BP Gulf Oil Spill: Chokwadi, Economic Impact

by Kimberly Amadeo

BP Yakashandisa $ 56.4 Mamiriyoni eDheta Saka Kure

Musi waJanuary 16, 2018, BP PLC yakataurira kuti zvingatora $ 1.7 mabhiriyoni kutengesa mari inoshandiswa kuDreamwater Horizon Oil spill 2010. Inotarisira kubhadhara mari ye $ 3 mabhiriyoni kwegore. Kubva musi waJuly 14, 2016, BP yakanga yapedza $ 61.6 mabhiriyoni mubhadharo yematare, zvikwereti, nemari yekuchenesa.

Musi waSeptember 5, 2014, mutongi wehurumende akatonga kuti BP "yakanyanyisa kusaremekedza." Iyo kambani yakabhadharwa rekodhi $ 18 mabhiriyoni pasi peMvura yakachena yeMutemo. Dare rinotonga kuti BP inowanzocheka makona kuti iwedzere ruzivo .

Asi zvikwereti zveBP hazvina kutanga kutarisa kukanganisa kwakaitwa kuhupenyu hwevanhu, mhuka dzesango, zvisikwa, uye hupfumi hwemunharaunda. Heino zvinyorwa.

01 Nyaya Yakaipisisa yeAmerica Ita Zvose

Bhuputa yeBP yakavamba apo Deepwater Horizon rig yakatambura kuputika musi waApril 20, 2010. Pakati pevashandi 126 panzvimbo yepaiti zuva iroro, 11 vakaurayiwa nekuputika.

Mumwedzi waro wokutanga, BP yakadururira mamiriyoni makumi matatu emakironi emafuta muGulf, katatu Exxon Valdez mafuta spill .

Mumwedzi mitatu inotevera, kuputika kwemafuta muGulf of Mexico kwakagadzira dambudziko guru remafuta muUnited States. Masayendisiti anofungidzira makirogironi gumi nemamiriyoni makumi mana akaparadzirwa. Iyi inowanikwa ka18 nguva iyo yakaderedzwa neEexxon Valdez.

Izvo zvinetso zvoupfumi zvakanyanya kuipa. Iko Gulf kubata hove uye inotengeserana inobudisa $ 3,5 mabhiriyoni kusvika ku4,5 mabhiriyoni pagore. Izvo zvinodhura BP $ 4 biliyoni kuti ive nekunatsa dambudziko uye imwe $ 4 biliyoni kusvika ku $ 5 biliyoni muzvikwereti.

Mifananidzo yemapuraneti yakaratidza mafuta akavhara makiromita 25 000 makiromita uye achiita gungwa kubva Gulfport, Mississippi kusvika Pensacola, Florida. Panguva iyoyo, National Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration inotaura kuti pane 60 mukana wekodzero yakasvikidzika yaizosvika kuFlorida Keys.

02 Dhiyabhorosi

Inenge mamiriyoni gumi mapaundi ezvigaro zvewairi yakabviswa kubva kuLouisana mabhiri pakati paJune 2011 nemusi waApril 7, 2013. Kunyange mushure mekucheneswa, makiromita anopfuura mazana maviri ezvo achiri kuramba ane nzvimbo dzakasara dzemvura dzakaputirwa mumasango ayo. Yakauraya mbeu uye inokonzera kudengenyeka.

Kunyange zvazvo Louisiana yaiva yakaoma kwazvo, Alabama, Mississippi uye Florida mahombekombe akabatwawo. Heino kuti yakawanda mafurasi akaunganidzwa sei muhurumende imwe neimwe.

Louisiana - 9 810 133 pounds.
Alabama - 941 427 pounds.
Mississippi - 112,449 pounds.
Florida - 73 341 pounds.

Impact kuHove

Iyo nhamo yemafuta yakakanganisa kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwe killifish, iyo inowanzoitwa baitfish muchitsiko chezvokudya. Yakakuvadza kukura kwehove huru seya mahi-mahi uye kuderedza nhamba yevana vechidiki bluefin tuna ne20 muzana.

Migumisiro kuMhuka dzeMhuka

Muna 2011, hafu yemah dolphin emabhodeni ayo akarwara nemapapu chirwere. Nhamba yeAAAA yakarondedzera kuti rudzi urwu rwechirwere runokonzerwa ne "chepfu inowedzera mafuta." Vanenge makumi maviri kubva muzana vakanga vachirwara zvikuru vakanga vasina kutarisirwa kurarama. BP yakapikisa chidzidzo.

Pakazosvika May 2010 naNovember 2012, zvinopfuura 1 700 zvegungwa zvegungwa zvakawanikwa zvakasvibiswa. Izvi zvinoenzaniswa ne 240 zvinowanikwa gore. Mukuwedzera, 930 ma dolphin nemapuranga zvakawanikwa zvakanyongedzwa mukati megore raFebruary 2010 kusvika munaApril 2013. 20 chete chete pagore inowanzowanikwa mune ino.

Kutsiva nzvimbo yakarasikirwa nenzvimbo yematawi nedzimwe shiri dzinofamba-famba, 79 000 maekare ekukohwa uye minda yemupunga isina ruzivo yakave ichizadzwa nemaune. (Zvinyorwa: "Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill," Gungwa Rokudzivirirwa uye Kudzorera, Gumiguru 17, 2013. "BP Mvura Yakadzika Inowanikwa Mvura Yakadzika Inotora Mazwi Akawanda Pamusoro Pechiitiko chechitatu," NOLA.com, Kubvumbi 19, 2013.)

03 Timeline

Musi waApril 20, 2010, kuputika kwakakonzera $ 600 Million rig. Isati yakadaro, yakabudisa makiromita 336 000 emafuta pazuva. Yaiva nemafuta mazana manomwe emafuta emafuta anochengeterwa kushanda. BP yakabhadhara chikamu chinobva kuTransocean kwe $ 500,000 pazuva. Kumwe kuputika kwechipiri kwemazuva matatu gare gare kwakanyura.

Pakutanga, BP yakashuma kuti hapana mafuta aikwira. Asi musi waApril 24, Coast Guard yakataura kuti mabhiriyoni makumi mana emafuta pazuva aikwira kubva pamakumbo kusvika pamakumbo mashanu kubva pasi. Panguva iyoyo, BP yakatanga kuedza kuvhara tsime uye kumisa kuputika. Vakatanga kushandisa mabhoti kuti vagadzire uye vashandise valve yekuvhara.

Musi waApril 28, hurumende yakasimbisa nzvimbo iyi yakanga ichidonha 210 000 mabhiriyoni emafuta pazuva. Mafuta aya akatsetseka akavhara nzvimbo 5 000-square-mile. Musi waMay 2, 2010, BP yakatanga kupotera chinyorwa chekuyamura kuti iparadzanise zvakakanganiswa zvakanaka. Yakaronga kuputika mumatope uye simenti kuti ivhare kure.

Matsime acho haana kubudirira kusvika munaAugust. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, BP yakaedza kutora mafuta anonaya. Musi waMay 16, vakaisa pikiti yakaunganidza 84 000 mabhiriyoni pazuva. Mazuva maviri gare gare, NOAA yakazivisa 19 muzana yeGulf kuva "hapana-hove nzvimbo". Zuva rakatevera, mafuta mashoma akatanga kuvhara mhepo yeLouisana.

Musi waMay 27, masayendisiti akazivisa kuti mafuta acho akanga achizununguka pamwero we 798,000 galoni pazuva. Musi waJune 10, kuongororwa uku kwakawedzerazve kusvika pamamiriyoni 1 emamiriyoni pazuva. (Kubva: "Mazuva 100 eBP Oil Spill," Nguva. ")

04 Zvakaipisisa kupfuura Exxon Valdez

Bp spill mafuta akaparadza marwizi ane mana Gulf States: Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi uye Florida. Zvakaipisisa zvakadaro, zvakatora mwedzi mitatu kuti ivakire ruzivo rwakanaka kuti rurege kupera. Iko yakabva yatyisidzira kudarika maekare makumi matanhatu nemazana mana muZimbabwe National Wildlife Refuges, musha kune zvisikwa zvipenyu. Inenge makumi mana kubva muzana kubva kumahombekombe egungwa kumaodzanyemba makumi maviri nemashanu iri muLouisana. Zvakakosha $ 96 mabhiriyoni.

Izvo zvinokonzerwa neExcx oil spill zvakagara kwemakumi emakore. Muna 1989, Exxon Valdez yakaputika pamahombekombe eWilliam William Sound muAlaska. Iyi njodzi yakasvibisa makiromita mazana matatu kubva kumahombekombe egungwa ne 250 000 mapuranga kana makirogironi gumi nemamiriyoni emafuta. Indasitiri yekushanyirwa yakarasikirwa nemabasa anopfuura 26 000 uye inodarika $ 2.4 biliyoni mukutengesa. Pakazosvika 2003, zvakanga zvisati zvadzoka zvachose.

05 Wakabatsirwa neEconomy?

JPMorgan Chase akacherechedza kuti kutyora kwemafuta kuchenesa-yakagadzirisa zvakanyanya kuwedzera hupfumi muna 2012. BP yakashandisa $ 6 mabhiriyoni kuti ibhadhe vanhu 4 000 kuchenesa kupera gore iroro. Izvi zvakapa mari inopfuura $ 700 Mamiriyoni akarasikirwa mune hove uye kutora zvikwereti uye mabasa 3 000 akarasikirwa kusvika pamwedzi mitanhatu-yakadzika mvura yekuchera. Asi izvozvo hazvina kuverenga nguva yakareba mari kana zvinhu zvisingaverengeki muzvigadzirwa zvemhuri zvakadai sekukosha kwehupenyu hwevanhu uye hwemhuka hwakarasika.

06 Oilzilla!

Oiri nedutu remhepo hazvibatanidzi, zvingave zvakazununguswa zvakanaka kana kuti zvinokurudzirwa. Wedzera njodzi yakaipisisa yemafuta munhoroondo yeUnited States kusvika kune dutu remhepo inenge yakaipa seyoyo yakaunza dutu guru Katrina uye iwe unowana "Oilzilla". IAAA yakafanotaura kuti 2010 ingadai yakave iri pedyo-kudzokorora kwegore ra2005 pamwe nemhepo ine mhepo 14.

Oilzilla ingadai yakabatanidza kubhururuka kwechimvuramabwe nemigumisiro yenguva refu yemafuta. Iko kunogona kunge kwakanyatsotarisa mishonga yemafuta yemafuta nenzira iyo iyo ngozi yeTree Mile Island nyukliya yakaita kumagetsi enyukireya eMelika .

Pachinyanya kukosha, Oilzilla angadai apedza BP PLC, iyo yakawanda yemafuta uye gesi mubazi muUnited States. Iko mari yekambani yaive yakaderera 34 kubva muzana kubvira musi waApril 20 kuputika uye yakaparadza $ 96 mabhiriyoni inokosha. Izvi zvakaita kuti vamwe vafungidzire kuti BP yakava inotora kutora chinangwa, imwe yezvinogona kufarira Royal Dutch Shell. BP's clean-up cost yakafungidzirwa pa $ 37 biliyoni iyo yakaenzana nemakore matatu emari inoyerera.