Zvinowanzoitika mazuva ano kuti anzwe nezvekambani iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kune "vashandi vekutsvaga" vari kutarisa kumanikidzira shanduko. Vaya vatengesi vanowanzotora masimba mamenenja vanoshanda kuti vawane chikamu chikuru chemakambani ekambani, uye shandisa izvo sevanorega kuvimba nekutungamira. Kazhinji, vatyairi ava vari kutsvaga nzvimbo panzvimbo yebato revatungamiri vekambani, asi vanotarisawo kutungamira kutungamira kwebhizimisi rekambani, kana kukurudzira kambani kuzvitengesa kana kuwana imwe yakasimba.
Vashandi vemhirizhonga vari kuwedzera nhamba. Vakaita zvinodarika mazana matanhatu zvemakambani omunharaunda muma 2015 uye muna 2016, maererano neshumo inobva kuMcKinsey & Company, inyanzvi yezvebhizimisi munyika yose. McKinsey inotaura kuti kubva pakutanga kwegore ra2017, kwaive neine 550 yevashandi vezvematongerwo enyika munyika yose, uye vaidzora kudarika $ 180 mabhiriyoni mugoveri wenheyo.
Chii chinoshandiswa nevashandi vekuita zvematongerwo enyika kuti vawane varoti vepakati? Iko bhagi rakavhenganiswa. Kune mienzaniso mizhinji apo maitiro avo akabudirira mukusimudzira vatengesi kukoshesa nekuita mari yeiyo inowanzoita mutengesi. Asi pane humwe uchapupu hwokuti vashandi vezvematongerwo enyika vangave vakakwanisa kushandura kwekushanda kwenguva pfupi pane kutora nguva yakareba iyo inogona kuva yakakosha kune vashandi vezuva nezuva vane nguva refu.
Vashandi vemari vanogona kubatsira kupa izwi kune vashoma varairi, avo vane zvikamu zvishomanana zvekambani kuti vave nenzwi rechokwadi mune zvarinosarudza.
(Kana iwe une zvikamu zana zveApple kubva pane zvikamu zvishanu zvemabhiriyoni zvakakosha, somuenzaniso, iwe hauna kuwana CEO Tim Cook.) Asi zvakare zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti vashandi vekuita zvematongerwo enyika havakwanisi kuva nechikonzero chimwe chete zvinangwa sevhareji vagari vemo.
High-Profile Battles
Mumakore ose aya, vamwe vatengi vekutsvaga vatengi vakawana mukurumbira-uye upfumi - nekushandisa simba rezvikamu zvavo kuti zvive nemafungiro emakambani.
Mumwe wevanyori vanozivikanwa zvikuru muhurumende ndeyeCarl Icahn, uyo akauya panzvimbo iyi muma1980 mushure mekugadzira hutsinye hutsinye hweTransWorld Airlines ndokuzobatsirwa kubva kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvekambani. Mumakore ose aya, akashandisa simba rake senhengo dzekutora kushandura zvisarudzo nezvimwe zvemakambani anozivikanwa pasi pose, kusanganisira Apple, eBay, uye PayPal.
Imwe yeIkahn yakanyanya kufambira mberi ndeyokuwana chikamu chinenge gumi muzana muDhuri Dollar, uye kukurudzira kambani kuzvitengesa pikwikwi Dollar Tree. Iye akazotevera akatengesa chunk huru yedanda rake mukambani, pachake achiwana makumi emamiriyoni emadhora.
Muna 2012, Icahn zvakare akaita basa mukudzvinyirira Apple kuti adzokere mamwe mari kune vagoveri nekuita chikamu buyback uye kupa zvikwereti.
Mamwe mapurogiramu eIknn akaenderera kuve anozivikanwa vanoita zvekurima varimi ivo pachavo, mune dzimwe nguva kunyange vachikwira neIkahn pamabasa. Vamwewo vashandi vekutsvaga vatori vekutsvaga vanosanganisira Starboard Capital, iyo yakarwisana naMacy's na Yahoo! uye akarwisana nenzira yayo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yekutora kweDarden Restaurants; uye Trian Partners, iyo muna 2017 yakarwisana kuti CEO wayo Nelson Peltz aiswe pabhodi revatungamiri veMutter naGamble.
Activist Impact
Izvozvo zviito zvevatori vemhirizhonga vanonyatsobatsira kuita mari kune vagovana? Muzviitiko zvizhinji, hongu.
Kuedza kweIkahn kurwisa Apple hakuna mubvunzo kuti kwakanaka kune vanhu vaive nemayero emakambani. Mutengo weApple wakasimuka anenge anenge 30 muzana kupfuura gore ra2012 uye wakaramba achiwedzera kubva.
Muchikamu che2016 muHarvard Business Review, vaviri vakuru vakuru vekutsvaga PwC vakatsigira kuti mamwe makambani anofanirwa kuteerera kune vanoita zvekutsvaga mari nekuti vanowanzobvunza mibvunzo yakaoma, asi mibvunzo inoshanda. Vanyori veMcKinsey & Company report, panguva iyo, vakati kana kambani inobata zvakanaka nevashambadzi vemhirizhonga, vanogona kushanda sevanopa mazano vasina kurongeka.
"Kutarisa nyaya yacho nenzira isingatyisidzi, panzvimbo yekushandisa mamiriyoni pamubvunzurudzo wekubvunzurudza, iwe unogona kuwana imwe yekusununguka kubva kune vanozove-vanove vanoita zvekuita mari," akanyora kudaro McKinsey.
Zvisinei, mapeji 2015 nevanoshambadzidzi vebhizimisi kubva ku Columbia University neRuthgers University vakaratidza kunetseka kuti makambani ave ari kuita mari shoma mukutsvakurudza uye kubudirira nekuda kwezvinomanikidzwa kubva kune vashandi vanoita zvematongerwo enyika, vanoda kutsvaga mari nokukurumidza kupfuura mberi.
Zvakakoshawo kuona kukosha kwekuva nomunhu mumwe chete kana boka rinodzora huwandu hwekambani. Apo mumwe munhu kana boka revashambadziri vanotenga nhamba yakawanda yezvikamu zvezvitoro, izvo zvinogona kumanikidza mutengo kusvika kumusoro. Zvakanaka kune vose. Asi, izvi zvinoreva zvakare kuti vane kodzero yekutengesa zvikamu zvakawanda zvezvikamu kamwe chete, zvichiita kuti kugoverana kwemajeri pasi pasi.
Mumiririri Wevatengesi Vanove Nechinangwa Chavo Pfungwa, Asi Hazvifaniri Kukosha Kwako
Kana uri kuchengetedza zvekurega basa, iwe unoda kukosha kwemaoko kusimudzira, asi hausi kuzove wakanyanyisa kuziva kana chikwata chinokwira zvakanyanya pamwedzi mishomanana inotevera kana kunyange gore rakatevera. Chero bedzi paine rusununguko rwepamusoro pamusoro penguva, iwe uri kufara chaizvo. Vashandi vezvemhirizhonga, kune rumwe rutivi, vanogona kunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pekuita kwekambani munguva pfupi. Vangave vachida kumanikidzira shanduko iyo inowedzera kugovana kwevatengo pakarepo, kuitira kuti ivo vagozogona kutengesa zvikamu kune purofiti. Vashandi vekuita zvematongerwo enyika havasi ivo vanonetseka pamusoro pekukanganisa kwekambani yekushanda kwemakore mashanu, gumi kana makumi maviri kusvika mune ramangwana. Ichi ndicho chikonzero vamwe vatsoropodzi vakaratidza kushushikana pamusoro pekudonha kwekutsvakurudza uye kukurudzirwa nekambani dzakatarisana nechisimba kubva kune vashandi vanoita zvematongerwo enyika.
Izvi hazvirevi kuti vashandi vekuita zvematongerwo enyika havagone kukuita mari. Zvechokwadi, kuchinja kunoitwa ikozvino kunogona kubhadhara munguva yakareba zvakare. Asi ramba uchifunga kuti vamwe vavariro dzevatengesi hazvirevi zvakafanana nezvako.