Nhepfenyuro yekunyora zvedzidzo inoti tinogona kuita zviri nani. Asi chii chatinofanira kuziva?
Nyaya iyi yakanga iri kure neyo chete inokwidza hysteria pamusoro pemamiriro ekuda mari yekuverenga.
"94% veAmerica vakakundikana iyi yemari yekuverenga," akanyora CNBC.com pakati peSeptember pamusoro pekuongororwa kweFinjini Engines. "Zviviri-Zvechitatu zveAmerica Hazvikwanise Kupfuura A Basic Basic Literacy Test. Unogona Here? "Akabvunza musoro weJune kubva kuFox News, pamusoro pemigumisiro yezvino kubva kuFINRA Foundation's Financial Literacy Survey.
Zvinyorwa zvacho zvaishungurudza kuverenga, nokuti ndinonzwa kuti mamwe emibvunzo iyi haisi kuenzanisa nekukwanisa kwedu kubata mari; asi, ivo vari kutitambudza pamagetsi edu ekutsanangura mazwi uye kugadzirisa matambudziko matambudziko. Uye ndakashamisika kana-sechikoro chesekondari chakamanikidzwa vadzidzi vekugadzirira kwekuongorora kwehurumende-ino nzira inotyisa yekuita kuti tishandise nguva yedu shoma nezvimwe zvinhu pazvinhu zvisina kunaka. Saka, ndakadana vadzidzisi vezvemari, kunyanya avo vakapomerwa zvimwe zvemashoko aya, kuti vawane. Heino zvandakadzidza.
Mupakati Pakati Pakuziva Nekuita Ndezvekutarisira
Kutanga, izvi zviyero zvekuverenga mari hazvirevi kuti uone kana iwe uri kuita zvinhu zvakanaka nemari yako.
Izvo zvinouya pasi pehurukuro yemari yemari, inotsanangura Dr. Gary Mottola, Research Director we Investor Education pa FINRA. "Kuverenga nekunyora kunonyanya kutaurwa pane zivo. Kukwanisa kunosanganisira kuponesa, kudzora chikwereti uye ruzivo rwezvemari. "(FYI: Utano hwemari, iyo masangano akafanana neCFPB ari kutevera, yakawedzerwa zvakanyanya, kuverenga nezvehutano uye zvinodzvinyirirwa.)
Nhoroondo, Mottola anoti, iyo huru mibvunzo mitatu yemari yekuverenga nezvemari FINRA inokumbira (iyo yakadzokera muna 2004, uye mhinduro dziri kumagumo enyaya ino) yakagadzirirwa kuenzana nhatu dzinokosha dzekuverenga nekuverenga:
- Iko kukwanisa kunzwisisa uye kuverenga nhamba yemari. ( Ngatiti iwe une $ 100 mubhengi rinowana 2 muzana gore, mushure memakore mashanu, ungadai uine mari yakawanda sei? A) Inopfuura $ 102, B) Pasi pema $ 102, C) Chaizvo $ 102, D) Hamuzivi )
- Iko kukwanisa kunzwisisa kutengesa kwezvinhu. ( Fungidzira kuti chiyero chekuda mari paakaita mari yako yepabheti chikamu 1 kubva pagore uye kutengesa kwezvikamu 2 muzana gore) Mushure megore rimwe mari inobhadhara mari kupfuura mabhii mazuva ano, zvakafanana kana zvishoma kudarika nhasi? ) Zvimwe B) Same C) Pasi D) Usaziva )
- Uye kukwanisa kunzwisisa njodzi. (Kutenga kamwechete kamwechete kunowanzopa kudzoka kwakachengeteka kudarika chikwama chekuchengetedza mari A) Chokwadi B) Nhema C) Hamuzivi)
Mibvunzo yokuwedzera yakawedzerwa gare gare, uye kunetseka zvinoitika kumatengo emisungo kana zvikwereti zvinowedzera; pasinei nokuti iwe unobhadhara chikwereti kana kudarika nemakore gumi nemashanu kubva kune makore makumi matatu; uye kwemakore mangani zvaizotora madhora 1 000 akweretwa pa20 muzana inofanirwa kuwedzera kaviri kana iwe usingakwanisi kubhadhara. (Unogona kutora mibvunzo yakakwana pano, kana kungoenda kumucheto wenyaya yacho kuti uone kana une mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi zvakarurama.)
Kana zvasvika pakusiyano pakati pekuziva nekuita, Mottola anoti: "Handifungi kuti iwe unogona kutaura kuti chimwe chinonyanya kukosha kupfuura chimwe." Uye nyanzvi yezvemari yekuverenga ruzivo Dr. Lewis Mandell anoti pasinei nokuti uri kuenzanisa, iyo nhamba haisi kuenda. Senguva yekuisa nguva pamazwi ake, CFPB yakabudisa matanho ekutanga ehutano hwakanaka pakupera kwaSeptember: Inopfuura 43 kubva muzana yevanhu vekuAmerica vari kutambura kuti vawane zvigaro.
Nhepfenyuro yekunyora ruzivo haigoni kuudza nyaya yose, asi zviyero zviripo zvehupfumi hazvisi zvakawanda zvinokurudzira.
Zvinokonzera Chikoro chepamusoro uye Chikoro Zvikoro
Chimwe chezvinetso izvi ndezvokuti hapana nguva yakakwana muzuva rechikoro kuti uvhare zvidzidzo izvi zvizere. Funga nezvekuti nyaya dzakadai sepasi rese nesayenzi yeAmerica yakavharwa pachikoro.
Iwe unovawana ivo pavanonyanya kukosha muchikoro chegiredhi; zvakare, kazhinji, muchikoro chepakati; uye zvakare, zvakanyanya kunyanya, muchikoro chesekondari.
"Izvo [kuswedera] hazviitike nemitemo inotungamira yekudzidza nezvemari," anodaro Mitchell Roschelle wePWC Foundation, iyo inoshanda kuvaka mari yepamusoro uye unyanzvi hwekambaniki pakati pevadzidzi. Maererano neCommunity for Economic Education's Report, "Gore ra2016 National State of Financial & Economic Education," nyika 17 chete dzinoda kuti vadzidzi vatore chikoro chesekondari mumari yavo pachavo, uye 20 chete vanoda chikoro chesekondari mune zvehupfumi.
Chimwe chinhu chinetso chekuita nguva . "Kunyange kana iwe uchikwanisa kumanikidzira vechidiki kuti vagare mune rimwe remari rechikoro, havafariri zvakawanda pavanenge vachiri vaduku," anodaro Mandell. "Mutemo weUnited States [nenzira yeCARD Act] wakatotora kadhi rechikwereti kubva kune equation kune vanhu vanopfuura 21. Saka mibvunzo haisviki pazera duku."
Funga Nezvokuda-mu-Nguva Mhinduro
Kugadzirisa nguva (uye, chaizvoizvo, nguva) yemari yemari yega yega inogona kuva chikamu chemhinduro yekuita zvidzidzo zvakanamatira. Chimwe chinhu chatinenge tichidzidza ndechekuti zvidzidzo zvinononoka kana zvichiswededzwa zvakanyanya kusvika kune zvakatengeswa, kutaura.
Asati ajoina neYunivhesiti yeGeorge Washington, kwaakagadzira Chikoro cheNyika Chekushandisa Kudzidza Kwemari, Annamaria Lusardi aiva purofesa kuDartmouth College. Aripo, akashevedzwa kuti abatsire kugadzirisa dambudziko: Vashandi vasiri vashandi vakanga vasingabatsiri kubhadharo yekubhadhara mari yechikoro. Chii chavangaita kuti vaite kuti vashandise ruzivo rwebatsiro rinokosha?
Sezvo vezvidzidzo vachida kuita, Lusardi nevamwe vaaishanda navo vakatanga nekutsvakurudza. Vaitaura nevashandi ava, vazhinji vavo vaiva vakadzi, pamusoro pokuti vakanga vasina kutora chikamu. Zvavakanzwa ndezvokuti vashandi "vakanga vasingazivi kuti vaitange," "kwaive nezviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvokutora," uye "vainyanya kufunga nezvekutarisira mhuri dzavo." Mune mamwe mazwi, dambudziko rakanga riri pamusoro pekuita kupfuura chakanga chiri chekuwana mari yekuponesa. Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vakaisa pamwe pager imwe yekurondedzera zvaifanira kuitwa, kusanganisira kuti iwe waida kugara pasi pamberi pekombiyuta, uye kuti zvakatora nguva shoma sekudzikinura mudziyo wokushambidzira. Vakaitawo mavhidhiyo mafupi evanhu vemazuva ano vachitaura pamusoro pekuti kuva muzvirongwa zvakaita sei kuti vanzwe, izvo zvaive kuti vari kuita chimwe chinhu chakanaka kumhuri dzavo. Zvadaro, vakatanga kutumira mavhidhiyo nemirayiridzo pane zvitsva zvevashandi. Nhamba yemari iri muchirongwa ichivirirwa mumwedzi. Lusardi haasi kunyanya kuzvirumbidza pamusoro pemigumisiro, achicherechedza kuti vakanga vachitanga kubva pakaderera zvikuru.
Kunyange zvakadaro, handizvo chete muenzaniso. Makore apfuura, zvakanaka pamberi peCARD Act, Wells Fargo akaedza kuedza kune imwe koroji. Vadzidzi vakatsvaga makadhi emakadhi vaipiwa zvipo zvishoma mukutsinhana kwekutora zvidzidzo zvemaminitsi makumi maviri nemashanu kubva paIndaneti nezvekugona kushandisa makadhi avo matsva. Zvadaro mufambiro wevadzidzi wakatevera. Vaya vaitora dzidzo yacho vainyanya kubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo zvakakwana, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuti vazobhadhara zvishoma kana kuti vaende pane zvavanoda.
Zvinonzwisisika kuna Roschelle. "Iwe usati wawana laisensi yekufambisa, unofanirwa kudarika kuongororwa kwakanyorwa uye kuongorora mumugwagwa," anodaro. Asi Lusardi anongwarira kuti aratidze kuti kune dzimwe nguva- kana iwe uchitenga imba , somuenzaniso, apo dzidzo inogona kuuya sezvamunoshandisa kubhadhara mari-kuti inogona kunge yakanyanyisa. "Nenguva iyo, ivo vava kuda imba vasingakwanisi uye vakatotanga kusarudza kuti ndeupi muvara wekupendwa masvingo," anodaro.
Tarisa paZvidzo zvehupenyu Pane Kuverenga
Zvichida tinoda kusanganiswa kwezvose. Asi pasinei nokuti tiri kutarisa mberi, kana kumativi ose pakona, chii chatinofanira kunge tichiisa simba redu pakudzidzisa? Ndakabvunza mubvunzo iwoyo kune imwe neimwe yenyaya yangu yenyaya iyi. Heano misoro mitatu yemazano avo akabatanidzwa:
1. Vanoda nevanotarisirwa: Ziva kusiyana uye edza kushandisa mari yako maererano nayo.
2. Mari inowedzera mari inowedzera kudarika nguva ... Uyewo mari inokweretwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, simba rekugadzirisa rinogona kushanda munofadza, uye rinopesana naro. (Ne codicil iyo kana iri pakadhi rechikwereti, uye iwe uchiripa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe, haufaniri kubhadhara chikwereti zvachose.).
3. Kunzwisisa ruzivo rwemumwe wako. Vanoita sei rubatsiro, uye chii chavanoda kubva kwamuri mukukurukurirana? Iwe uchaita zviri nani semugumisiro.
4. Dzidza nzira yokutsvakurudza chero kutenga. Kunyangwe iri inotengeswa (nemari yakasiyana-siyana), motokari, kana kuti zororo, unoziva nzira yekuenda nayo paIndaneti uye uone kana iri kushandisa mari yako zvakanaka. Mari isingashandisi mari yakachengetedzwa.
5. Mamiriro ehupenyu . (Uye kuti inogona kutarisirwa nekusiyana-siyana.)
6. Tendesa hutano hwako. Pakupedzisira, iwe unoda kupedza nguva uchichengetedza hutano hwako hwemari sezvaunoshandisa nguva uchichengetedza hutano hwako. Kana iwe usingaiti, sezvakataurwa naLusardi, zvinhu zvakanaka hazvizoitiki kwauri.
Mhinduro kune yepakutanga FINRA mibvunzo: A, C, B