zvinotora nguva yekushanda uko kusakwana kuripo. Vatsvakurudzi veHarvard, semuenzaniso, vakaona kuti CRISPR kurongedza ingasave yakajeka sezvayakatanga kufunga. Kunze kwezvakagadziriswa zvinokonzerwa neCritis CRISPR zvinogona kutungamirira kuchinje chisina kudiwa apo chinoshandura DNA.
Pasinei nematambudziko, kunyange zvakadaro, CRISPR yakaratidza pachena kuti inogona kuita shanduko yeDNA inobatsira vatsvakurudzi kuti vanyatsonzwisisa kuti makumi ezviuru zvemajeni ari maitiro evanhu. Izvi chete zvinokonzera zvinokosha pakuvandudza zvirwere zvirwere uye kuongororwa. Zvakare, nehuwandu huri kubudirira, teknolojia iyo pachayo ingave yakakosha kune rudzi rwemhando yerapeutics. Inogona kupa nzira itsva yejene therapy . Zvisinei, kufambira mberi uku inzira dzekubuda. Kubva ikozvino, zvinongonakidza kutarisa kukurumidza kukura kwechigadziro chitsva chekutsvakurudza uye funga nezvemhando dzekuedza kunogona kubvumira.
(Posted: Sept 30, 2013)