Chii Chinonzi Market Market? Rinoratidzei?
Iwe unonzwa mazwi aya akadzingirwa kumativi ose, uye iwe unoziva kuti mazwi aya haasati aine chokuita nekutengesa. Asi iwe hauzive kuti chii chemashoko aya anoreva. Chii icho?
Heino chikwata chekutsvaga kwemazwi ekugumira.
Market Index
I S & P 500, NASDAQ, Dow Jones, Russell, uye Wilshire vose mienzaniso ye "maranho index." Nhamba inopa mhedziso yemusika wose nekutsvaga zvimwe zvepamusoro pamatengesi aya.
Iyo inoedza kupa mumiririri wezvinyorwa zvinoratidza zvinotungamirirwa nemusika wose.
Indekisi hazvirevi kutengesa imwe nhumbi imwe chete. Dzimwe nheyo dzinoedza kumirira makambani maduku, mapeji, uye makuru, asi dzimwe nhamba dzinomirira makambani makuru pane ose.
Mamwe mazita anowanzocherechedza makambani mukati memamwe mativi, sa teknolojia, asi dzimwe nhamba dzakawanda.
Kufara nhanho: Mutori wenhau Charles Dow akasika runyora rwekutanga makore anopfuura zana apfuura. Muna 1896, Dow akaenzanisa nhamba yematengo epamusoro 12 makambani anotengeswa nevanhu. (Akawedzera matengo ematengo pamwe chete uye akaparadzanisa nhamba yese yezvikwata.)
Nokuita izvi, akawana kuti aigona kutarisa kufamba kwemahombekiti ose, kusanganisira maitiro (akawandisa) kufamba kwemasitima asina kuiswa mune mari yekuverenga .
Saka chii chinonyanyozivikanwa pamakero?
I S & P 500
Iyi nhamba inotora makambani mazana mashanu eUnited States munzvimbo dzakawanda dzezvikwata uye makambani.
Matanda muS & P 500 anomiririra makumi manomwe kubva muzana ematokari ose anotengeswa pachena. "S & P" inomirira "Maitiro uye Varombo," zita rekutsvakurudza misika.
Makambani anokwanisa kuverengerwa mune zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Mamwe emakambani makuru pane S & P 500 ariwo muDow Jones Industrial Average.
Dow Jones Industrial Average
Zita zita raCharles Dow, iyo nhamba inotarisa makambani makumi matatu eAmerica makuru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inomiririra "makambani makuru," iyo inyanzvi inoreva "makambani makuru kwazvo" saJohnson & Johnson, McDonald's, uye Coca-Cola.
Kunyange zvazvo makambani ari mukati meDow Jones anomiririra anenge 25 muzana yematokari ose, DJIA inobvumwa kakawanda senzira inotungamirira yehutano hutsika.
The Wilshire 5000
Iyi nhamba inomiririra kumakambani mashanu ehupi ose maumbirwo uye mashoma, kubva kune gigantic corporations kusvika kumaduku maduku emakambani maduku. (Muzvigadzirwa-terminology, aya anozivikanwa se " kapu huru ," "pakati peki" ne "duku-cap".)
Wilshire 5000 inowanzonzi " yose yemakisi index ." Pasinei nokuti iyo inomiririra iyo index, inoshamisa haina kufanana neyakakurumbira kana yakatevedzwa se DJIA uye S & P 500.
The Russell 2000
Dow Jones inotarisa kumakambani makuru, asi Russell 2000 anoita zvinopesana: iyo inongotevera chete makambani maduku . Nhamba iyi inotevera 2 000 yevaduku vaduku mumusika wekutengesa.
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti makambani 2 000 haana kunyanya kukura kwekuenzanisa, uye iwe uri kutsvaga chinyorwa chikuru, chinomiririra chekuti makambani maduku maduku ari kufamba sei, unogonawo kutarisa nhamba yehanzvadzi yake, Russell 3000.
The NASDAQ
Ndakaponesa iyi yekupedzisira nekuti inogona kuve yakanyonganisa. "Nasdaq" inoreva kureva mbiri uye kushandiswa kwekutengeserana. Rega ndidzoke zvishoma uye ndikupe imwe nzvimbo:
Kune misika apo vanhu vanoenda kunotenga mashizha. Iyi yemusika inonzi "shanduko." Nyaya yakakurumbira ndeyeNew York Stock Exchange. Pane imwe yakakurumbira inonzi Nasdaq Exchange.
Nheyo dzinotengeswa paNasdaq Exchange inowanzove michizinesi makambani, seApple neGoogle. Zvechokwadi, makambani ari kuNasdaq haafaniri kunge akaenzana neaya mafananidzo maviri. Makambani maduku akaita saAngie's List (iyo webhusaiti inopa mazano peer-to-peer emakambani ekugadzira pamba) uye 1-800-Maruva anonyorwawo pane Nasdaq Exchange.
I Nasdaq inoshandisawo mamwe makambani ekubhangi, makambani ekutsigira ndege seMweya Airlines, uye kunyange mabhizimisi mashomanana asina tsika seStubucks nekambani yebhokisi Steve Madden.
Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana mutemo wekukanda mumatombo unoti makambani makuru-tech chete anotengesa kuNasdaq Exchange. I Nasdaq inowanzotarisa kubata makambani akawanda emagetsi.
I Nasdaq market index, iyo inozivikanwa se "Nasdaq Composite," inoona makambani anenge 3 000 anotengesa kuNasdaq Exchange. Izvi hazvishamisi nokuti hapana imwe shanduko ine runyararo rwayo yakakurumbira. Nhau dzeusiku hadziverengi zvinyorwa kubva ku "New York Stock Exchange Composite."
Nhamba yeNasdaq yakakurumbira nokuti inowanzogamuchirwa sechirwere chechidimbu chekuti tech-sector uye makambani matsva - ose makuru uye maduku - ari kufambira mberi.