Izwi rokuti "jecha rinoputika" (kana, "frac sand") rinoreva jecha uye zvimwe zviduku zviduku zvinoshandiswa panguva yekuita hydraulic fracturing, nzira yekubvisa pasi pasi gasi yemafuta kubva ku shale gas formations. Fracking jecha i "proppant." Anonyanya kushandiswa chinhu chinoshandiswa ku "chengetedza" chikazarura kuputika kwepasi pasi umo gasi rechisiki rinotanhwa panguva yekuputika. Aya magasi anosanganisira petroleum mvura yakadai samafuta, gasi chaiwo, uye gasi chaiwo mvura inobva pamatombo (ayo asina nzvimbo yakakwana yepore inobvumira mvura kuti iyerere kune tsime).
Zvipfeko zvinoputika (pasi pekumanikidzirwa) mumhepo yakazara shale, pamwe chete nemvura yakawandisa nemafuta emagetsi. Izvi zvinokurudzira kubudisa gesi.
Chii chiri Fracking Sand Yakagadzirwa?
Zvipembenene zvinowanzoita zvinosanganisira chaiyo masikati machena (akadai sejecha kubva kune yakakwirira yeganda re quartz ine yakasimba chaizvo uye yakazara zvakasara zviyo). Mazhinji emvura inoshandiswa inoshandiswa inobva kune zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakagadzirwa kubva kune-purity sandstone. Iro jecha rinopfuurira nenzira yekushanda yakashongedzwa ne resin (inonzi resin-enhanced sand), ceramic crystals, kana zvimwe zvakakodzera. Chimwe chigadzirwa kune sandstone chidiki chiduku checamamiki chinoitwa kubva ku-sintered bauxite kana zviduku zvesimbi zvakagadzirirwa kubva kune aluminium. Mazhinji embeu, kana mashizha, ejecha risina kukwana iri pakati pe 0,1 millimita uye 2 mamita yakafara.
Ko Frac Sand Inoshandiswa Sei?
Mamwe maumbirwo e-subsurface rock akadai searle organic ane huwandu hwemafuta, gasi chaiwo, kana gasi chaiyo mvura inenge isingazununguswi pachena kune tsime.
Hazvizoperi nokuti dombo rinenge risina kukwana (kureva, pore nzvimbo yakabatana) kana nzvimbo dzepore mudombo dzakawanda, idzi mvura inogona kusingapfuuri mukati mavo.
Hydraulic fracturing inogadzirisa dambudziko iri nekuita kuputika mudombo. Izvi zvinoitwa nekukanda tsime mudombo, kuisa chisimbiso chikamu chesime munzvimbo yepa petroleum-bearing bearing, nekuputira mvura pasi pekumanikidzika kusvika muchikamu icho chesime.
Mvura iyi inowanzobatwa nemakemikari uye thickeners zvakadai sed guar gum kugadzira gelfecc gel. Iri gel rinobatsira kukwanisa kwemvura kutakura zviyo zvevhu rakasimwa pakusimiswa.
Kwakawanda Fracking Sand Yakashandiswa Here?
Makambani emakambani anofungidzira kuti gorosi rimwe nerimwe rinoda zvakanaka rinoda mamiriyoni mashanu emadhora ejecha kana kuti mamwe maitiro e hydraulic fracturing process. Nhamba yehupenzi inogona kuenzana kubva pasi kusvika pasi pemamiriyoni maviri emamiriyoni kusvika pamamiriyoni manomwe mapaundi, zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye zvigadziro zvekugadzirisa shale. Anofungidzirwa mapeundi makumi mapfumbamwe mabhiriyoni ejecha rekucheka uye zveramikisi zvakafungidzirwa kuti inoputirwa pasi muU.S. muna 2014 chete, kunyange zvazvo kudiwa kunoramba kuchikwira (uye kuwira) mukuenderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemagesi dzinokwira nekuwa.
Kuwedzera kwakangoerekana kwakakosha kune jecha rakakosha kwave kuri chinhu chakanaka kumakambani iye zvino arigadzira. Uye vaongorori vepurogiramu vanoda kuti vaende zvakanyanya.
Chii Chiri Nhengo-Migumisiro yeFracking Sand?
Maererano nehutungamiri hwehurumende, kusvikidzika kwepamusoro kwechikwata chakanakisa chetartz kunogona kutungamirira kune silicosis uye mamwe matambudziko okufema kuvashandi. Imwe michina inobvongodza inobvuma matambudziko, asi mitemo iriko iripo pamusoro pekutsvaga mazamu yakanyorwa uye haina kufungidzira kufambira mberi kwekambani yekutsvaga.
Ichi chinhu chinofanira kuongororwa sezvo kudikanwa kwemafuta kunowedzera uye makambani eoli anowedzera kuedza kwavo kuchengetedza gasi chaiyo kuburikidza nekugadzirisa.