A Common Type of Hard Coal neArmal and Metallurgical Uses
Aina dzeBhituminous Coal
Mazimbe anopisa, dzimwe nguva anonzi kushandiswa kwemazimbe, anoshandiswa kusimbisa masimba anogadzira mhepo yemagetsi uye kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi.
Terei dzinomhanya pamhepo dzimwe nguva dzinowanikwa ne "bitari dzemarara," zita rezita rekuda kwemazimbe.
Metallurgical coal, dzimwe nguva kunonzi coking coal, inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa kwema coke inodiwa yehuni nesimbi yekugadzirwa. Coke ibwe rekugadzika kabhoni rinoshandiswa nekupisa kupisa kwemazimbe kunzvimbo dzakadzika dzakanyanya pasina mweya. Iyi nzira yekunyungudutsa mazimbe musipo kwemojeni kubvisa tsvina inonzi pyrolysis.
Mifananidzo yeBhituminous Coal
Bvisa rinomira rine unyoro kusvika kusvika 17 muzana. Inenge 0.5 kusvika 2 muzana yehutachiwana hwemalahle inonzi nitrogen. Yaro yakagadzirirwa kabhoni inokwira kusvika kuma85 kubva muzana, nehutu hunokwana kusvika kusvika ku12 muzana kuburikidza nechiyero. Bhitumini yakawanda inogona kugoverwa zvakare nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakashata iyo inenge yakanyanya-isina kuchena A, B, uye C, iri pakati-isina simba, uye yakaderera. Nyaya yakatsvaga inosanganisira chero chinhu chipi zvacho chinosunungurwa kubva mumashavha pakushambidzika kukuru.
Munyaya yemarasha, nyaya ine simba inogona kusanganisira sulfur uye hydrocarboni.
Kuchenesa kukosha : Mazai emoto anopa anenge 10 500 kusvika ku15 000 BTU paundi pound se mined.
Kuwanika : Bituminous coal yakawanda. Zvinopfuura hafu yezvose zvinowanikwa mazimbe emarasha zvinowedzera.
Nzvimbo dzeMigodhi : MuU.S., marara anovhenekera anogona kuwanikwa muItaly, Kentucky, West Virginia, Arkansas (Johnson, Sebastian, Logan, Franklin, Papa, uye Scott)., Uye nzvimbo dziri kumabvazuva kweRwizi Mississippi.
Environmental Concerned
Zvinyoro zvinokonzera marara pamoto nyore nyore uye zvinogona kubereka utsi hwakawandisa uye soti-chetatu nyaya - kana ichipisa zvisina kunaka. Iro sulfur yaro yakakwirira inobatsira kuti asidi mvura.
Bhituminous coal ine mineral pyrite, iyo inoshumira semuti wezvinhu zvisina kuchena zvakadai se arsenic uye mercury. Kupisa mazimbe kunounza kutsvaga kusvibiswa kwemaminerari mumhepo sekusvibiswa. Munguva yekupisa, anenge 95 muzana yehutu yemarara sulfur inogadzirisa inowana oxidized uye inosunungurwa se gaseous sulfur oxides.
Zvinokonzera kusvibiswa kubva mumoto zvinokonzerwa nemarasha zvinosanganisira nyaya (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxidhi (NOx), kutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvakadai semutobvu (Pb) uye mercury (Hg), hydrocarboni yemvura inonzi phase, semethane, alkanes, alkenes uye benzenes, uye dibenzo-p-dioxin uye mapolenzo-d-dioxin ane mapolkritin, zvinowanzozivikanwa se dioxin uye furans. Kana ichipiswa, moto unopisa unobvisawo zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakadai sehydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF) uye polycyclic inonhuhwirira hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Kupisa kusina kukwana kunotungamirira kumazinga akakwirira ePAHs, ayo ari mapirinogenic. Kupisa mazimbe anopisa pamatambo anotonhora kunoderedza kusvibiswa kwaro carbon monoxide.
Nokudaro, hurukuro dzinopisa uye dzakachengetedzwa zvakanaka zvinowanzova nekusvibiswa kwepasi. Bhabhaini yakawanda inobata uye inogadzirisa maitiro.
Bhuku rinopisa rinopisa rinosunungura huwandu hwemhepo mumhepo kupfuura huni-bituminous coal combustion, asi nekuda kwehuwandu hunopisa huripo, huwandu hwemafuta hunodiwa kuti hugadzire magetsi. Sezvakadaro, mazhenje uye mashizha mashoma anobudisa zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwakaenzana hwekusvibiswa kwe kilowatt yemagetsi inogadzirwa.
Zvimwe Zvinyorwa
Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kudhonza kwemazimbe emagetsi kwakange kuri basa rakaipisisa, kutora mavhareji emafumi 1,700 emigodhi emarasha anorarama gore negore. Munguva imwecheteyo nguva, vanenge 2 500 vashandi pagore vakasiiwa zvachose vakagumuchirwa semagumisiro emagetsi emari.
Zviduku zviduku zvemarara zvinokonzera marara zvakasara shure mushure mekugadzirira kwebazi rebazi remalahle zvinonzi "mari yemari." Maripa yakajeka, ine guruva, uye yakaoma kubata, uye netsika dzakachengetwa nemvura mumagetsi ekudzivirira kuchengetedza kuti vasafuridzire kure.
Inyanzvi itsva dzive dzakagadzirwa kuti dziwanezve mari. Imwe nzira inoshandisa centrifuge kuti iparadzanise mazimbe emarasha kubva kune slurry mvura. Dzimwe nzira dzinosunga zvikwereti mumabatoti ane uwandu hwemhepo yakadzika, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa mafuta.
Kutarirwa : Bhitumini yakawanda inotora chikamu muhutsi uye carbon inogereraniswa nemamwe marudzi emarasha, maererano neASTM D388 - 05 Kurongeka Kwakawanda Kwemalahle neRo.
Dzidza Neimwe Mhando dzeMarara
# 1 Yakarongwa Mari - Anthracite
# 2 Yakanyorwa Coal - Bituminous