Tsamba yebhizimisi Letter Credit
Iyi ndiyo tsamba yakazara yechikwereti inowanzoshandiswa mune zvekutengeserana kwenyika dzose, uye inogonawo kutumidzwa seyodhadhi yemarikiti.
Tsamba dzekwereti dzinopa kuchengetedza kune vatengi nevatengesi: bhangi rinovimbisa kubhadhara chero bedzi magwaro anogadzirwa nemutengesi (achifunga kuti magwaro aya anogadzirisa zvinodiwa mumutsamba wechikwereti).
Yakamira Letter Credit
Rudzi urwu rwemagwaro echikwereti rwakasiyana: runopa mubhadharo kana chimwe chinhu chikakundikana kuitika. Panzvimbo yekufambisa mutengesi, tsamba yakasimirirwa yechikwereti inopa mubayiro kana chimwe chinhu chichienda. Makumiro emakadhi echikwereti akafanana zvikuru nemabhii ezvokutengeserana, asi anobhadharwa apo mubhadha (kana kuti "anobatsiri") anoratidza kuti havana kuwana zvaakavimbiswa. Tsamba dzekwereti dzinogona kushandiswa kuve nechokwadi chokuti iwe uchabhadharwa, uye dzinogona kushandiswa kuve nechokwadi chokuti maitiro achaitwa achigutsa.
Yakasimbiswa (uye Haisimbiswi) Tsamba dzeKwereti
Apo tsamba yechikwereti inopupurirwa, imwe bhengi (zvichida imwechete iyo inobhadharwa nevatsigiri) inovimbisa kuti kubhadhara kuchaitwa.
Vanotengesa kunze vangasavimba nebhangi inopa tsamba yekwereti nokuda kwechengeti (nokuti mutengi haazivi nebhangi iroro, somuenzaniso, uye haazive kana chikwereti chichasvika), saka vangada kuti bhangi iri nyika yavo inotsigira tsamba. Kana bhizimusi rinobvisa risingakwanisi kubhadhara - uye mutengesi anokwanisa kuwana zvose zvinodikanwa netsamba yechikwereti - bhangi rinosimbisa richafanira kubhadhara mutengesi (uye edza kuunganidza kubva kubhengi rakabuda gare gare).
Dzokera Kumadzo Tsamba dzeKwereti
Mushure mutsamba yekare yechikwereti inobvumira vatengesi kuti vatengese vatengi nevatengesi. Tsamba mbiri dzekwereti dzinoshandiswa kuitira kuti sangano rimwe nerimwe ribhadzwe pachavo: muyananisi anobhadharwa nemutengi, uye mutengesi anobhadharwa nomubatsiri. Mutengi wokupedzisira uye mutambiri anoshandisa tsamba "tenzi" yekwereti, uye mutauri uye mutengesi anoshandisa tsamba yekwereti inobva pane tenzi.
Revolving Letters Credit
Tsamba yekukwereta yechikwereti inogona kushandiswa pakubhadhara mari yakawanda. Kana mutengi uye mutengesi anotarisira kuita bhizinesi nguva dzose, vangasarudza kuwana tsamba itsva yechikwereti kune zvese zvinotengeswa (kana kuti pane imwe nhanho mune zvakatevedzana zvekutengeserana). Rudzi urwu rwekwere rechikwereti rinobvumira mabhizimisi kushandisa tsamba imwe chete yechikwereti kune zvakawanda kutengesa kusvikira tsamba yacho yapera (kazhinji kusvika kune rimwe gore).
Sight Tsamba Yekubhadhara
Kubhadhara pasi pekuona tsamba yechikwereti kunoitika nokukurumidza apo muwani anopa mabhuku anogamuchirika kubhangi rakakodzera. Bhizinesi rine mazuva mashomanana kuti riongorore magwaro uye vimbise kuti vanoita zvinodiwa mumutsamba wechikwereti. Kana mabhuku acho achienderana, kubhadhara kunowanikwa pakarepo.
Deferred Payment Letter Credit
Nemhando iyi yetsamba yechikwereti, kubhadhara hakuitike pakarepo mushure mekunge magwaro agamuchirwa.
Vamwe vakabvumirana-nguva inopfuura musati vatengesi vasagamuchira mari. Tsamba yekubhadhara yakakweretwa yechikwereti zviri pachena kuti iri nani kune vatengi kupfuura vatengesi. Aya anozivikanwawo sezwi kana kuti tsamba yekushandira chikwereti.
Ropa Rutsvuku Tsamba yeMutero
Nebhokisi rakatsvuka, mubhadhari anokwanisa kuwana mari mberi. Mutengi anobvumira chikwereti chisina kuchengetedzwa kuti chibudiswe sechikamu chemutsamba wechikwereti, izvo zvinenge zviripo mberi kwekubhadhara kwese. Mutengesi kana mubhadhari anogona kushandisa mari yacho kutenga, kugadzira, kana kutumira zvinhu kumutengesi.
Tsamba Isingagoneki yeKwereta
Tsamba isingashanduki yechikwereti tsamba yekwereti isingagoni kuchinjwa pasina mvumo kubva kune vose vanobatanidzwa. Inenge dzose tsamba dzechikwereti iye zvino hazvigadziriswi, nokuti tsamba dzinokanganisa dzechikwereti haisi kupa chekuchengetedzwa kunowanikwa nevakawanda vanowanikwa.
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, verenga peji redu pane Irrevocable Letters Credit .