Yeuka: Usaisa Mese Eki Yako Muchikoro Rimwe
Pasinei nokuti uri murima wekutsvaga mari kana iwe wakanga uri mumutambo wekutsvaga kwemari kwekanguva, shoko rimwe raunonzwa kazhinji nderokusiyana . Chikonzero cheizvi chiri nyore- uye chakakosha. Diversification inokosha pakudzikisa ngozi. Jim Cramer, anonyanyisa mukuru weCCBC's Mad Money terevhizheni chirongwa, anoti, "Diversification ndiyo imwe pfungwa inonyanya kukosha pakuisa mari. Ndicho chinhu chinokosha chokudzivirira kurasikirwa kukuru uye kuve nechokwadi kuti unokwanisa kutarisana nedutu. "
Saka iwe unogona sei kuparadzanisa mapepa ako uye unogona kuita zvakasiyana-siyana kuva chinhu chakaipa? Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekusiyanisa chikwereti chenyu, asi ramba uchifunga kuti chero humwe hutungamiri hwezvemari hunofanira kuitwa nemudzidzisi wezvemari akatendeka kana wapedza kuita basa rakawanda rinoitirwa kumba. Zvakakoshawo kuyeuka kuti kudarika kukuru kunogona kuwedzera uye kunodhura.
1. Kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza
Nzira yakakosha yekusiyana-siyana ndeyekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengeteka . Pano, njodzi yacho inoderedzwa nekuwedzera nhamba yezvikwata zvakasiyana mumapatotipu. Mubvunzo mukuru pano ndewekuti matengu akawanda aunofanira kuva nawo ndeapi akasiyana-siyana. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti uwandu hwekusiyana-siyana hunoramba huchiwedzera sezvo mamwe mashizha akawedzerwa kune imwe nzvimbo, asi pakuwedzera kwekuwedzera. Kuva nematokisi mashomanene kune ngozi, asi kuva nehuwandu kunogona kuwedzera. Iyo inogonawo kuva inodhura zvikuru, uye zvakaoma chaizvo kuchengetedza nehupfumi nehupfumi hwemazana emakambani akawanda.
Kuti uve nehutano hwakanaka hwekuchengetedzwa kwezvokuchengetedza, zvakanakisisa kutaura nemumwe nyanzvi pamusoro pekuwanda kwematokari kunofanirwa kuve sei mune yako portfolio. Mutungamiri anovimbwa anogona kuratidza hurongwa huchapa zvikwereti zvekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengeteka pasina kuenderera mberi.
2. Muchidimbu Diversification
Kusiyanisa kwemakemikari zvakakosha zvikuru kufunga.
Mitsva iboka rimwechete rezvikwata mukati mekambani yemari. Kunyanya kukoshesa zvakanyanya mune imwe sangano kunogona kukonzera chinhu kunze kwekuti musoro kana chikamu chacho chinotora zvakanyanya. Funga nezvekutambudzika kwemari muna 2008. Kutaura kuti mari yezvemari yakarohwa zvakaoma ndeyekupererwa. Chero ani zvake aive nehomwe yemabhangi emabhangi angangodaro akaona mumbure wavo akakodzera kudonha zvinoshamisa, zvichida usiku hwose.
Heino urongwa hwemashamba makuru emakethe:
- Utilities
- Kutakura
- Technology
- Consumer Discretionary
- Industrials
- Consumer Staples
- Utilities
- Mariki
- Simba
- Basic Materials
- Zvekufambisa Mabasa
- Nezveutano
Yeuka, nhengo imwe neimwe yemusika inokwanisa uye inobereka mararamiro akasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nemamiriro ehupfumi. Kuisa mari muzvikamu zvishomanana zvezvikamu zvinogona kuwedzera kukurumidza (ngozi) yekudzoka.
3. Indaneti Diversification
Nhamba inotevera yekusiyana-siyana ndeyekudyidzana kwemabhizimisi . Izvo zvachose zvinogona kuti zvivimbiso zvigoverane munharaunda imwe chete, asi kwete iyo yebhizimisi inotarisa. Ngatitore iyo teknolojia semuenzaniso. Kune makambani anotarisa pakugadzira makombiyuta, vamwe vanoita zvikamu zvekombiyuta, uye asi vamwe vanovaka software. Uye izvi hazvisi nyore kupararira pamusoro penyika kana zvasvika kune teknolojia.
Munharaunda yehutano yehutano, uchawana makambani anogadzira mishonga, vamwe vanokura midziyo yezvokurapa, uye vamwe vari kushanda kuti vawane zvirwere zvezvirwere uye zvirwere. Sezvaunogona kuona, iwe unogona kuparadzanisa zvikwereti zvako pane imwe nzvimbo.
4. Kuita zvepabheti Diversification
Nhamba inotevera yekusiyana kwemisika yemari yemari . Hapana mubvunzo kuti iwe unowanzotanga kunzwa kana kuverenga mazwi makuru-cap, mid-cap, uye zviduku-mashesi masikati zuva nezuva. Sekudzokorora, mari yepamusoro inongova mutengo wechipatimendi chekambani yakawanda nekuwanda kwezvikamu zvakakosha. Semuenzaniso, kambani ine mari yekutengesa iri $ 25 ne10 000,000 chikamu chakakosha ine misika yemari ye $ 250,000,000. Nhamba dzemari dzinotaridzika dzinotsanangurwa nemukati wehomwe yavo:
- Makuru Cap Caps - yakawanda mashizha ematokari anowanzova nemari yepamusoro inopfuura mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora. Mimwe mienzaniso inogona kuva General Motors, Microsoft, uye Coca-Cola. Makuru akavhara mashomanana haatombovi nengozi kudarika pakati pe-cap and small-cap stocks, izvo zvinorevawo kuti vanowanzoita kuti zviduku zvidzoke (zvishoma ngozi = zvishoma kudzoka). Kukosha kwemahombekombe makuru akafukidzirwa anocherechedzwa nehurukuro mbiri mbiri, Dow Jones Industrial Average uye Standard & Poor's 500.
- Mid Mid Cap Stocks- mid-cap zvisitima zvinowanzova nemari yepamusoro pakati peyero imwe neyishanu mabhiriyoni emadhora. Nzvimbo dzemakambani mumuganhu wemusika inopa vatengesi mukana wekuisa mari mumakambani akawanda anowirirana kupfuura nguva yavo duku, asi haasi yakakura sehomwe huru dzehomwe. S & P 400-Mid Cap Equity Index ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekutevera mukati memakutu ematokari uye inopa nhamba yakakosha-nhamba yezvikwata mazana mana.
- Small Cap Stocks- zviduku- zvitsotsi zvinowanzove zvinyorwa zviduku, zvinokurudzirwa zvine mari yepamusoro kusvika kusvika kune rimwe bhiriyoni remadhora. Zviduku zviduku zviduku zvinozivikanwa nokuda kweboka riskiest yematokari, asiwo kupa hukuru hwekudzoka. Iko kune zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zvinotarisa aya mashizha. Imwe ndeyeRussell 2000 , iyo inotevedzera zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri zvezvikwata izvo zvinongomiririra 11 muzana ye US total market capital. Imwe nyanzvi shoma shoma inonzi NASDAQ inonyanyozivikanwa (National Association of Concession Conalers Automated Quotations Composite), iyo inowirirwa nhamba inoenzanisa kushanda kwekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero.
5. Geographic Diversification
Geographic diversification inobatanidza nekukudziridza mapurisati ane zvigadzirwa zvepasi rose uye zveAmerica. Zvekare zvinotiratidza kuti zvikwata zvemuzinda wepasi rose uye zvepfuma zvakave zvishoma nezvishoma zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu kune avo vanongotengeswa chete mune rimwe kana rimwe. Zvisinei, zvinotora mutengesi anokonzerwa kuti ave nehutano nekutsvaga mari mumatokari emarudzi ose.
6. Kutengeswa Kwemaitiro Kutengesa
Nzira yekutsvaga mari yekutsvaga inzira ndiyo nzira iyo iwe, semumwe wevatengesi, unotarisira chikwereti chako. Inyanzvi yekutsvaga mari inofanirwa kutamira mukati uye kunze kwekunakidzwa mumusika, neine imwe yemaitiro inoparadzanisa imwe pane dzimwe nguva nguva. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kusarudza imwe chimiro chinogona kunge chiri ngozi. Pasi pekutsvaga mhedziso shomanana yemitatu mikuru yekuisa mari:
- Kukosha - iyi nzira inotsvaka makambani anoita seasina kukoshesa nemusika wekozvino
- Kukura - iyi nzira inoedza kutsvaga makambani anogona kukura nokukurumidza kupfuura pamusika
- Kutarisa-iyi nzira ndeyokusatenderera, uye inowanzoedza kuverengera rondedzero yemusika
Yeuka, kuparadzanisa inzira inokosha yekuderedza njodzi, asi kudarika kukuru kunogona kuwedzera uye kunodhura. Iva nechokwadi chekuita zvose zvekuita kumba uye nguva dzose taurirana nemudzidzisi wezvemari anotendeseka usati waita chero sarudzo huru.
Kuzivisa: Iyi ruzivo rwakapiwa kwamuri senyanzvi yekutsvaga zvinyorwa chete. Inenge ichitaurirwa pasina kufunga nezvezvinangwa zvekutsvaga, kushivirira kwekuisa mungozi kana mamiriro emari yemumwe muzvinabhizimisi chaiyo uye ingave isina kukodzera kune varairi vese. Basa rekare harisi kuratidza migumisiro yemangwana. Kuisa mari kunosanganisira njodzi dzinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwatinoitwa mukuru. Iyi ruzivo haruna kuitirwa, uye haufaniri kuita, inoumba chikonzero chikuru chekusarudza kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga iwe waungaita. Nguva dzose bvunzurudza iwe pachako wepamutemo, mutero kana wekurima wekutsvaga wekutsvaga wekutsvaga kwekutsvaga iwe usati waita chero upi zvake wekutsvaga / mutero / nzvimbo / fungiro yekugadzira mari kana zvisarudzo