Chinangwa chedu apa, pane peji ino, ndechekukupai muongorori wemutero wenyika muno muUnited States.
Saka ngatitangei nedzimwe pfungwa dzinokosha, tora nzvimbo yakatarwa yevhu, uye wozochera kune mamwe mazano ekutarira.
Ndiani anonzi Tax Resident? Vagari, Green Card Holders uye Ressident Aliens vanoona Chirongwa Chekuda Kwakawanda.
Kuti munhu aonekwe kuti anogara kuUnited States nokuda kwezvinokonzerwa nemitero, munhu anoda kuva mugari weUnited States kana mutemo usingagumi anogaramo (kureva, green card holder), kana kusangana nehuwandu hwekuvapo kwekuedzwa.
Saka ngatidzokerei kwechipiri tifunge kuti zvinorevei izvi. Saka ngatiti une green card. Iwe uri muAmerica anogara pamutero - kunyange iwe unongogara pano chikamu chegore.
Kuva wekugara nekuda kwekuteresa hazvirevi kuti iwe unorarama pano nguva yakazara. Chero bedzi uine kadhi rakasvibirira, somuenzaniso, iwe une mhosva yekupa uye kubhadhara mutero pamari yako yose yenyika.
US Vagari Vokubhadhara Mutero Pamutengo Wavo Munyika Yose
IUnited States ndeimwe yenyika shomanana iyo inotora mitero vagari vayo uye vagari venyika pamari yavo yenyika yose. Saka mikana iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe zvinhu zvakashanda munyika yako yekuzvarwa.
Kana iwe uri kuunza mari yekudzokera kumba - taura mari yekubhadhara, kana mari kubva muzvikwereti, kana chido chekuchengetedza - unofanirwa kuudza iyo mari mubhadharo yako yeUnited States.
Cherechedza: izvi zvinongoshanda kune vanhu vanogara muUnited States. Kana iwe uchikodzera seusati uri mutariri, iwe unobhadhara mutero weUnited States chete pamari yako yeUnited States.
Nhoroondo ye US Federal Income Tax System
Pano muUnited States, tinobhadhara mitero yemari kune mamwe maitiro ehurumende. Tinobhadhara mari yemutero wehurumende kuhurumende yeUnited States. Imwe mitero yemutero inoshandiswa neInternal Revenue Service (IRS), iyo inoparadzaniswa neUnited States Treasury Department.
Isu tinoverenga iyo federal mubhadharo wekubhadhara nekuenzanisa mari inowanikwa mukati megore rekarenda. (Gore redu rekutere muUnited States rakangofanana negore rekarani.) Zvichida, munhu anogona kutora gore remari kunze kwegore rekarenda.) Tinobhadharawo mutero wemutero kune nyika (kana kuti inotaura) kwatinogara kana kuti kwatinogara akawana mari mukati megore. Vazhinji vehurumende vanobhadhara mutero wemari, kunyange zvazvo kune humwe hurumende dzisina .
Isuwo tinoyera mamwe marudzi emari. Imwe mari inogona kuderedzwa pamusoro pemari, zvichiita kuti pave nemari yakaderera mari inotora mutero. Zvimwe zvikwereti zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira chikwereti chemutero, icho chinowedzera kuderedza mutero. Saka, zvinyorwa, tinogona kufunga nezvema federal mubhadharo wemutero semasvomhu. Kunyanya kuderedza, zvinoratidzika seizvi:
Zvose zvinowanikwa mari inowanikwa mari = inowanikwa mari
Mari inotengesa mitero inowedzera nemitero inobhadharwa mutero = iyo inotora mutero wemari
Mutero webato rehurumende unoderedza mutero wekubhadhara = mutengo wekubhadhara mutero
Net tax federal tax, pamwe chete nepamusoro pekubhadhara mari yese = mutero wenyika yose.
Vanhu vanozvinyatsoongorora mari yavo yekubhadhara mari yepamusoro (uye nyika neyemunharaunda yemitero). Izvi zvinoitwa nekugadzirira kudzoka kwemitero, iyo iwe unogona kuzviita iwe kana kuti kuhaya chiremba kuti akuitire iwe.
Izvo zvatinoita ndezvigadzirira Fomu 1040. Fomu 1040 inopfupikisa peji maviri. Izvi zvinogona kubhadharwa nenhamba ipi zvese yekutsigira sarudzo uye mafomu kuudza mhando dzakasiyana dzemari, mari inobviswa kana zvikwereti. (Zvichida, 1040A uye 1040EZ mafomu mafupi kune vanhu vane mamiriro ezvinhu akawandisa emari.Vasiri vagari vatorwa, nenzira, fomu Fomu 1040NR kana 1040NR-EZ.)
Kune mazana mashoma emaguta anoisa mutero wemari. Muenzaniso unokosha ndeyeNew York City. Kune maguta muOhio anewo mitero yemari.
Social Security uye Medicare Mitero
Iye zvino kuwedzera kune mitero yemari, isu tinewo hutano hwehutano hunoti Social Security uye Medicare. Tinowanzoidza mitero yemitero. Social Security Tax inobata mari yekubhadhara uye kubatsirwa kwekuremara kunopiwa neSocial Security Administration.
Mutero Wekuchengetedzwa Kwemagariro ndeyepfigiro 12,4% pamutengo wekutanga $ 118,500 wemubairo, mubhadharo uye kuzvipira kubasa mari. Pakupedzisira, iwe unogona kubvumirwa kugamuchira rubatsiro kubva kune Social Security, kana iwe ukazosvika kumakore ekurasikirwa kana kana iwe ukave wakagadzikana. Mutero weMedare igadziriswa 2.9% pamitero yose, mibairo uye kuzvipira kubasa. Vanhu vanowana mari inopfuura $ 125,000 (kana iwe wakaroorwa) kana kupfuura $ 200,000 (kana iwe usina unyoora) ungatofanira kubhadhara imwezve 0,9% muMutaresi wemutero . Pakupedzisira, iwe unogona kuwanika kuhurumende-inotsigirwa inshuwalhu yehutano yehutano kuburikidza nepurogiramu yeMedare.
The Information Reporting System
Mitemo yemitero yeUnited States inoda kuti mhando dzakawanda dzekuwana mari dzinofanira kuziviswa nemunhu kana bhizinesi kubhadhara mari. Vashandi, somuenzaniso, vanopa vashandi vavo mari yekubhadhara nguva imwe neimwe. Uye mushure mokunge gore rapera, mushandirwi anovatumirawo Fomu W-2 , iyo inobhadhara mari yose inobhadharwa uye mitero isina kuchengetwa kwegore. Saizvozvowo, mabhandi anotaura nezvekuwana mari inowanikwa muFomu 1099-INT. Iwe unowana kopi imwe yemabhuku aya, uye IRS inowana kopi zvakare.
Matura emitero anowanzosvika ne-mail. Muzera remazuva ano rendaneti uye email, mamwe makambani anotumira mabhizimisi emitero pamagetsi kana kuti anoita kuti vawanikwe kuti vadzivirire kubva paIndaneti. Basa rako nderekuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unogamuchira matsamba ako ose emitero, zvaunoda kuti iwe ugone kugadzirira mutevedzeri wemitero.
Kubhadhara US Mitero
Vanhu vokuAmerica vanobhadhara mitero yavo yekubhadhara mari kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwekuregererwa uye kuenzanirwa mitero . Kuchengetedza zvinoreva, kungoita, kuti munhu kana bhizinesi kubhadhara mari inotanga kubhadhara imwe yemari yemutero wehurumende. Izvo zvinotsigirwa zvinotumirwa kune IRS, uye iwe unogamuchira mutevedzo wekuwana wemari. Zvisinei, kuvhiringidzika kazhinji hakusi kwakarurama. Icho chinoreva kuti mari yawakanyima kubva pane yako yaunowana pamusika inogona kuva yakakura kana yakaderera kudarika mutero waunofanirwa kubhadhara.
Nhamba yemutero ndiyo imwe nzira yekuenda nayo pamusoro pokubhadhara mitero yemari. Vanhu vanozvishanda, uye vanhu vane marudzi emari vasingatarisiri kubhadhara (zvakadai semari yezviwanikwa uye mari yekubhadhara), vadzorera mubhadharo wavo mwedzi mitatu kana kuti kana kutumira mumutengo wekufungidzirwa mutero.
Zvadaro, mushure mokunge gore rapera, tinosungira zvose zvisingabhadharwi uye inofungidzirwa kubhadhara mitero. Kana munhu akabhadhara chikwereti, IRS inovadzosa kubhadharazve mushure mokunge mutero wekudzoka uiswa uye kushandiswa. Kana munhu ane chikamu chakanaka, chikamu ichocho chinofanira kuzara muna April 15.
Kuzivisa Imari uye Nhaka kubva kune dzimwe Nyika kunze kweUnited States
Iwe unogona kuva nemari, zvivako, kana zvikwereti zvemari mune dzimwe nyika kunze kweUnited States. IUnited States mitero yevatengesi pamari yavo yenyika yose. Izvi zvinosanganisira kufarira, zvikwereti, uye hupfumi hwehurumende, uye kuwanikwa kana kurasikirwa pane zvikwereti. Saka kana iwe uine mari yaunotora kunze kweU.S., iyo mari inenge ichida kuverengwa pamusoro pekudzokera kweUnited States.
Iwe unogonawo kutaurira tsanangudzo yezvinhu zvako zvose zvemari zvakachengetwa kunze kweUnited States. Saka kana uine mabhangi ebhangi, inshuwarisi mitemo, mabhengi ekubhadharisa mari, kana kukonzerwa nemitero yakachengeterwa mari yakagara kune imwe nyika, ungada kuisa Statement ye Foreign Foreign Assets (IRS Form 8938 (FinCen Form 114), iyo yakaiswa zvakasiyana nedare rekudzoka kwako. Iyi miviri miviri inokumbira zvakawanda. Idzo pfungwa dzekuyeuka: hapana mutero kana mari inobatanidza nekuzadzisa mafomu aya, asi kune zvipingamupinyi zvakasimba zvekusasazadza. Iwe unogona kuzvidzivirira kubva kune IRS iyo inoda zvikuru kubhadhara vateresi nekuita chokwadi kuti mafomu aya anonyatsozadzwa kana zvichidiwa.
Cherechedza kuti chero hurongwa hwekuchengetedza mitero kana huripo hwemari huri munyika yako hungave husingabhadhara mutero kana mutero huri kutarirwa pano muUnited States. Mienzaniso: UK makambani ekuchengetedza mari (ISAs) uye nhoroondo dzekuchengetedza mari dzisina mutero kuCanada (TFSAs) hazvibhadhara mutero muno muUnited States. Mari inowanikwa mukati memabhuku aya inotengesa kuU.S.
Iva nehanya nezvekunze kwemari pamwe chete. Kana iwe uine zvinhu zvakagara muhomwe yekusungirirwa mari kana unit unit, izvi zvinonzi sangano rekutsvaga kune dzimwe nyika. Chinokosha ndezvekuti pane mitemo yakakosha yekuti mari iyi inowanikwa sei inotengesa. Uye iwe unoda zvinyorwa zvakanaka kuti uzadze fomu yemutero zvakanaka.
Ivai Nechizivo Mitemo Yemitero
IU.S. yakataurirana zvibvumirano zvemitero nenyika dzakawanda. Mitambo dzimwe nguva inopa kuti mamwe marudzi emari anokweretwa mune imwe nyika kana imwe, kana kuti anopa mubairo wepamusoro wemitero, kana kupa mirairo inokosha yekugadza nzvimbo yekugara. Kana iwe uine mari kana mari mune dzimwe nyika, unogona kuwana kuti mutero wemitero unopa mitemo inokosha yekutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
Usati Wabva muUnited States
Iwe unogona kudikanwa kukumbira mvumo yekufamba nechikepe kubva ku IRS usati wabva kuU.S. Izvi zvinoshanda kuvarimi vema-green, vagari vanogara kune dzimwe nyika uye vasiri vatorwa vatorwa.
Kana iwe uchibva kuUnited States zvachose uye uronga kurasa kadhi yako yeguru, iwe unogona kunge uri pasi pemutero wokubuda. Iyi ndiyo mutero chaiwo chete nokuda kwekodzero yekusiya US tax system zvachose. Iyi mutero inoshanda kune vemuUnited States uye vanhu vane kadhi ravo reruvara rwemakore masere. Saka kana uri chikwereti chekadhi, ramba uchifunga izvi:
Sarudza kana iwe usingadi kusiya kadhi rako reruvara uye uende muUnited States makore ako masere asati asvika. Nokusiya kadhi rako reruvara usati wasvika pagore rako rechitanhatu, iwe unogona kudzivisa kubhadhara mutero (iyo inonyanya kubhadhara mutero wako unokosha). Iwe uchave uchida kuzadza mabhizimisi emitero ekubuda, asi mutero pachayo haushandisi kusvikira usvika pagore rechisere rekuva nekadhi yako yeguru.
Imwe pfungwa yekuyeuka mupfungwa:
Iwe unoda kuziva kukosha kwemusika wezvinhu zvako zvose pazuva rawakava US achigara pamutero wekuteresa. Saka tinopa vadhigiri vema-green kuti vaite kuburikidza nekuedza kutora zvizere zvezvinhu zvavo uye mari inoshandiswa seyezuva iroro. Ruzivo irwo runogona kubatsira kana munhu wacho akazopedzisira asarudza kusiya kadi yavo yeguru.
US Tax System muchidimbu
- Vagari vanozviongorora purogiramu yemutero vachishandisa Fomu 1040 (kana 1040A kana 1040EZ), zvichienderana nemari inowanikwa munyika yose yakawanikwa panguva yegore remwedzi.
- Vasiri-vagari vanobhadhara mutero weUnited States chete pamutero wavo weUnited States, iyo inoratidzwa paFomu 1040NR.
- Mugore rokusvika uye gore rekuenda, iwe unogona kuva nehuwandu hwemamiriro maviri semunhu anogarako kune chikamu chegore uye seasingagari kwechikamu chegore.
- Vanhu vasiri vagari vanogona kusarudzwa kuti vabate sevanenge vagari vemo (uye vakateresa pamari yavo yenyika yose).
- Fomu 1040 mutero wekudzoka inoshandiswa ne IRS uye inokonzerwa naEpril 15 .
- Mutero wemitero unowanikwa pamubhadharo-se-iwe-kuenda zvichida kuburikidza kuburikidza nekudzivisa pamusika kana kuburikidza nemari inotarirwa kubhadhara
- Mutero weHurumende unotarirwa unotarirwa pamutengo wakabhadhara mari inoshandiswa (mushure mokubviswa kwekutenderwa uye zvikwereti)
- Mari yako inogona kunge inopfuura inotora mutero, pane imwe nguva iyo chero ipi zvayo inobhadharwa inodzorerwa kwauri mushure mokutumira mutero kudzoka.
- Mari yako inogona kunge iri pasi pemutero wemutero, pane imwe nguva iyo imwe yakasara inokonzerwa neApril 15.
- Kana uchida nguva yakawanda kuti uise, IRS ichakupa mamwe mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kuKubvumbi 15. Kumbira kuwedzerwa kwekanguva kushandisa uchishandisa Fomu 4868. (Asi kubhadhara kuripo kunokonzerwa naEpril 15.)
- Mutero wemutero weHurumende unotariswa zvakasiyana nekuisa mutero wekudzoka nehurumende kana nyika umo wawana mari uye / kana kugara kwegore.
- Kana iwe uine zvikwereti kana mari mune imwe nyika kunze kweUnited States, iwe unogona kuisa Statement ye Foreign Foreign Assets (IRS Form 8938) nekutora mutero wako uye Bhuku Rekunze Kwebhengi Nhoroondo (FinCen Form 114) ne Treasury Department.
- Usati wabva kuUnited States, unogona kuwana chibvumirano chekufamba kubva kuRRS. Izvi zvinoshanda kune vadhigiri vema-card, vatorwa vanogara uye vagari vasiri vatorwa.
- Iwe unogona kunge uchikwanisa kuwana zvipo pasi pemubatanidzwa wemitero iyo United States ine kune dzimwe nyika.
- Kana iwe uchida rubatsiro, tsvaga hurumende yeanyoreji (EA) kana kuti vimbiso yevanyori vebazi revanhu (CPA).
Mazano okugara pamusoro pemitoro yako yeUnited States
"Kune avo vatsva kuUnited States zvakakosha kuti vanzwisise kana vachida kubhadhara mari, vanofanira kukwanisa kunyora mari iyo," inopa mazano Debbie Kay, mutevedzeri wevanyori anozivikanwa muLarkspur, California. Zvinyorwa zvinoreva uchapupu hwekubhadhara, zvakadai sedisiti kana chekuregererwa cheki kana kunyange mutemo wekadhi rechikwereti.
Mukuvhara, zvinhu zvose zvaunoda kukurangarira zvakapfupiswa zvakanyatsoratidzwa naCharlie Mitchell, avo vakanyoresa muApano, Texas. Zano rake:
"Nyora zvose zvaunowana, ita zvinyorwa zvako panguva yakakodzera, ubhadhara chero mutero unokodzera iwe paunenge waisa kana kuti uite chirongwa chekubhadhara (uye wobva waita zvikwereti), svinura uye uverenge tsamba dzose yaunowana kubva ku IRS, uye, kana tsamba ikakumbira mhinduro, inopindura munguva yakakumbirwa. "