A Tarisa DNA Microinjection Method

Kushandura Genesisi Pakati Pezvipenyu Kupfuura Microinjections

DNA microinjection nzira dzinoshandiswa kuendesa mazamu pakati pezvipfuwo uye inyanzvi nzira yekuumba zvipenyu zvisingagoneki, kunyanya zvipfuwo.

Tsanangudzo yeDNA

DNA, kana deoxyribonucleic acid, inowanikwa nhaka yevanhu uye zvinenge zvose zvipenyu. Inenge imwe sero iri mumuviri womunhu ine DNA yakafanana. DNA yakawanda iri muchitokisi cheyero (uko inonzi nuclear nuclear DNA), asi duku shoma reDNA rinogona kuwanika mumitochondria, uko kunonzi Ditochondrial DNA kana mtDNA.

Mashoko ari muDNA anochengetwa sekodhi yakagadzirwa nemakumbo mana emakemikari: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), uye thymine (T). DNA yevanhu inosvika mabhiriyoni mabhiriyoni matatu, uye zvinopfuura 99 muzana zvezvigaro izvozvo zvakafanana kune vanhu vose. Kurongeka, kana kuenzanirana, kwezvidzidzo izvi, kunogadzirisa ruzivo rwekuvaka nokuchengetedza mhuka. Iyi sangano yakafanana nenzira iyo tsamba dzinyorwa dzinyorwa dzinoratidzika mune imwe nzira kuti dzigadzire mazwi nemitsara.

DNA mabhesi maviri pamwe chete (kureva, A ane T uye C naG) kuita masuniti anonzi pasi peiri. Nheyo imwe neimwe inobatanidzwawo neshuga molecule uye phosphate molecule. Apo vatatu vakaiswa pamwechete (nheyo, shuga, uye phosphate) iyo inonzi nucleotide. Nucleotides inorongwa mumakumbo maviri marefu anoita mhepo inonzi double helix. Chimiro che double helix chinenge chakaita semakera, uye mabhesi ari pasi achiumba mapeji emakero uye shuga uye phosphate mamolekemu achiita zvidimbu zvakananga pamakero.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha cheDNA ndechokuti inogona kudzokorora, kana kuita ma kopi ayo. Nhengo imwe neimwe yeDNA iri muviri helix inogona kushanda semuenzaniso wokudzokorora kuwirirana kwezvigaro. Izvi zvakakosha apo masero akaparadzanisa nokuti rimwe nerimwe sero rinoda kuve neko chaiyo yeDNA iripo muchitokisi chekare.

Nzira yeDNA Microinjection

Mune DNA microinjection, iyo inozivikanwawo seyunyukliya microinjection, girazi rakanaka kwazvo pipette rinoshandiswa kuisa munhu DNA kubva pane imwe nyama kusvika mazai eimwe. Nguva yakanakisisa yejojo ​​inotanga kubereka kana ovha ine mazwi maviri. Apo iyo fuse mbiri inoita nucleus imwe chete, DNA inorohwa inogona kana kuti isingatorwa. Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia (Irvine) Transgenic Mouse Facility inofungidzira inofungidzirwa kubudirira kwehuwandu hwe10 kusvika kune 15 kubva muzana kubva kuongororwo nekugadzirisa kuongorora kunobatsira zve transgenes. Kana DNA ichibatanidzwa mujenome, inoitwa saizvozvo. Nemhaka yeizvi, pane nguva dzose mukana wekuti gene inoshandiswa haigoni kuratidzirwa neGGO , kana inogona kutopindira nekuratidzira kweimwe geni pane chromosome.

Kutevera DNA injection, ma ovum inotamirwa ku oviduct yemudzimai anogamuchira, kana kuti amai vakwegura, iyo yakakonzerwa nekubatana nemurume ane vasectomized.

_Sources:

_{Genetics Home Reference. Chii chinonzi DNA? US National Library of Medicine. https://ghr.nlm.nig.gov/primer/basics/dna}