Mashandisiro anoita Makambani Nguva uye Nhamba Yezvikamu Zvokubhadhara Varimi
Ndinoda kutora nguva yangu iyi masikati kuti ndikupei kunzwisisa maitiro ekufunga angave ari shure kwebhokisi rekambani apo rinoparidza kuti riri kutevera imwe sarudzo yekubhadhara chikamu chekugoverana uye zvishoma zvezvikomborero uye kusagadzikana kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveparadhiso kubva pakuona yezvinhu zvose zvebhizimisi uye wekuchengetedza.
In Financial Financial Theory, Pakupedzisira Ikambani Inongobatsira Chayo Chayo Inogona Kubhadhara Mukupatsanurwa
Kana iwe uine ruzivo rwehupfumi hwemari uye yekuenzanisa, iwe unoziva kuti, pakupedzisira, kururamisirwa kwebhizimisi rine chero kukosha zvachose kwakasungirirwa kune kukwanisa kwayo kubhadhara mari ikozvino kana pane imwe nguva mune ramangwana (kunyange kana iyo zvikomborero zvinouya mumutowo wekudzokera kumashure kune vashandi, sezvinoitika nemagadziro ezvitengo zvezvitengo ). Hazvina mhosva kana iwe une pabasa rakanaka, zvichida semhuri inoshandisa kambani ine chikwereti chakanaka , kana kana iwe uine bhizimusi zvishoma kuburikidza nokutenga kwemazvikamu ega ehurumende mubhengi rako rekutengeserana , Roth IRA , hurongwa hwekutenga zvigadziriswa , chikamu chekugadzirisa rekugadzirisa chirongwa , mari yehurumende , mutual fund , kana ETF , pane imwe nguva, mumwe munhu pasi pemutsetse, iwe kana kuti muridzi anotevera, anogona kukwanisa kubvisa mari kubva kune bhizimisi nenzira yorudzikinuro mari inogona kushandiswa, kana zvisina kudaro bhizinesi harina rondedzero yezvemari yekuti iripo sekushandiswa kwemari yako.
Mune mamwe mazwi, kana paive nenheyo iyo hurumende yaizobhadhara 100% yezvimwe zvipo kubva mubhizimisi ripi neripi, mashizha angave asingambobatsiri kune vamwe kunze kwevatengesi, kunyange makambani asina kubhadhara chikamu nokuti chipikirwa chokukwanisa kurarama zvechokwadi kubva pamari yaipiwa kamwechete iyo makambani akanga akakura iye zvino akapera.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kunyanya iyo iyo kambani ine mukana wakanaka wekurima mubairo kudzoka mubhadharo yefaji pazhizha rekuwedzera kuti iwedzere pakudzokorora kwakanyanya kune guru , zvinogona kunge makumi emakore chikamu chekutanga chisati chaziviswa. Zvechokwadi, mamwe mabhizinesi buck izvi zvinoitika - Wal-Mart Stores muenzaniso wakanakisisa sezvo wakanga uri umwe wekubudirira kwazvo kubudirira nguva dzose asi Sam Walton aive nekambani yake yekutengesa kugovera mari kune vanochengetedza zvikwereti zvinoramba zvichiwedzerwa gore rimwe nerimwe, vachifunga zvakakosha kudurura zvimwe zvekubudirira pavari parwendo kunze kwekutarisira kuti zvose zvigone kusvika kumagumo kana kuti kuti vanhu vatengese ivo pachavo kuti vawane mari mukati mekuonga kwakange kwaitika - asi vamwe vanoiumba. Microsoft ndiyo imwe yero muenzaniso.
Kwenguva inenge imwe chizvarwa, Microsoft haina kubhadhara dime muzvikamu sezvo mutemo waro wekugoverana kwaiva kuchengetedza mari yose yekuwedzera injini yepamusoro yaiva nemiganhu yakakura yekushanda uye kudzoka kunoshamisa kunoshamisa kwehutano . Yakarongedza uye yakaramba ichiwana mari , ichiva chimwe chekutsvaga kubudirira zvikuru munhoroondo nenzira imwechete iyo Wal-Mart akaita. Dai waive uine $ 100,000 muPO musi wa13 Mbudzi, 1986, uye ukaivhara muvharo kusvikira munaMay 2016, iwe unenge wakagara pane chimwe chinhu chakadai se $ 53,827,182 mune zvayo uye $ 11,635,807 mubhadharo yemari pamberi pemitero, usingatori chikamu chekugadziriswa zvachose (uye iwe unoziva kuti chikamu chekugoverana chekugadzirisa zvekugadzirisa chii iwe unogona kungofungidzira kuti pfuma yakawanda yaunogona kuva nayo dai iwe wakanga uchishambadzira zvikomborero zvezvekutsvaga zvikamu zvizhinji).
Mari yako ye $ 100 000 yakasvibirirwa mu $ 65 462 989 mumakore makumi matatu chete, ichiwedzera kumativi ekumaodzanyemba kwe24% pagore kwezvikamu zvitatu zvakatevedzana mumutambo wakaitwa kune mabhuku ezvinyorwa; mhirizhonga yakaita kuti Bill Gates avake kambani yekuchengetedza yega inonzi Cascade Investment uyewo imwe yenheyo dzinobatsira zvikuru munyika.
Kubva iyo $ 11,635,807 mune chikamu chakanaka chaunogona kuwana, chikamu chekutanga chakanga chisina kubhadharwa kusvikira February 19th, 2003, iyo inotaura kuti zvikamu zvinowanikwa nguva dzose zvakatanga. Chikamu chako chekutanga chingave chakange chave chakakomberedzwa $ 82,305. Microsoft yakaratidzawo kuti nguva imwe chete yakasarudzwa pamusi waNovember 15, 2004, semupiro mukuru kune vose vakange vatya. Munzvimbo yako, kubhadhara kweimwe nguva kwaizove kwakapoteredza madhora 3 168 726; mari iyo yakanyatsoiswa muakaunti yako yekutengeserana, kutarisa maakaunti, kana kambani yekuchengetedza kana, kana kuti, yakatumirwa kwauri sepepa chekuongorora mutsamba.
Mumakore ose aya, kukwira kwemeteoric mumutengo wematengo kwaiva kuratidza, zvisingaiti zvisina kunaka uye zvakanyanya kusinganzwisisiki, zvekutsinhanisa kwekusimbisa kwevatengesi sekukosha kwemukati wemasaisai emari yemangwana. Kana mari isingagoni kubviswa zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kukanganisa kubva muMicrosoft, benzi chete raigona kutenga chikwata. Icho chaiva chivimbiso chekubhadharwa kwemunguva yemberi, pane imwe nguva, iyo yakafambisa kudzoka kwayo. Zvakare, izvi hazvisi zvitsva kuna ani zvake ane ruzivo mune zvemari kana kuverenga - zvidzidzo zvinokosha-asi zvakakosha kuti tinyatsonzwisisa tisati tapinda muhurukuro pamusoro pehupfumi hwekubhadhara mutemo.
Zvimwe zvezvinhu Bhodi Ringafungisisa Apo Kusarudza Purogiramu Yokubhadhara Kwekuparadzanisa
Sezvo ichiita sarudzo pamusoro pechirevo chekubhadhara chikamu chinokodzera, boka revatungamiri vekambani rinogona kutora zvinhu zvakawanda kusanganisira, asi kwete kune, zvinotevera.
- Ndeipi mikana yekudzorerwa kunobatsira kwepasipo mari isingasviki? Kana iwe uri wakasimba uri kuwedzera munyika yose kana nyika isina mugumo mumaziso, hazvirevi kubhadhara idhora kana iwe unogona kugadzira zvinodarika madhora emari kuburikidza nekuzvidzorera kushanda. Kana iwe uri kambani yakakosha yekambani ine kubhadhara kwakaderera pamusoro, hazviiti kuti pfungwa dzakawanda dzirambe dzichiwedzera. Vapi vangave vari nani pakubhadhara mari yakawanda sezvikamu, zvichibudirira kuvhara bhizimisi kune imwe nguva.
- Iyo yakagadzikana uye yakachengeteka iyo chikamu chemari uye chekuwana mari ? Makambani anotarisirwa anodiwa kuti ave nemari yakakwana yemari kuitira kuti awane nguva dzekutambudzika kwepfuma. Mamwe maitiro emabhizimisi ane mari yakashata yakawanda kana mari inoshandiswa inoda hukuru hwekutonga kudarika dzakasiyana, mamwe mabhizimisi emari engjini. Kune mabhizimisi aya, zvinogona kuva nengozi kudhonza chikamu chebhadharo chakakwirira kwazvo, nokukurumidza. Icho chinhu chimwe chekambani yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa kuti ive nehuwandu hwe50% hwekubhadhara chikamu uye chimwe chinhu zvachose kuti kambani yakachena yekumitambo ine minda ive yakafanana. Iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kukosha kwerudzi rwekugoverwa, iyo inogona kuva yakaipisisa kune vashandi vemari vasiri kuwana vachishandisa hurongwa hwekugoverana.
- Ndeapi maitiro ekubhadhara mubhadharo emamwe makambani ari munharaunda imwechete nemabhizimusi ? Zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kukwidza hukuru kana kukwezva vatengesi kana iwe uine ivhu rakafanana nevezera rako asi iwe unopa chikamu chikuru chekugovera .
- Ndeapi rudzi rwevateresi iyo iyo firimu inoda kutora? Makambani anobhadhara nguva dzose uye achiwedzera zvikamu anowanzokwezva kune vapfumi, vakanyanya kugadzirisa vatengesi. Uyezve, sarudzo yakasimba, yakagadzikana inogona kupa goro rinobudirira pamatanda, zvimwe zvose zvakaenzana, nekuda kwechimwe chinhu chinonzi rubatsiro rwekuparadzanisa; vatengesi vanomhanyira kunotenga iyo panguva iyo mugove wavo wekugovera unova wakaipa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti uwane mari yakawanda kana uchienzaniswa nekambani dzisina chikwereti-kubhadhara apo mabhizimusi makuru ari kusununguka kusununguka. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pezviitiko izvi, verenga Sei Chikwata Chekubhadhara Chikwereti Chiratidza Kuwira Pasi Pakati Pezvokudya Makambani .
- Ndeupi mutemo wemutero uripo panguva iyo? Izvo zvikamu zvakabatwa sei?
- Ndezvipi zvinodikanwa nevatori vemabhiza makuru? Iwe unotarisa kambani yakafanana neHershey uye kuti chikamu chakawanda chesaiti chakazara chinowanikwa neHershey Trust kuitira kubatsirwa kwechikoro nenherera yakasimbiswa naMalton Hershey nemudzimai wake, uye vanoziva kuti imwe cheirk yemutemo wePennsylvania zvinoita kuti zvive zvese asi zvisigoneke kuti kuvimba kutengesa mari inorevekesa yematokisi, uye iwe unonzwisisa chikonzero Hershey anofanira kubhadhara mugove wezvinhu zvose nezvinangwa. Mugove wayo mukuru anobva pane iyo mari yekuisa zviuru zvevana kuburikidza nechikoro; kubhadhara zvokudya uye pokugara.
Nzara yakakosha mubhadharo Benjamin Graham akanyora pamusoro pemafambiro evatungamiri kuti vauye nemafungiro asinganzwisisiki ekubhadhara mafilosofi akanga asingabatsiri mune nzira yakangwara yezvematongerwo enyika, zvakadai sokubhadhara 25% yemari; chimiro chisinganzwisisiki. Izvi zvinoita sokuti zvichaitika kupfuura zvaunotarisira.
Imwe inonyanya kufadza mutsika yakasiyana pakati peUnited States neUnited Kingdom ndiyo huzivi hwehutori hunoendeswa kumutemo wekubhadhara muparadhiso. MuUnited States, mabhizimisi mazhinji anowanzoparadzanisa mararamiro nenzira iyo Graham angabvumirana nayo, achirapa mari yekubhadhara gore negore uye anotarisa mari yazvino uye mari yehupfumi nenzira imwechete yebhizimisi yega. Izvi zvinokonzera kusagadzikana muzvikamu zvezvikamu zvemakambani akawanda - iwe unogona kuwana gore kana gore risati rapera kunyange kana bhizinesi, pane nguva, ichiita zvakanaka uye inowedzera chikamu chayo pamusana wevhu - asi izvi zvingave zvakakwana zvachose muUnited States. Vashandi vekuAmerica vanotarisira uye vanoda kuti makambani awedzere kuparadzanisa kuwedzera mune nzira iyo kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu zvisinganzwisisi saka avo vanovimba nemari vanogona kuitarira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti makambani haafambisi kubhadharwa kwezvikwereti zvakakwirira sezvavanokwanisa panguva yemakore ekumusoro, zvichida kuvaka zvivako uye zvishoma nezvishoma kugovera zvikamu kune imwe neimwe zvishoma nezvishoma kuti varambe vachikwanisa kunyora mabhuku avo ekuwedzera ekubhadhara. Kutaura zvazviri, munyika ino tinopemberera makambani akarerera mugove wavo gore rimwe nerimwe asingatambisi kwemakore 25 kana kupfuura, achivatumidza kuti "Dividend Aristocrats". Makambani akakonzera zvikamu zvavo zvakazara nokukurumidza asi asi haana kuita nenzira yakadai haana kubatanidzwa.
Chimwe chinhu icho varairidzi vanofanira kufungisisa mukuongorora sangano reparadhiso yekambani ihwo huchapupu hwezvidzidzo kuti chikamu chekubhadhara zvikwereti pane zvose zvinowedzera kukonzera kusina chikamu chekubhadhara mari. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvezvikonzero izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndizvo, kusanganisira:
- Zvikamu hazvikwanisi kuiswa. Ikambani inobhadhara mari iri kunze kana haiti. Izvi zvinoguma mumakambani ane mashandiro ekubhadhara mubhadharo eparadendu anoremekedzwa kupfuura "chiyero chekuwana" nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwepamusoro pehuwandu hwemari inoshandiswa mumutemo wekuwana uye mari chaiyo yebhadharo, kana mubhadharo wemuridzi.
- Sangano rakasimba rekuparadzanisa rinoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chenguva dzose kune vatungamiri kuti mufambisi wekudzoka anofanira kutanga kuuya. Inova chikamu chetsika; inzira yekuyera zvishoma nezvakanaka zvakanaka zvakagadzirwa kune vadzidzisi.
- Sangano rakagadziriswa rekuparadzanisa rine simba rekuderedza mari yose inowanikwa kune vatungamiri nokuda kwezvinangwa zvekubatana nekuwana. Izvi zvinowanzomanikidza vatariri kuti vawedzere kusarudza pavanenge vachiedza kutsvaka purogiramu semari inenge iri shoma.
- Mugovera wekugovera rubatsiro chinoshamisa chinokurukurwa kare chinobvumira kambani kukwidza mari yakawanda zvakanyatsonaka uye pamutengo uri nani kana dzimwe nguva dzakaoma nekuda kwekufunga kuti dzakachengeteka zvichibva pamusana mukuru wemari yakakosha; iyo yepamusoro yemari yemari uye kukosha kwekutengeserana kushanda sechikonzero cherugare rwepfungwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuderera kusinganzwisisiki kuwedzera kana kupera kwebatsiro nekuda kwepamusoro mari yepamusoro apo denga rinokura rima.
Mamwe Mashoko pamusoro pezvakagadziriswa uye kugoverwa kwekutsvaga
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, verenga Purogiramu Yedu Yese Yese yekugovera uye kugoverana kwekutsvaga .