I Federal Reserve Board yeWorld Market Committee ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yehurumende yepamusika. Chiito chayo kana kusagadzikana pane zvikwereti zvinowanikwa nemigumisiro pakarepo kuvarimi. Misika yemabhiza inofungidzira kuti Fed ichaita chimwe chiito kana izvozvo zvisingaitiki zvinogona kukonzera mhirizhonga. Kudyidzana kwekutengeswa kwekodzero dzekuda uye zviito zvayo zvinogona kuchinja zvakakwana pamusika wekutengesa.
Tinonzwa zvakawanda nezveFed sezvainozivikanwa, asi chii chaicho chaicho?
The Fed
Federal Reserve Board ibhanga renyika. Icho sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rinopomerwa nekuchengetedza hupfumi hwakasimba uye simba rezvemari. I Fed inoshanda 12 Federal Reserve Mabhitsuwa munyika yose iyo inoshumira semabhengi kumabhengi ezvokutengeserana, ichipa mabasa akasiyana-siyana uye kuve nekugadzikana kwehutano hwemari. Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinhu zveFed pane yavo yepaIndaneti. Basa rinonyanya kutakura pamusika wepamusoro rinoitika kasere pagore apo Federal Open Market Committee inosangana.
Target Rate
Iko pamisangano iyi iyo chinangwa chekukosha kwekubhadhara mari inoshandiswa. Ichi chikwata chekufarira chikonzero chechimwe chezvimwe zviwanikwa zvekufarira uye kana ichifamba, zvimwe zvikwereti zvinotamira. Mabhangi anodiwa kuchengetedza imwe nhanho yemari yekuchengetedza mari, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemari yavo. Munguva yezuva rebhizimisi rega rega, hazvisi zvisizvo kuti bhangi riregerere pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwemazinga.
Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, bhagheni inokwereta mari yeusiku kubva kune rimwe bhengi kusvikira zvinyorwa zvayo zvadzorerwa zvakare. Mari inotora chikwereti iyo inokweretesa mabhengi ezvo chikwereti ichocho kakawanda-usiku hwose ndiyo inodyidzwa mari yakawanda. Izvo zviyero zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro emisika, saka Fed inongoratidzira chinangwa.
Kutya kukuru
Iko mari inonyanya kufunganya ndeyokudzivirira kutengesa kwezvinhu kubva pakuputsa hupfumi, izvo zvinogona kuitika kana hupfumi huchikura nokukurumidza.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kana hupfumi huchidzikira huwandu, huchasvika mukuderera. Nzira iyo Fed inogadzirisa kasi yehupfumi ndeyezvibereko zvezvibereko. Kana hupfumi huchikura nekukurumidza kana kutengesa kwezvinhu kunoonekwa kuchiri kukura, Fed ichaita kuti vanhu vawane chido. Nhamba yepamusoro yekutora inowedzera kukonzera kukura kwebhizimisi uye kushandiswa kwevatengi. Kana hupfumi huri kunonoka zvikuru, Fed inogona kuderedza mari yekutora, iyo inoita kuti irege kudhura chikwereti uye iyo inokurudzira mabhizimisi kuti awedzere uye vatengi vashandise kushandisa.
Mhedziso
Dha ndiro iro rimwechete rinonyanya kukosha muUnited States kana richiuya nekufambisa misika. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa zviziviso zvekuungana uye unoteerera kuti nzira ipi inofarira inotungamirirwa.