Zvinotarisirwa nevashambadziri pamusoro pekutsvaga muIn Index Funds
Mhinduro dzezvaunoda kuzive (uye mibvunzo yausina kufunga kuti inokumbira) pamusoro pekutsvaga mari nehuwandu yemari yose iri pano. Kudzokorora mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa pamusoro pekutsvaga kwekutsvaga mazano kunogona kubatsira vose vanotanga uye vanoziva nezvekutengesa vanonzwisisa zvidzidzo pamusoro pehuwandu hwemari uyewo kuti vangadzidza sei zvinhu zvitsva kuti vawedzere kubudirira kubudirira.
Index Kuisa FAQs uye Resources
Nokuda kwekutora kwako uye nekuwedzerwa kureva, mubvunzo umwe neumwe une hyperlink kune ruzivo rwakawedzerwa nekuwedzera zvakanzwisiswa nekuwedzera kunzwisisa kumhinduro kumubvunzo. Kana iwe uchida kuverenga zvakanyanya, taura chete pamusoro pemubvunzo uye chenganisa hukama !
Chii Chinonzi Index uye Ndezvipi Mienzaniso?
Mutsara, pamusoro pekutsvaga mari, inowanikwa shanduro yezvivimbiso zvinosanganisira kuratidzira chikamu chinotsanangurwa chemusika. Semuenzaniso, S & P 500 Index ndiyo shanduro yemakero mazana mashanu emakero makuru. Nhamba yacho pachayo haisi yekushambadzira; nhamba (kana mavara) inoshandiswa kushandiswa seanotsanangurwa kana zviratidzo zvekucherechedza chikamu chakati chemusika. Vashandi vemari uye mamenenja emapuritori vanogona kufananidza nekushanda kwezvikwata zvavo zvekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kurwisana nehurukuro, vane tarisiro yekudarika iyo index.
Makambani akawanda ehurumende yezvemari inoita mari yekufananidzira kutevedzera kushanda kwerimwe rondedzero.
Mienzaniso yezvimwe zvikamu zvinosanganisira Wilshire 5000 uye Russell 3000 , zvose zviri zviviri zvakanzi mazita emakosheni emabhizimisi emashamba, Russell Russell , iyo inomiririra zviduku zviduku, The Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index , iyo inoshambadzirana yekodzero yemakethe, uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana eMSCI Indices , iyo inomiririra zvikwata zvepasi rose.
Chii Chinonzi Dow Jones uye Vanoti Vashandi Vanoshandisa Sei Iyo?
Dow Jones Industrial Average is index inomiririra kushambadzira kwemari yekambani yemakambani makumi matatu makuru kubva kumakambani akasiyana-siyana muUnited States. Anonzi Charles Dow naEdwin Jones, nzvimbo yakakurumbira yemabhiza inonziwo Dow Jones, Dow 30 kana kuti inowanzonzi "Dow." Zvichida nekuda kwezita rayo rinozivikanwa, manheru emashoko ezvinyorwa uye zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya kubudisa zvinyorwa zvinogona kupa zvinyorwa, zvakadai se "Dow Hits Record Highs" uye vatengi vemashoko vachaziva kuti zvinorevei. Zvisinei, Dow inonyanya kutaurwa. Kunyange zvazvo vashandi vakawanda vane pfungwa dzakasimba vanogona kuremekedza mafungiro ezvepfungwa "musoro" wehutano, kushandiswa kweDow semotokari yekutsvaga hakuwanzoshandurwi nekuda kwekutsvaga kwayo kuduku kune zviduku zviduku.
Sei Izvo Zvokushandisa Mari Zvichitora Nheyo-Dzakatarirwa Mari?
Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu inogona kupindurwa nemibvunzo shomanana yekutevera: Kana munhu wose achida kurova index, wadii kungoisa mari muhomwe yekutsvaga? Zvinogona kuva kuchenjera here kutamba 'kusarasikirwa' kumusika pane kutamba kukunda nekuwedzera mukana wokurasikirwa? Pane zvikonzero zvizhinji zvakananga zvekutsvaga muhomwe yemari. Chimwe chikonzero chikuru chekutsvaga mari muhurukuro yemari ndeyekuti haisi kunyatsotarisirwa , izvo zvinoreva kuti mutungamiri wezvikwata haasi kuedza kushingaira pamusika kana chero chikamu chipi zvacho chemusika; ivo chete vanotsvaka kuenzanisa nhandare yekuita (kana kuuya pedyo nekuenzanisa iyo mushure mezvikwereti).
Izvi zvisiri izvo zvinokonzera zvimwe zvikonzero kana zvikwereti zvekutsinhanisa mune zvinyorwa zvemari, zvakadai sekudhura kwemajairo emadhora uye kushandiswa kwemitero . Nemhaka yezvibatsiro izvi, uye pamusoro penguva yakareba kwenguva, yakadai semakore gumi kana kupfuura, kuratidza mari inowanzowedzera huwandu hwemari yakachengetedzwa.
Ndeipi Iyo Yakanakisisa S & P 500 Index Fund?
Nhepfenyuro yemari inogona kuva sarudzo dzakachenjera kune vashandi vakawanda uye mari yakawanda kwazvo inoshandiswa mari yekuenzanisa ndeye iyo inopindura S & P 500 Index . Asi ndeipi dzakanakisisa? S & P 500 mari inowanzofanana nekuti ivo vose vanoita mari inenge mazana mashanu emakambani makuru eUnited States, akayerwa nemari yemari. Nokudaro iyo yakanakisisa S & P 500 index index, yakadai seVanguard 500 Index (VFINX), Fidelity Spartan 500 Index (FUSEX) uye Schwab S & P 500 Index (SWPPX), ndevaya vane mari yakaderera zvikuru.
Chii Chinonzi 'Total Stock Market Index' Mari uye Ndeipi Iyo Yakanakisisa?
Nhamba dzinotaurwa kuti dzinotora misika yose yemabhizimisi dzinosanganisira Wilshire 5000 Index uye The Russell 3000 Index , iyo inomiririra inosvika 5000 ne3000 US stocks. Nhepfenyuro dzemari dzinoita basa rakanaka rekudzokorora nhamba idzi, nepo kuchengetedza mari inokosha inowanikwa pasi, inosanganisira Vanguard Total Stock Market Index (VTSMX), Schwab Total Stock Market Index (SWTSX) uye iShares Russell 3000 Index (IWV), iyo iri Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) .
Izvo Zvakanakisisa: A Total Stock Market Index Fund kana S & P 500 Index Fund?
Zvose zvikwereti zvemari yemari inoshandiswa kudzokorora nhamba idzi inopa vashandi zvakanyanya kufanirwa kuhomwe huru-mashizha, pakati pe-cap stock uye zviduku zviduku. Zvisinei, vatengesi haafaniri kufunga kuti kukura kuri nani pane zvakasiyana-siyana. Nemhaka yokuti iyi yose yemari yemari yekutengeserana mari inotengeswa pamusika, izvo zvinoreva kuti mahombekombe makuru akawandisa akawanda anowanikwa, iyo inoshandiswa yakafanana (ona R-squared ) kune S & P 500 index. Mune mamwe mazwi, muteresi anogona kunge ari nani kushandisa imwe yepamusoro yeS & P 500 Index Fund uye ozovaka pamusoro pechinhu ichi pamwe nevezvikwata zvezvikwata zvechokwadi "chikwata" chemahombekiti ekumiridzira.
Chii Chinonzi Exchange Exchange Fund (ETF)?
An Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) yakafanana nehurukuro mutual fund mune kuti inotakura bhasika rezvivigiso zvichatsvaga kudzokorora rondedzero chaiyo. Chinosiyana chikuru ndechekuti ETFs inoshandiswa sezvikwama, zvinoreva kuti mutengo wavo uchachinja zuva rose, asi mutengo wekugadzirisa chete kushandiswa pakupera kwezuva paNet Asset Value .
Kune vashandi vekutsvaga, nhengo yemari inowanikwa yakafanana (kana kuti iri nani kupfuura) ETFs nokuti izvo zvinokosha zvinowanikwa (kureva kudhura mari, kusanganisa, mararamiro akawandisa, uye nyore) zvakafanana nezvose. Vamwe vatengesi vanoshandisa ETFs kuti vawedzere kushanduka pakufamba kwekukwereka kwemusika asi kuwedzera kwekutengesa kuchawedzerawo mari yekutengesa .
Chii Chinonyatsokwana Market Hypothesis (EMH)?
Nhamba yakawanda yevarimi vatengesi vanotsigira eEfficicient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti iyo yose inonyatsozivikanwa pamusoro pezvikwereti zvekutsinhanisa, zvakadai sematokari, inenge yakagadziridzwa mumitengo yevimbiso iyoyo uye, naizvozvo, hapana kuverenga kunogona kupa mubhadhari kune vamwe vatengesi. Zvimwe chete, mari yekuenzanisira inogona kuonekwa se "kana iwe usingakwanisi kurova 'em, shandisa' em" sarudzo yekutsvaga.
Dzimwe nhepfenyuro yevatengesi vangave isingabatsiri izvo zvinoreva EMH, asi havasati vatenda nguva yakawedzerwa uye zvigadziro zvinotarisirwa kuti zvibudirire nematokisi, zvisungo, uye / kana mari yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete inokodzera kuwedzera kuedza. Nokudaro, huwandu hwevatapi venhau hunoti havatendi muganhu kune vamwe vatengesi zvinogoneka kana, kufunga kuti misika inogona kurohwa neunyanzvi, muongorori wekutsvaga mari haadi hake kuita tsvakurudzo inoda kudiwa kuti inoparidzire mazita makuru emisika. "Kuenda nekuyerera" kwemisika kunogona kuva nyore uye kunobatsira kupfuura kupikisana nayo.
Ndingaita Sei Kuti Ndive Nemahofisi Ne Index Funds?
Mushure mekunge mazadzisa matanho ekutanga ekugadzirisa kusavhiringidza kwengozi nekugadzirisa zvakakodzera kugoverwa kwezvinhu , unogona kutanga kuvaka pikorodho. Chimwe chikamu chehurumende chinowanikwa pamwe chete chinonzi Core uye Satellite , apo murimi wekusarudza achasarudza kubata kwekutanga uye kuvaka kumativi ose nemamwe mari (satellites). Nhengo yakakosha yekubatisa ihombe-huru yekodhi yemuenzaniso, yakadai seimwe yepamusoro yeS & P 500 Index Funds , pamwe nema satellite ane mamwe emhando yemari inomirira zvakasiyana mutual fund categori uye / kana mari yemunyika . Iwe unogona kushandisa zvose mari yekunyorera kana kusanganiswa kwekanyorwa uye mari yakarongeka zvakashandiswa. Cherechedza: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, S & P 500 index index ingangove yakanakisisa yepfungwa.
Ndingashandisa sei Index Funds yekutsvaga mari mumakero?
Makirasi Makabhanga anotarisa pane imwe shizimusi, chinangwa chehutano kana hutano hwakadai sehutano, dzimba kana teknolojia. Chinangwa chavo chekutsinhanisa ndechokupa hukuru hwekutsvaga kune mamwe mapoka emabhizimisi, anoshevedzwa. Vashandi havadi mari yezvikamu zvekuita zvakasiyana-siyana asi vanogona kubatsira kuderedza dambudziko uye kuwedzera zvikwereti kana zvichishandiswa zvakanaka.
Muzvinhu zvakasikwa zvemazuva ano zveongorori mari uye ETFs, mutengesi anogona kuwana kuderera kwakaderera kune inenge ipi zvayo yebhizimusi uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kufungidzirwa. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kutenga zvikamu zvehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano hunofukidza huwandu hwehutano hwehutano, unogona kutenga zvikamu zveT. Rowe Price Health Sciences (PRHSX) kana, kana iwe uchida kuisa mune dzimwe nyika, nyika yeIndia, unogona kutenga zvikamu zve ETF, S & P India Nifty 50 Index (INDY).
Zvisinei, vatengesi vanofanira kuchenjerera nemari yezvikamu nekuti kune kuwedzerwa kwematengesi emusana nekuda kwekusagadzikana kana chikamu chikaderera. Kunyanya-kutarisana kune imwe sangano, somuenzaniso, inzira yekutengesa nguva iyo inogona kuratidza kukuvadza kune chikwereti chemarikiti kana rutivi rwunoita zvisina kunaka. Nenzira yakawanda, kushandiswa kwakanaka kwemasangano ndekuwedzera mamwe matatu kana mana akasiyana pane imwe nzvimbo, uye imwe neimwe ine kuwirirana kwepakati penhamba, iyo inomiririra inenge 5% yepodfolio.
Unogona here kutenga muchengeti achishandisa kuongorora kwekusimudzira kusarudza Index Funds?
Dzimwe nhamba dzinotarisa, dzakadai seAlfa (iyo inobatsira kuratidza kuti gwaro rinotarisirwa sei nemutariri rinowedzera kukosha), harinyatsoshanda pakero yemari nokuti inotarisirwa zvisingatauriki. Zvimwe zviyero zvakadai saR -squared (R2) , zvisinei, zvinogona kubatsira. R2 inhamba yepamusoro iyo vatengesi vanogona kushandisa kusarudza kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kwekutsinhanisa ne (kufanana ne) zvakaratidzwa. Nhamba yezvinyorwa ndeye rondedzero, yakadai saS & P 500, iyo inopiwa kukosha kwezana 100. Rimwe chikwereti che R-squared chinogona kufungidzirwa seenzanidzo inoratidza kuti yakafanana sei nehomwe mari inoita kune index.
Kana semuenzaniso, mari yeR-squared ndeye 97, zvinoreva kuti 97% yemafambisirwo emari (ups and downs in performance) zvinotsanangurwa nekufamba mumutsara. R-squared inogona kubatsira vatyairi pakusarudza mari yakanakisisa nekugadzira kuparadzanisa kwemahofisi avo emari. Semuenzaniso, mutyairi anototora S & P 500 Index fund achange aida kuva nechokwadi chekuti mamwe mari yavanowedzera pamapatotipu awo haana kufanana. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakasiyana-siyana. Fungidzira kana iwe waive nemari 5 yemari mumapatoti ako uye iwe usingazivi kuti vose vakanga vakafanana zvokuti vaizoita zvakangofanana. Izvi hazvizove zvakagamuchirwa zvakajeka kana mari yako yose yakaderera mukukosha pamwe nemusika. Kuti udzivise izvi, unogona kutarisa kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti R-squared yakanyanya kuderera kupfuura 100%.
Can Index Funds Inobatsira kuchengetedza Mitero?
Nhepfenyuro yemari inonzi iine "mutero usingabhadhari," izvo zvinoreva kuti, kana yakachengetwa mubhadhareti yekodha (chimwe chinhu kunze kwekodha yakaremberedzwa, yakadai seIRA kana 401 (k)), mari yekuenzanisira inowanzoita zvishoma mumari inowana kupararira pane mari inogadzirirwa-inogadzirirwa. Indekisi yemari inoshandiswa nehotera shoma , iyo inoreva chiyero chekuti mabhizimusi atengwa uye akatengeswa ane mari yakawandisa mune mari yekuenzanisira mukuenzanisa nemari yakachengetedzwa. Kushandisa nhepfenyuro yemari mumabhadhareti ezvekodha kunogona kutaridzirwa chimwe chinhu chinonzi nzvimbo yeasset - kusarudza iyo yakanakisisa yerudzi rwekutsvaga (nzvimbo) yehuwandu mari. Mutengo wemari unoita kuti pave nemiganhu yakawanda uye inowanikwa muzvikwereti zvinonyanyochengetwa mumabhengi emitero, zvakadai seIRAs, 401 (k) uye mamwe annuities. Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) inogonawo kuva sarudzo dzakachenjera pakugadzirisa mutero.
Ndeapi mamwe mawebsite akanaka ekutsvakurudza Index Index?
Kana ukaronga kushandisa mari yekuenzanisira chete, unogona kuenda kune imwe yekambani dzakanakisa mutual fund kuti uwane mari yekuenzanisira, yakadai seVanguard kana iwe ungaita zvimwe zvinotsvakurudza uye kuongorora pane imwe nzvimbo, yakadai seMatota Iyi tsvakurudzo dzinotsvaga kusimbisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvawaona mu index index kuisa FAQ. Sechiyeuchidzo, tsvaga mari yekuenzanisa nemari yepamusoro yebhadharo, chiyero chechibhadharo chakaderera, nhamba yakakodzera yekuchengetedza , kutsika kwebhadharo yekodzero uye chikamu chemari . Uye kana ukasarudza kuwedzera mamwe mari, iwe unoda kuva nechokwadi chokuti R-squared haisi pedo zvikuru ne100 (iyo yakaderera nhamba, iyo yakaderedza kuwirirana kune index uye saka inowedzera kusiyanisa).
Nezvemari haigone kupa mutero, utsvaga, kana mari yemari uye mazano. Mashoko aya ari kuendeswa asina kufunga nezvezvinangwa zvekutsvaga, kubvumira kusangana nematambudziko kana mamiriro emari yemumwe muzvinabhizimisi chaiyo uye angave asina kukodzera kune varairi vese. Basa rekare harisi kuratidza migumisiro yemangwana. Kuisa mari kunosanganisira njodzi dzinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwatinoitwa mukuru.