Iri rakanyorova rakawanda rekushandisa rinopa maoko mashoma
Dzimwe nguva anonzi "mavara akaoma," lignite ndiyo yakaderera zvikuru uye yakawanda yakawanda yemarasha. Iyi yakajeka uye geologically "muduku" yemarasha inogara pedyo nechepasi.
Lignite inogona kuputsika pasi pamakemikari kuburikidza nemashavha emhepo, iyo nzira yekubudisa syngas kubva kumalahle pamwe nemvura, mhepo uye / kana oxygen. Izvi zvinoumba gasi rinokonzerwa nehupenyu rinopa simba rakawanda uye iri nyore kushandisa mune zvekudyisa zvizvarwa zvemagetsi.
Maererano neLignite Energy Council, 13,5 muzana yehugnine coal inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwegasi yemafuta uye 7.5 kubva muzana inoenda mukugadzira ammonia-based fertilizer. Mari yacho inoshandiswa kuunza magetsi, inopa simba kune vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri vatengi uye mabhizimisi muUpper Midwest. Nemhaka yehupamhi hwayo yakakura maererano nekupisa kwayo, lignite inodhura kutakura uye inowanzoshandiswa mumapupa emapurusiki kana kuti dutu remhepo rinoshandiswa magetsi pedyo nemigodhi.
North Dakota, kunyanya, inobatsira kubva kune simba rinogadzirwa nemidziyo yayo ye-lignite-based power. Izvi zvakagadzirwa nemagetsi zvinokwezva varimi uye mabhizimisi kuenda kumunharaunda, kuchengetedza mabasa avo ekuderera pasi kuitira kuti varambe vachikwikwidzana munzvimbo, munyika uye munyika yose. Nemhaka yekuti nguva yakawanda mamiriro okunze munharaunda yacho, motokari inotenga mari inonyanya kukosha kumabhizimisi eNorth Dakota.
Imhizha yekubudisa michina inobatsirawo inenge 28 000 mabasa, iyo inopa mari yakawanda yepamusoro uye inotyaira madhora madhora zana nemakumi maviri emutero wenyika.
Mifananidzo yeLignite Coal
Pakati pemarudzi ose emarasha, lignite ine ine yakadzika yezinga rakagadzirirwa kabhoni (25-35 muzana) uye yakakwirira kupfuura imwechete yeunyoro (kazhinji 20-40 muzana kuburikidza, asi inogona kuenda zvakakwirira se 60-70 muzana).
Ashi inofanana kusvika 50 kubva muzana. Lignite ine zviduku zve sulfuri (pasi pe1 peresenti) uye madota (anenge 4 muzana), asi ine huwandu hwezvinhu zvakashata (32 muzana uye yakakwirira kuburikidza nekuyera) uye inobereka zvakakwirira zvekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Lignite ine inotonho inotakura inenge 4,000 kusvika 8,300 Btu per pound.
Kubva & Accessibility of Lignite
Lignite inonzi inofanirwa kuwanikwa. Inenge 7 kubva muzana yemarara yakavharwa muU.S. is lignite. Inowanikwa zvikuru kuNorth Dakota (McLean, Mercer, uye Oliver counties), Texas, Mississippi (Kemper County) uye, kusvika pamaduku, Montana. ILignite Energy Council inotaura kuti marasha maduku anowanikwa kune mamwe mavara emarasha. Lignite veins inowanikwa pedyo nechepamusoro, izvo zvinoreva kuti kubvongerwa kwepasi pasi mumatanho hazvidiki uye hakuna ngozi ye methane kana carbon monoxide buildup, chinonyanya kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa mukati mekumigodha kwepasi.
Global Production
Maererano neWorld Coal Association, nyika dzakakwirira gumi dzinobereka marara mahara (dzinotarirwa kubva kune dzakawanda kusvika kune zvishoma): Germany, USA, Russia, Poland, Turkey, Australia, Greece, India, Czech Republic uye Bulgaria. Muna 2014, Germany yakange iine gurukota guru kwazvo, zvichiita matani 178.2 mamiriyoni e lignite kumatanisi eAmerica 72.1 mamirioni.
Zvimwe Zvinyorwa
Nemhaka yehupamhi hwaro hunyoro, lignite inogona kuomeswa kuti ichepise unyoro uye inowedzera calorific fuel value. Kuomeswa kunoda simba asi kunogona kushandiswa kuderedza nyaya yakashata uye sulfuri zvakare.
Ranking
Lignite yechina, kana yekupedzisira, mukupisa uye mumhepo yakakonzerwa nekuenzaniswa nemamwe marudzi emarasha, maererano neASTM D388 - 05 Kurongeka Kwakawanda kweMalahle ne Rank.