401 (k) Zvirongwa Ndiyo Nzira Yakakura Yokudzivirira Pakurasikirwa
Kuti upe 401 (k), pane mitemo yakawanda iyo waunoshandira inofanira kutevera. Dhipatimendi reMabasa (DOL) rine rutivi runonzi "Employee Benefits Security Administration" inotungamirira kupa 401 (k) zvirongwa uye inotsanangura mitemo iyi.
Heano mheyo mitemo inotarisana nemitero inobhadhara mitero, mupiro wevashandi, uye sarudzo dzekutsinhanisa dzinobatsira kuti 401 (k) hurongwa hunoshanda sei.
Mitero Yemitero
Apo 401 (k) zvirongwa zvakatanga (munenge muna 1978), iwe unoisa mari muchirongwa chisati chabhadhara. Tichatarisa kuti kutora mitero isati yatanga kushanda sei.
Pre-Tax 401 (k) Mipiro
Kazhinji, paunowana mari, unofanira kubhadhara mitero yemari pane zvaunowana. A 401 (k) chirongwa chinokubvumira kuti usabhadhara mitero yemari inowanikwa gore iri pamusoro pemari yemari (kusvika kumutemo usingabvumirwi 401 (k) muganhu wemugove ) waunoisa muurongwa. Nhamba yaunoshandisa inonzi mubhadharo kuregererwa mupiro , sezvo iwe uri kusarudza kurega zvimwe zvemari yaunowana iwe nhasi, iise muurongwa, uye uichengetedze kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuripedza mumakore ako ekurega.
Mari yacho inokura mutero-inoderedzwa mukati meurongwa. Mitero-inoderedzwa zvinoreva sokuti mari inotora mari inowana mari yekusabhadhara iwe usabhadhara mutero pamusoro pekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwegore rimwe nerimwe.
Pane kudaro, pamubhedheni, iwe unobhadhara mutero pamari yaunodzinga panguva iyoyo. Kune 10 muzana yemari inotengesa mutero uye mitero yemari kana iwe ukabvisa mari kare kare (usati wava nemakore 55 kana 59 ½ zvichienderana nezera rako rekurega basa uye 401 (k) kuronga mitemo ).
Mutero Wokuchengetera Muenzaniso
Ngatitarisei muenzaniso kuti tione kuti mari yekubhadhara mari inoshanda sei.
Ita kuti iwe unokwana $ 50,000 pagore uye uchisarudza kupa 5 muzana yemari yako, kana $ 2 500 pagore, kune yako 401 (k) hurongwa. Kana iwe uchibhadharwa kaviri pamwedzi, ipapo $ 104.17 inotorwa kubva pane imwe yebhadharo ndokuiswa mu 401 (k) chirongwa.
Pakupera kwegore, mari yawakagamuchira iwe unoshuma pamutero wako wekubhadhara ichava $ 47,500 panzvimbo ye $ 50,000 nokuti unowedzera kuderedza mari yako yawakagamuchira nemari yaunotora musati waita mu 401 (k) hurongwa.
Kana iwe uri mu25 kubva muzana mumutero wemari, iyo $ 2 500 yaunopinza muurongwa inoreva $ 625 pasi muhurumende yemitero yakabhadharwa. Iwe unoponesa $ 2 500 pamubhedheni, asi zvinongokubhadhara iwe $ 1,875.
Muenzaniso uri pamusoro apa unofunga kuti iwe unosarudza mutsika usati watere 401 (k) zvipo, apo iwe unopa mari mari isati yatere.
Roth 401 (k) Mipiro (Pashure-Mutero)
Vashandi vazhinji vanopawo sarudzo yekuisa muChiteved Roth 401 (k) zvipo . Nezvipo zveRoth (izvo zvakatanga kubvumidzwa muna 2006), hauna kuwana kuderedza mari yako yaunowana nemari yemupiro, asi mari yose inokura musingabhadhara mutero, uye paunotora zvishoma pamubhedheni, kubvisa mari isingabhadhara mutero!
Pre-Tax kana Pashure-Mutero?
Sezvo mutemo wehuwandu hwechigunwe, iwe unoda kuisa mutero usati watora mukati memakore yaunowana mari, iyo inowanzoitika pakati nepakati pekupedzisira kwebasa rako.
Iwe unoda kuita zvipo zveRoth mumakore apo iwe waunowana (uye nokudaro mutero wehutori) hausi wepamusoro. Makore ekutanga ekuwana mari anowanzoitika mukati mekutangira kwebasa, mumakore emakore ekushanda, kana panguva yekurega basa paunenge uchishanda chikamu-nguva.
Mushandi Wevashandi
Vashandirwi vazhinji vachapa zvipo kune yako 401 (k) chirongwa chako. Kune mhando mitatu mikuru yemishandiro yevashandi: kufanana, kusasarura, uye kugovana pfuma. Mipiro yevashandi nguva dzose inotora mutero, izvo zvinoreva kana pavanenge vadzorerwa mubasa rekurega, vachazobhadhara panguva iyoyo.
Matching
Nekupa mupiro unofanirwa, mushandi wako anongowedzera mari mu 401 (k) hurongwa kana iwe uri kuisa mari mukati. Somuenzaniso, inogona kuenzanisa nemipiro yako idhora-kusvika-dollar kusvika kune yekutanga 3 muzana yemari yako, ipapo makumi mashanu pane dollar kusvika kune inotevera 2 muzana yemari yako.
Mumuenzaniso wedu pamusoro apa, kana iwe uri kupa zvikamu zvishanu zvemari yako ye $ 50,000 mubhadharo, kana $ 2 500 pagore, mushandi wako aizowedzera $ 2,000. Vaizofananidza 3% yekutanga yemari yako, kana $ 1,500, nekuisa $ 1,500. Pane 2% inotevera yekubhadhara kwako, $ 1 000, iyo inenge ichienzanisa makumi mashanu, kana $ 500. Nokudaro, iyo yose yavaizozvipira panzvimbo yenyu yaizova $ 2,000 pagore.
Kana iwe waunoshandira achipa mupiro unoenderana, inenge nguva dzose inonzwisisika kupa mari yakakwana yekugamuchira mutambo . Funga nezvazvo sekumhanya kamwe!
Kwete-Kusarudza
Nekusaita kusarudzo, mushandirwi wako angasarudza kuisa chikamu chepakati muchirongwa chevanhu vose, pasinei nokuti vashandi vari kupa chero mari yavo kana kwete. Somuenzaniso, mushandi anogona kupa 3 muzana yebhadharo kurongwa gore negore kune vose vanoshanda.
Profit Sharing
Nekugovera-kugoverana mupiro, kana kambani inogadzira purofiti, inogona kusarudza kuisa mu dollar yakatarwa kusvika pane chirongwa. Kune mazano akasiyana-siyana anoratidza kuti ingani inogona kuenda kuna ani. Chimiro chinowanzoshandiswa ndeyekuti munhu wese anogamuchira mupiro wekugoverana kwepurogiramu unoenderana nekubhadhara kwavo.
Mari Iko Ndeipi?
Mamwe maitiro emashandisirwo anowirirana nevanoshandira anowanikwa pasi pekugadzirisa purogiramu , iyo inoreva kuti kunyange mari yacho iri munyaya yako, kana iwe uchibva usati wapera 100 muzana wakagadzirirwa iwe chete uchachengetedza chikamu chezvinowanikwa nekambani iwe. Iwe nguva dzose unofanirwa kuchengetedza chero mari yako yawakapa muurongwa.
Kusarura Mitemo
Vashandi havagoni kuisa 401 (k) zvirongwa zvekuti vabatsire vatenzi kana vashandi vanobhadharwa zvikuru. Chirongwa chega chega chinofanira kutarisana nechiyero chegore negore kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti chinosangana nemitemo iyi, kana kuti mushandi anogona kugadzira chirongwa chakakosha chinonzi "Safe Harbor 401 (k) chirongwa" chinovabvumira kudarika kuedza kwakaoma kwekuita.
Neurongwa hweStart Harbor, chero bedzi mubhadhari ari kuisa muchiyero chepamutemo chinotarisirwa, kana sekufananidza kana kuti kusasarudzwa, ipapo chirongwa chavo "chichapfuura" chero chekuongorora. Nechirongwa cheSeport Harbor, mimwe mipiro inobatanidza kana yekusarura inoshandiswa nemushandirwi iwe iwe inokurumidza kupiwa! (Kubatsira kugovera zvipo zvingave zvichiteerera purogiramu yekugadzirira.)
Investment Choices
Vazhinji 401 (k) zvirongwa zvichapa hutatu hutatu hwakasiyana-siyana hwekutsvaga hune hutano hwakasiyana kwazvo uye vatori vechikamu vanofanira kuwana dzidzo pazvisarudzo zvavo. Hurumende inotongawo inogadzirisa chikamu chemashandi emashandi kana mamwe maitiro emari inogona kushandiswa mu 401 (k) chirongwa. Pamusana pemitemo iyi, inowanzosiyana siyana yemari inowanikwa muna 401 (k) zvirongwa ndezvemari pamwe chete .
Nzira dzakawanda dzichagadzirisa kusarudzwa kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga (imwe mutual fund), uye mari yose inofamba imomo kusvikira iwe upinde muIndaneti kana kudana chirongwa chako chekushandura kune imwe nzvimbo yekutsvaga.
401 (k) Kusarudzwa Kwekutsvaga Kwevatambi
Yakawanda 401 (k) zvirongwa zvinopa rubatsiro-mari yezuva iro rine gore rekarenda muzita rechikwama icho chinotarisirwa kuenzanisa gore raunofunga kuti iwe ungasimuka. Izvi zvinogona kuva sarudzo yakanaka kune varairi vatsva.
Vamwe 401 (k) zvirongwa zvekare zvinopawo zvikwata zvemuenzaniso, apo unozadza bhuku remibvunzo, uye ipapo kusarudzwa kwezvikwereti kunokurudzirwa iwe. Kunze kwekuti iwe uri muzvinabhizimisi anonyanya kushandiswa kana kushanda nemari wekugadzirisa mari ari kukugadzirisa mazano, vazhinji venyu muchava nani pakushandisa chikwangwani chezuva chekutsvaga kana kuti mushumo wepodfolio. Ndinodana izvi zvisingaiti zvachose foolproof nzira yekuisa mari !
Mamwe Mitemo
Pane mimwe mitemo yakawanda iyo 401 (k) chirongwa chinofanira kutevera kuti chione kuti ndiani akakodzera, apo mari inogona kubhadharwa kunze kwechirongwa, kana zvikwereti zvinogona kubvumidzwa, nguva yekuti mari inofanira kupinda muchirongwa, uye zvizhinji, zvakawanda. Kana uri kuverenga mitemo, unogona kuwana ruzivo rwehuwandu muRetirement Plans FAQ peji yeDhipatimendi reDhipatimendi reMabasa.