Mvura Inoshandiswa Zvinyorwa zveShale Gas Drilling uye Fracking

A Tarisa Kuyerera uye Kwakabudiswa nemvura Fracking Waste

Gasi yemasikirwo inotorwa kubva pasi pevhu inosungirirwa nenzira inonzi hydraulic fracturing - inozivikanwawo se hydrofracking, hydro-fracturing, kukanganisa, kana kungoputika. Munguva ye hydrofracking, mamirioni emakironi emvura yakasanganiswa nemakemikari emabhizimisi uye anonyanya-jecha kana kuti ceramic particles - anoputirwa mumvura yakatakurwa kuti asunungure gasi rechisiki . MuMarcellus Shale kuumbwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States, somuenzaniso, kukanganisa tsime rimwe chete kunogona kudiwa 1 mamiriyoni kusvika kumamiriyoni mashanu emakironi emusanganiswa wemvura iyi.

Mitambo yeFracking Waste Water

Mvura yakasvibiswa kubva mubasa rekugadzira gasi inoenda nemazita maviri: kubuda uye kunogadzirwa nemvura . Aya mazwi anowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana, asi ane zvinoreva zvakasiyana.

Muwandu wekuyerera uye kubudiswa kwemvura kunowirirana zvikuru pakati pematsime, uye kwete yose shale maitiro anobudisa mvura yakawanda. Iviri inobereka zvishoma kana kuti pasina mvura ndeye Lewis Shale, iri muSan Juan Basin yeNew Mexico neColorado, uye Fayetteville Shale muA Arkansas.

Runbackback

Mushure mokunge nzira ye hydraulic fracturing yapera, kusvitsa mumvura inobudiswa. Nhungamiro yemvura inoyerera inoputika uye mvura uye inodarika yakawanda inoyerera ichidzoka kuburikidza nemugero wepamusoro kusvika kumusoro. Zvose izvi uye mvura yakadzorerwa inowanzonzi "flowback."

Yakagadzirwa Mvura

Mushure mekuchera nekuputira tsime, mvura inogona kubva kune iyo pamwe negasi rechisikigo. Mamwe emvura anodzoswa fracturing fluid uye imwe yaro inowanzoitika muchimiro.

Iyi mvura inogadzirwa inodzokera shure kuburikidza nechokumusoro nemhepo.

Fracking Waste Water mukati MuDetail

Kuyerera uye kubudiswa kwemvura kunofungidzirwa sengozi ine ngozi uye inofanira kuve yakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka. Maererano neEvironment Protection Agency (EPA), yakabudisa mvura inowanzochengetwa mumatsime akadzika kana "mvura isingasviki mhenderekedzo yegungwa." Kubuda uye kunounwa mvura ine munyu, makemikari makemikari, mahydrocarboni, uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumhepo.

• Munyu. Mvura yakabuda uye yakabereka mvura yakawanda kwazvo. Ichi ndechokuti mishonga inowedzerwa kune fraccturing fluid uye zvakare yakasunungurwa kubva pakugadzirwa kwe geologic. Mvura yakagadzirwa inonyanya kuzivikanwa nehuwandu huwandu huwandu hwehutrocarbon hunowanzoreva "semvura yemunyu" kana kuti "brine." MuMarcellus Shale, mvura inotenderera yakave yakayerwa pa 32 300 mg neyita ye sodium. Kana uchienzanisa, EPA inotora huwandu hwema 20 mg / L mumvura yekunwa.
• Industrial chemikemikari. Kuyerera uye kwakabudisa mvura ine makemikari akange akaiswa mucheche kuti atsigire kupfura. Somuenzaniso, muMarcellus Shale, mvura inotenderera inowedzera yakanyanya sodium, magnesium, iron, barium, strontium, manganese, methanol, chloride, sulfate nezvimwe zvinhu.
• Hydrocarbons. Mvura inogadzirwa inogona kuva nemakrocarboni - kusanganisira inotyisa zvinhu benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene uye xylene-inogona kusunungurwa panguva yekugadzira.
• Zvirwere zvinoshandiswa. Mvura yakadzokera kumusoro panguva yekudonhera inogona kutakura zvinhu zvinokonzerwa ne-radioactive zvinhu, zvinotaurwa nemabhizimisi se "NORM." Kubuda uye kwakabudisa mvura kubva kumarudzi akawanda eUnited shale maitiro akawanikwa kuti ane radioactive element radium. Kana ikakonzerwa mvura ine munyu uye inopfuma mumakloride, radium inowanzove iripo pakakwirira.

IEPA inobvumira mazana mashanu emapikicha emaRidimu neawa imwe yemvura yekunwa. Mvura yakakonzerwa yakawanikwa iine mazinga eRadium anenge akareba 9000 picocounds per litita (pCi / g).